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Transit Timing Variation
Transit-timing variation is a method for detecting exoplanets by observing variations in the timing of a transit method, transit. This provides an extremely sensitive method capable of detecting additional planets in the system with masses potentially as small as Earth mass, that of Earth. In tightly packed planetary systems, the gravitational pull of the planets among themselves causes one planet to accelerate and another planet to decelerate along its orbit. The acceleration causes the orbital period of each planet to change. Detecting this effect by measuring the change is known as transit-timing variations. "Timing variation" asks whether the transit occurs with strict periodicity or if there exists a variation. The first significant detection of a non-transiting planet using transit-timing variations was carried out with NASA's Kepler (spacecraft), Kepler telescope. The transiting planet Kepler-19b shows transit-timing variation with an amplitude of 5 minutes and a period of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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201008-2a PlanetOrbits 16x9- Transit Timing Of 1-planet Vs 2-planet Systems
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, Numeral (linguistics), numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest Positive number, positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit (measurement), unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In Digital electronics, digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Exoplanet
An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first confirmed detection of an exoplanet was in 1992 around a pulsar, and the first detection around a main-sequence star was in 1995. A different planet, first detected in 1988, was confirmed in 2003. In 2016, it was recognized that the first possible evidence of an exoplanet had been noted in 1917. In collaboration with ground-based and other space-based observatories the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to give more insight into exoplanet traits, such as their composition, environmental conditions, and potential for life. There are many methods of detecting exoplanets. Transit photometry and Doppler spectroscopy have found the most, but these methods suffer from a clear observational bias favoring the detection of planets near the star; thus, 85% of the exoplanets detected are inside the tidal locking zone. In several cases, multiple planets have been observed around a star ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Transit Method
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star. Established detection methods The following methods have proven successful at least once for discovering a new planet or detecting an already discovered planet: Radial velocity A star with a planet will move in its own small orbit in response to the planet's gravity. This leads to variations in the speed with which the star moves toward or away from E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Earth Mass
An Earth mass (denoted as ''M''🜨, ''M''♁ or ''M''E, where 🜨 and ♁ are the astronomical symbols for Earth), is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Earth. The current best estimate for the mass of Earth is , with a relative uncertainty of 10−4.The cited value is the recommended value published by the International Astronomical Union in 2009 (se2016 "Selected Astronomical Constants" in ). It is equivalent to an average density of . Using the nearest metric prefix, the Earth mass is approximately six ronnagrams, or 6.0 Rg. The Earth mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy that is used to indicate the masses of other planets, including rocky terrestrial planets and exoplanets. One Solar mass is close to Earth masses. The Earth mass excludes the mass of the Moon. The mass of the Moon is about 1.2% of that of the Earth, so that the mass of the Earth–Moon system is close to . Most of the mass is accounted for by iron and oxygen (c. 32% each), m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society
''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in astronomy, astrophysics and related fields. It publishes original research in two formats: papers (of any length) and letters (limited to five pages). MNRAS publishes more articles per year than any other astronomy journal. The learned society journal has been in continuous existence since 1827 and became online only in 2020. It operates as a partnership between the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), who select and peer-review the contents, and Oxford University Press (OUP), who publish and market the journal. Despite its name, MNRAS is no longer monthly, nor does it carry the notices of the RAS. In 2024 MNRAS became a purely gold open access journal. History The first issue of MNRAS was published on 9 February 1827 as ''Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society of London'' and it has been in continuous publication ever since. It took its current name from the second vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kepler (spacecraft)
The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 to discover Earth-sized Exoplanet, planets orbiting other stars. Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler, the spacecraft was launched into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. The principal investigator was William J. Borucki. After nine and a half years of operation, the telescope's reaction control system fuel was depleted, and NASA announced its retirement on October 30, 2018. Designed to survey a portion of Earth's region of the Milky Way to discover Terrestrial planet, Earth-size exoplanets in or near habitable zones and to estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole scientific instrument is a photometer that continually monitored the brightness of approximately 150,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. These data were transmitted to Earth, then transit method, analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that Astronomica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kepler-19b
Kepler-19b is a planet orbiting around the star Kepler-19. The planet has an orbital period of 9.3 days, with an estimated radius of roughly 2.2 times that of the Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all ..., with a mass around 8.4 times that of the Earth. It is one of three planets orbiting Kepler-19. See also * List of planets discovered by the Kepler spacecraft Other planets in the Kepler-19 system * Kepler-19c * Kepler-19d References Exoplanets discovered in 2011 19b {{extrasolar-planet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kepler-19c
Kepler-19c is an extra-solar planet orbiting the star Kepler-19 approximately 717 light years from Earth. Discovery The planet was discovered as a result of examinations of data from the previously discovered exoplanet, Kepler-19b. Timing variations in the orbital period The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object. In astronomy, it usually applies to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets ... of the first planet necessitated gravitational forces to be acting upon the planet, resulting from an additional body in the vicinity, acting to cause a variation of transition of five minutes per orbit. The lead author of the paper announcing the discovery was Sarah Ballard. See also * List of extrasolar planet firsts References {{reflist, refs= {{cite journal , title=The Kepler-19 System: A Transiting 2.2R ⊕ Planet and a Second Planet Detected Via Trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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WASP-3
WASP-3 is a triple star system located about away from the Sun in the constellation Lyra. The system has an apparent magnitude of 10. The brightest and most massive star of this system is WASP-3A, an F-type main sequence star which has one known transiting hot Jupiter exoplanet, WASP-3b. Since the planet transits the star, the star is classified as a planetary transit variable and has received the variable star designation V838 Lyrae. Triple system WASP-3 has been identified as a triple star system in a 2019 study of astrometry from the ''Gaia'' mission. The brightest and most massive component of the system is WASP-3A, an F-type main sequence star that is 1.24 times as massive as the Sun and 1.31 times as large as the Sun in radius. WASP-3A appears to be a variable star; observations between 2007 and 2010 show that the star's chromospheric activity had increased during that time period. The second companion, WASP-3B, is a low-mass star about 0.11 times as mass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kepler-9b
__NOTOC__ Kepler-9b is one of the first planets discovered outside the Solar System (exoplanets) by NASA's Kepler Mission. It revolves around the star Kepler-9 within the constellation Lyra. Kepler-9b is the largest of three planets detected in the Kepler system by transit method; its mass is roughly half that of the planet Saturn, and it is the largest planet in its system. Kepler-9b and Kepler-9c display a phenomenon called orbital resonance, in which gravitational pull from each planet alters and stabilizes the orbit of the other. The planet's discovery was announced on August 26, 2010. Nomenclature and history Kepler-9b's name denotes that it is the first exoplanet discovered in orbit around the star Kepler-9. The star, in turn, was named for the Kepler Mission, a NASA project designed to search for Earth-like planets. Kepler-9's planets were among 700 planetary candidates collected during Kepler's first 43 days online. The system in particular was flagged as one of five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kepler-9c
Kepler-9c is one of the first seven extrasolar planets, exoplanets, discovered by NASA's Kepler Mission, and one of at least two planets orbiting the star Kepler-9. Kepler-9c and Kepler-9b were the first exoplanets confirmed to be transiting their star. The planet's discovery was announced by the Kepler Mission team on August 26, 2010 after its initial discovery by Kepler. At the time, it was one of 700 planetary candidates noted by Kepler. Observations of the planet have suggested that it is a hydrogen–helium gas giant that is slightly smaller than Saturn, and that it orbits nearby its star at .225 AU. Kepler-9c and b are notable in that the planets share a pattern of orbital resonance, in which the orbit of each planet stabilizes the orbit of the other. During the time it was observed by the spacecraft, the planet's orbit, which lasts on average approximately 38 days, shortened by 39 minutes every orbital period because of this effect. Its orbit, over time, oscillates slig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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TRAPPIST-1
, - ! style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2", Characteristics , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Evolutionary stage , Main sequence , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Spectral type , M8V , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Apparent magnitude (R) , , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Apparent magnitude (I) , , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Apparent magnitude (J) , , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Apparent magnitude (H) , , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , Apparent magnitude (K) , , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , V−R , 2.332 , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , R−I , 2.442 , - style="vertical-align:top" ! style="text-align:left" , J−H , 0.63 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |