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Transgender Rights In Iran
Transgender rights in Iran are limited, with a narrow degree of official recognition of transgender identities by the government, but with trans individuals facing very high levels of discrimination, from the law, the state, and from wider society. Before the Iranian Revolution, Islamic Revolution in 1979, the issue of transgender identity in Iran had never been officially addressed by the government. Beginning in the mid-1980s, however, transgender individuals were officially recognized by the government, under condition of undergoing sex reassignment surgery, with some financial assistance being provided by the government for the costs of surgery, and with a change of sex marker on birth certificates available post-surgery. Iran allows people who identify as female to participate in women's sports if they have had genital reassignment surgery. However, substantial legal and societal barriers exist in Iran. Transgender individuals who do not undergo surgery have no legal rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran In Its Region
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Legal Medicine Organization
The Iranian Legal Medicine Organization (ILMO) (Persian: سازمان پزشکی قانونی) is a program under Iran's Judicial Branch. It is based in Tehran. In addition to publishing data about medical conditions and fatalities in the country, and releasing reports on injuries and fatalities due to natural disasters, it also offers services like coroners and virginity test A virginity test is the pseudoscientific practice and process of determining whether a woman or girl is a virgin; i.e., to determine that she has never engaged in, or been subjected to, vaginal intercourse. The test typically involves a check for ...s. History 1922, the first Office of Legal Medicine, in the Ministry of Justice, was established. Until 1942 forensics were done in private doctors offices. In 2022 ILMO released a statement in which they claimed that Mahsa Amini's death was due to medication she had been taking, rather than due to police violence. Publications ILMO owns the Iranian Journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safra Project
Safra or SAFRA may refer to: People (surname) * Alberto J. Safra (born 1979/1980), Brazilian banker *Edmond Safra (1932–1999), Syrian-Brazilian banker *Jacob Safra (1891–1963), Syrian banker *Jacqui Safra (born 1948), Swiss investor and actor *Joseph Safra (1939–2020), Brazilian banker * Lily Safra (1934–2022), Brazilian philanthropist and socialite *Moise Safra (1934–2014), Brazilian businessman and philanthropist * Rav Safra (280–338), Babylonian Amora * Shmuel Safra, Israeli computer scientist * Vicky Safra (born 1952/1953), Brazilian-born philanthropist People (given name) *Safra Catz (born 1961), American business executive Organizations *Safra Group, an international network of companies controlled by the Joseph Safra family **Banco Safra **Bank Jacob Safra Switzerland ** Safra National Bank of New York * SAFRA Radio, a Singaporean broadcasting company *SAFRA National Service Association, Singapore NSmen Recreation Club Places * Safra, Iran, a village in Khuzest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNHCR
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and Humanitarian protection, protect refugees, Internally displaced person, forcibly displaced communities, and Statelessness, stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary return, voluntary repatriation, local integration or third country resettlement, resettlement to a third country. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has 20,305 staff working in 136 countries as of December 2023. Background The office of High Commissioner for Refugees has existed since 1921, when it was created by the League of Nations with Norwegian scientist Fridtjof Nansen as its first occupant. The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was created in 1946 to address the refugee crisis that resulted from World War II. The United Nations established the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 1950 as the successor of the IRO. The 1951 refugee conve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Court
Family courts were originally created to be a Court of Equity convened to decide matters and make orders in relation to family law, including custody of children, and could disregard certain legal requirements as long as the petitioner/plaintiff came into court with "clean hands" and the request was reasonable, " quantum meruit". Changes in laws and rules have made this distinction superfluous. Family courts hear all cases that relate to familial and domestic relationships. Each US state and each country has a different system utilized to address family law cases including decisions regarding divorce cases. Family courts have been accused of sentencing disparity both discriminating against women and discriminating against men. In the United States Family courts were first established in the United States starting in the late 1910s at the behest of probation officers invested in the success of specialized domestic relations courts. Members of the National Probation Associ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standards Of Care For The Health Of Transsexual, Transgender, And Gender Nonconforming People
The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC) is an international clinical protocol by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) outlining the recommended assessment and treatment for transgender and gender-diverse individuals across the lifespan including social, hormonal, or surgical transition. It often influences clinicians' decisions regarding patients' treatment. While other standards, protocols, and guidelines existespecially outside the United Statesthe WPATH SOC is the most widespread protocol used by professionals working with transgender or gender-variant people. Version 8 of the WPATH SOC, the latest version, was released online on September 15, 2022. History and development Prior to the advent of the first SOC, there was no semblance of consensus on psychiatric, psychological, medical, and surgical requirements or procedures. Before the 1960s, few countries offered safe, legal medical options and many ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Professional Association For Transgender Health
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA), is a professional organization devoted to the understanding and treatment of gender identity and gender dysphoria, and creating standardized treatment for transgender and gender variant people. WPATH was founded in 1979 and named HBIGDA in honor of Harry Benjamin during a period where there was no clinical consensus on how and when to provide gender-affirming care. Founding members included Dr. Harry Benjamin, Paul A. Walker, Richard Green, Jack C. Berger, Donald R. Laub, Charles L. Reynolds Jr., Leo Wollman and Jude Patton. WPATH is mostly known for the Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC). Early versions of the SOC mandated strict gatekeeping of transition by psychologists and psychiatrists and framed transgender identity as a mental illness. Beginning in approximately 2010, WPATH bega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Center For Human Rights In Iran
The Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI; formerly the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, ICHRI) is an American non-government organization that aims to promote human rights in Iran. The group started in late 2007 when several human rights activists working for the Dutch non-governmental organization 'Foundation for Human Security in the Middle East' wished to focus on the situation in Iran.About the campaign iranhumanrights.org Accessed June 19, 2009. Background Hadi Ghaemi is the executive director (). He graduated from Boston University in 1994 and then taught |
Transgender People And Military Service
Not all armed forces have policies explicitly permitting LGBT personnel. Generally speaking, Western European militaries show a greater tendency toward inclusion of LGBT individuals. In 1974, the Netherlands was the first country to allow transgender military personnel. Debate about inclusion of transgender people in the military Arguments against inclusion There are arguments against the inclusion of transgender people in military service. One argument is based on the view that being transgender is a mental illness, and as such transgender individuals are unfit for service. This argument follows a high incidence of depression and suicide manifest in transgender individuals. This is especially pertinent in individuals who have had sex-reassignment surgery and are unsatisfied with the results; in such cases severe depression is prevalent.Clements T.I., Wicks R.E.,"Transsexualism and Flight Safety" ''Aerospace Medicine Branch Education'' USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice For Iran
Justice for Iran (JFI) is a London-based non-governmental human rights organization. The stated objective of the organization is to "address and eradicate the practice of human rights abuses and impunity that empowers officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran to perpetrate widespread human rights violations against Iranian citizens, and to hold them accountable for their actions." Objectives and mission While traditionally plethora of human rights organizations have concentrated on documenting human rights abuses, lobbying and monitoring human right situations; JFI's distinctive mission is human rights advocacy to promotes accountability and redress. Helping to counsel and empower survivors and the relatives of victims is an essential part of JFI's work. By documenting, researching, awareness raising, advocacy and litigation, JFI, endeavors to serve as a source of analysis and information on the human rights situation in Iran, as well as an active NGO advocate in the international ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OutRight Action International
Outright International (Outright) is an LGBTIQ human rights non-governmental organization that addresses human rights violations and abuses against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. OutRight International documents human rights discrimination and abuses based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics in partnership with activists, advocates, media, NGOs and allies on a local, regional, national and international level. OutRight International holds consultative status with ECOSOC. History Outright International, formerly known as International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC), was founded by Julie Dorf in 1990, and incorporated as a non-profit organization on November 7, 1990. Though initially focused on LGBT human rights abuses in Russia, the organization is now active in many parts of the world, including the Americas, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. OutRight International is headquarte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quality & Quantity
''Quality & Quantity'' is an interdisciplinary double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal dealing with methodological issues in the fields of economics, psychology and sociology, mathematics, and statistics. The journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in .... References External links * Sociology journals Mathematical and statistical psychology journals Economics journals English-language journals Research methods journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Bimonthly journals {{statistics-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
