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Transmisogyny
Transmisogyny, otherwise known as trans-misogyny and transphobic misogyny, is the intersection of transphobia and misogyny as experienced by trans women and transfeminine people. The term was coined by Julia Serano in her 2007 book '' Whipping Girl'' to describe a particular form of oppression experienced by trans women. In a 2017 interview with ''The New York Times'', Serano explores the roots of transmisogyny as a critique of feminine gender expressions which are "ridiculed in comparison to masculine interests and gender expression." Transmisogyny is a central concept in transfeminism and is commonly referenced in intersectional feminist theory. In her definition of transmisogyny, Serano does not limit those affected by transmisogyny to individuals who identify as transgender and includes others, such as cisgender people, and those who identify as drag queens. Framework The concept of transmisogyny hinges on two other concepts first described by Serano: traditional s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transfeminism
Transfeminism, or trans feminism, is a branch of feminism focused on transgender women and informed by transgender studies. Transfeminism focuses on the effects of transmisogyny and patriarchy on trans women. It is related to the broader field of queer theory. The term was popularized by Emi Koyama (involved in the Intersex Society of North America, ISNA) in ''The Transfeminist Manifesto.'' Transfeminism describes the concepts of gender nonconformity, notions of masculinity and femininity and the maintaining of sex and gender binary, gender binary on trans men and women. Transfeminists view gender conformity as a control mechanism of patriarchy, which is maintained via violence against transgender people, violence against transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals as a basis of patriarchy and transmisogyny. Tactics of transfeminism emerged from groups such as ''The Transexual Menace'' (name from the Lavender Menace) in the 1990s, in response to exclusion of transgender ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Short History Of Trans Misogyny
''A Short History of Trans Misogyny'' is a 2024 book by transgender author and academic Jules Gill-Peterson which discusses the origins of transmisogyny, hatred or violence toward trans women and other people she describes as "trans-feminized". Peterson examines how transmisogyny was part of colonial statecraft across many parts of the world, focusing in particular on the genocide of two-spirit people in the Americas, the criminalization of the hijra people in India under British rule, the murder of Jennifer Laude in the Philippines by an American soldier, and the policing and sensational press coverage of sex worker Mary Jones in New York City. Background The book was edited by Rosie Warren. Peterson says she first began writing it when Warren contacted her. Peterson developed its ideas while she was a scholar-in-residence at the University of Southern California’s Consortium for Gender, Sexuality, Race, and Public Culture and while lecturing at UC Irvine, and received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans Women
A trans woman or transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Trans women have a female gender identity and may experience gender dysphoria (distress brought upon by the discrepancy between a person's gender identity and their sex assigned at birth). Gender dysphoria may be treated with gender-affirming care. Gender-affirming care may include social or medical transition. Social transition may include adopting a new name, hairstyle, clothing style, and/or set of pronouns associated with the individual's affirmed gender identity. A major component of medical transition for trans women is feminizing hormone therapy, which causes the development of female secondary sex characteristics (breasts, redistribution of body fat, lower waist–hip ratio, etc.). Medical transition may also include one or more feminizing surgeries, including vaginoplasty (to create a vagina), feminization laryngoplasty (to raise the vocal pitch), or facial feminization surgery (to fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whipping Girl
''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity'' is a 2007 book by the gender theorist, biologist, and writer Julia Serano. The book is a transfeminist manifesto that makes the case that transphobia is rooted in sexism and that transgender activism is a feminist movement. The second edition of the book was published in March 2016. Terminology The book extensively discusses transmisogyny, which is the intersection of misogyny with transphobia directed toward trans women. Serano also explores ''trans-objectification'', ''trans-fascimilation'', ''trans-sexualization'', ''trans-interrogation'', ''trans-erasure'', '' trans-exclusion'', and ''trans-mystification''. She argues that sexism in Western culture is a twofold phenomenon, comprising ''traditional sexism'' ("the belief that maleness and masculinity are superior to femaleness and femininity") and ''oppositional sexism'', "the belief that ''female'' and ''male'' are rigid, mutually exclusive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misogyny
Misogyny () is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against Woman, women or girls. It is a form of sexism that can keep women at a lower social status than Man, men, thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy. Misogyny has been widely practised for thousands of years. It is reflected in art, literature, human societal structure, historical events, mythology, philosophy, and religion worldwide. An example of misogyny is violence against women, which includes domestic violence and, in its most extreme forms, misogynist terrorism and femicide. Misogyny also often operates through sexual harassment, coercion, and psychological techniques aimed at controlling women, and by legally or social exclusion, socially excluding women from full citizenship. In some cases, misogyny rewards women for accepting an inferior status. Misogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals, primarily by men, and as a widespread cultural custom or system. Sometimes misogyny ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julia Serano
Julia Michelle Serano ( ; born 1967) is an American writer, musician, spoken-word performer, transgender and bisexual activist, and biologist. She is known for her transfeminist books, such as '' Whipping Girl'' (2007), ''Excluded'' (2013), and ''Outspoken'' (2016). She is also a public speaker who has given many talks at universities and conferences. Her writing is frequently featured in queer, feminist, and popular culture magazines. Life Serano, who was assigned male at birth, has stated that she first consciously recognized in herself a desire to be female during the late 1970s, when she was 11 years old. A few years later, she began crossdressing. At first, she crossdressed secretively, but she eventually started identifying herself openly as a "male crossdresser." Serano attended her first support group for crossdressers in 1994 while she lived in Kansas.''Serano, Julia. "Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity''," Seal Press, 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights Campaign
The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is an American LGBTQ advocacy group. It is the largest LGBTQ political lobbying organization within the United States. Based in Washington, D.C., the organization focuses on protecting and expanding rights for LGBTQ individuals, including advocating for same-sex marriage, anti-discrimination and hate crimes legislation, and HIV/AIDS advocacy. The organization has a number of legislative initiatives as well as supporting resources for LGBTQ individuals. Structure HRC is an umbrella group of two separate non-profit organizations and a political action committee: the HRC Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization that focuses on research, advocacy and education; the Human Rights Campaign, a 501(c)(4) organization that focuses on promoting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights through lobbying Congress and state and local officials for support of pro-LGBTQ bills, and mobilizing grassroots action amongst its members; and the HRC Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Pay Gap In The United States
The gender pay gap in the United States is a measure comparing the earnings of men and women in the workforce. The average female annual earnings is around 80% of the average male's. When variables such as hours worked, occupations chosen, and education and job experience are controlled for, the gap diminishes with females earning 95% as much as males. The exact figure varies because different organizations use different methodologies to calculate the gap. The gap varies depending on industry and is influenced by factors such as race and age. The causes of the gender pay gap are debated, but popular explanations include the " motherhood penalty," hours worked, occupation chosen, willingness to negotiate salary, and gender bias. Surveys of members of the American Economic Association in 2000, 2011, and 2021 found a lack of consensus among professional economists in the United States over the statement: "There are few gender compensation and promotion differentials unexplained by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Coalition Of Anti-Violence Programs
The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, or NCAVP, is a national organization dedicated to reducing violence and its impacts on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBTQ) individuals in the United States. It was founded in 1995 by Gloria McCauley of BRAVO and Jeffrey Montgomery of the Triangle Foundation (now Equality Michigan) and comprises over 40 community-based projects. Membership NCAVP's membership currently includes over 40 community-based anti-violence projects serving LGBT individuals in cities and regions across the United States and Ontario. NCAVP works with their members to do research and document bias and hate crimes, domestic violence in LGBT relationships, sexual assault and abuse, "pick-up" crimes, and other characteristic forms of violence committed against LGBT individuals, and is dedicated "to helping local communities establish, promote and expand anti-violence education, prevention, organizing, advocacy and direct services". Their members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of People Killed For Being Transgender
This is a worldwide list of people who were killed for being transgender. The list does not include suicides, accidental deaths, or premature deaths. Some of the perpetrators in these cases cite the trans panic defense. Violence against transgender people is also known as trans bashing. Background The murder of trans people has served as an impetus to the establishment of the Transgender Day of Remembrance (TDoR). In 2019, the American Medical Association called the violence against trans people an "epidemic". In 2020, ABC News "independently confirmed 34 violent deaths of transgender and gender non-conforming people in 2020 at the time of publication." This was published by ''Good Morning America''. According to the Human Rights Campaign, at least 57 transgender and gender non-conforming people were killed in 2021, surpassing the total from 2020 of 44 people. There are no federal or state databases tracking anti-transgender violence in the United States. Since 2013, Human ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intersex
Intersex people are those born with any of several sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". Sex assignment at birth usually aligns with a child's external genitalia. The number of births with ambiguous genitals is in the range of 1:4,500–1:2,000 (0.02%–0.05%). Other conditions involve the development of atypical chromosomes, gonads, or hormones. The portion of the population that is intersex has been reported differently depending on which definition of intersex is used and which conditions are included. Estimates range from 0.018% (one in 5,500 births) to 1.7%. The difference centers on whether conditions in which chromosomal sex matches a phenotypic sex which is clearly identifiable as male or female, such as late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1.5 percentage points) and Kline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
