Trans-Niger Pipeline
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Trans-Niger Pipeline
The Trans-Niger Pipeline (TNP) is a major oil pipeline in Nigeria's Niger Delta, used to transport crude from oil fields through Ogoniland communities to export terminals. The pipeline has a transporting capacity of about 180,000 barrels of crude per day and was operated by Shell Nigeria, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria till March 2025. Renaissance Africa Energy Holdings took over operations of the pipeline after acquiring Shell's onshore subsidiary. Incidents After a leak on the Trans-Niger Pipeline at Oloma in southern Rivers State in August 2015, Shell shut down both the Trans-Niger Pipeline and Nembe Creek Trunk Line and declared “force majeure” on crude oil exports. The pipeline was closed again on November 22, 2015, after an incident in which four contractors were killed during an operation to remove crude oil theft points. In August 2022, a joint investigation visit by the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) found that a leak that ...
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Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, a population of more than 230 million, it is the List of African countries by population, most populous country in Africa, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in Niger–Nigeria border, the north, Chad in Chad–Nigeria border, the northeast, Cameroon in Cameroon–Nigeria border, the east, and Benin in Benin–Nigeria border, the west. Nigeria is a Federation, federal republic comprising 36 States of Nigeria, states and the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, where its capital, Abuja, is located. The List of Nigerian cities by population, largest city in Nigeria by population is Lagos, one of the largest List of largest cities, metr ...
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Eleme Local Government Area
Eleme is a Local government areas of Nigeria, local government area in Rivers State, Nigeria. It is part of the Port Harcourt Metropolitan area, metropolitan city. Eleme has its headquarters in the town of Ogale. It covers an area of 138 km2 and at the 2006 Census had a population of 190,884. The Eleme people are Eleme's main indigenous ethnic group. Eleme LGA has two districts- Nchia and Odido and both administered under the Crown of the Oneh Eh Eleme (Philip Obele, King Of Eleme.) As explained in a book edited by Imelda Icheji Lawrence Udoh and others, the Eleme language, of the Cross-River branch of the larger Niger-Congo language family, is the main spoken language. In 2005 Eleme had two of Nigeria's four Oil refinery, petroleum refineries. Climate/Geography Eleme LGA is made up of numerous rivers and tributaries and has a total size of 138 square kilometers. The local government region experiences 3,250 mm of precipitation annually, with an average temperature o ...
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Oil Pipelines
A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than of pipeline in 120 countries around the world. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries. The main attribute to pollution from pipelines is caused by corrosion and leakage. ''Pipeline and Gas Journal''s worldwide survey figures indicate that of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, represent projects in the planning and design phase; reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines, and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels—such as oil, natural gas and biofuels—and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot water or steam for shorter ...
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Pipelines In Nigeria
Nigeria’s transport network has expanded in recent years to accommodate a growing population. The transport and storage sector was valued at N2.6trn ($6.9bn) in current basic prices in 2020, down from N3trn ($8bn) in 2019, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). This was reflected in a lower contribution to GDP, at 1.8% in the fourth quarter of 2020, down from 2.1% during the same period the previous year but higher than the 0.8% recorded in the third quarter of 2020. One of the most significant challenges facing the sector is meeting the needs of both large coastal cities and rural inland communities in order to fully unlock the country’s economic potential. This is especially the case with mining and agriculture, both of which are expected to benefit from two large-scale projects: the Lekki Port in Lagos and the Kano-Maradi rail line in the north of the country. Although transport networks have historically been underfunded, the government is prioritising their ...
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Gokana, Rivers
Gokana is a Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town(community) of Kpor but the traditional headquarters is Giokoo.It happens to be a part of the Ogoni tribe. It has an area of 126 km and a population of 228,828 at the 2006 census. The local language is the Gokana language. Gokana is also divided into two major divisions which are ''Dee-nwee Gokana'' also known as ''pa numuu'' and ''Dee-si Gokana'' also known as ''pa bookpo.'' The postal code of the area is 504. Gokana is divided into seventeen towns (Communities), namely: Degen, Deeyor, Yeghe, Biara, Nwebiara, Barako, Nweol, Giokoo, Bera, Lewe, Bomu, Mogho, Kpor, Baranyonwa Dere, Kegbara Dere, Goi and Bodo. Each town is headed by a king. The seventeen towns are further subdivided into villages. All seventeen towns have one common ancestry. The native Gokana week is made up of five days namely: Maa, Bon, Zua, SJon, Koo(pronounced cur). Koo is the official sabbath or rest day when our ...
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Heineken Lokpobiri
Heineken Lokpobiri (born 3 March 1967) is a Nigerian politician who is the minister of state for Petroleum Resources (Oil). He previously served as minister of state for Agriculture and Rural Development from 2015 to 2019, and as Senator representing Bayelsa West Senatorial District from 2007 to 2015. He is a former speaker of the Bayelsa State House of Assembly. Early life and education Heineken Lokpobiri received an LL.B (Hons) in 1994 from Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, BL February 1995. Expert in Environmental Rights and Environmental Law, holds a Doctorate degree Ph.D. from Leeds Beckett University, UK in 2015. Political career Lokpobiri was a member of the Bayelsa State House of Assembly from 1999 to 2003, and speaker of the house from June 1999 – May 2001. First senate term He was elected to the Nigerian Senate for the Bayelsa West constituency in 2007 and was appointed to committees on Sports, Public Accounts, Police Affairs, ...
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Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army. It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007. History Formation The Nigerian Army traces its history to Lieutena ...
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Emohua
Emohua is an oil rich Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Emohua. Emohua LGA is made up of so many towns and villages which includes; Omudioga, Egbeda, Ubimini, Elele-Alimini, Rumuji, Emohua, Ibaa, Obelle, Itu, Ndele, Odegu,Rumuekpe, Rumuodogo, Rumuewhor, Ovogo and so many others. Emohua consists of fourteen political wards. Emohua LGA has fertile land that favours primary production such as farming. The presence of water bodies gives room for activities of primary production such as sand dredging and fishing. Furthermore, the presence, popularity and proximity of its markets favour secondary production such as oil milling, cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava, manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although ... processing rice processing, Yam (vegetable), yam pr ...
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Bodo, Nigeria
Bodo is a town in the Gokana local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Inhabited by Ogonis, it is located within Ogoniland. In 2010, the community had a population of around 69,000 people. A fishing and farming town, Bodo is known for having been the site of several severe oil spills in the 21st century. Economy The main occupations in Bodo are fishing and farming. A lot of the farming work is done by hand, and by women. Cassava is one of the main staple crops of the town and of the region. Goat meat is also a local delicacy, and many inhabitants of Bodo raise goats. Oil spills In 2003, a "relatively small" oil spill affected the mangroves in Bodo. In 2008 and 2009, two oil spills from the Trans-Niger pipeline operated by Shell Nigeria spilled at least 560,000 barrels of oil into the village's land, one of the biggest spills in decades of oil exploration in Nigeria. As a fishing town, the livelihoods of the majority of Bodo's inhabitants were destroyed. Fish populat ...
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Rivers State
Rivers is a states of Nigeria, state in the Niger Delta region of southern Nigeria (Old Eastern Region). Formed on 27 May 1967, when it was split from the former Eastern Region, Nigeria, Eastern Region, Rivers State borders include Imo State, Imo and Anambra State, Anambra to the north, Abia State, Abia and Akwa Ibom State, Akwa Ibom to the east, and Bayelsa State, Bayelsa and Delta State, Delta to the west. The State capital, Port Harcourt, is a metropolis that is considered to be the commercial center of the Petroleum industry in Nigeria, Nigerian oil industry. With a population of 5,198,716 as of the 2006 census and an estimated population of 9,898,470 in 2024, Rivers State is the List of Nigerian states by population, 4th most populous state in Nigeria. Rivers State is a diverse state that is home to many ethnic groups including: Ikwerre people, Ikwerre, Degema, Nigeria, Degema, Ijaw people, Ijaw, Ogoni people, Ogoni, Ogba people, Ogba, Ekpeye, and Kalabari tribe, Kalabari. T ...
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National Oil Spill Detection And Response Agency
The National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) is an agency under the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria. It was instituted by the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria act of 2006 with the core mandate to oversee the implementation of the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCP) which also incorporates the National Oil Spill Contingency System (NOSCS) for Nigeria. This is to ensure compliance to Nigeria's signatory to the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation ( OPRC, 1990). Therefore, the agency has focused on building conformance with environment legislation in the Nigerian petroleum sector from inception. NOSDRA is the lead agency for other oil spill contingency plans in Nigeria, including the ports and industries. It fulfils its mandate through joint investigation visits, environmental remediation of impacted sites, monitoring oil spill drill exercises and facilitating inspections. These activ ...
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Force Majeure
In contract law, force majeure ( ; ) is a common clause in contracts which essentially frees both parties from liability or obligation when an extraordinary event or circumstance beyond the control of the parties, such as a war, strike, riot, crime, epidemic, or sudden legal change prevents one or both parties from fulfilling their obligations under the contract. Force majeure often includes events described as an act of God, though such events remain legally distinct from the clause itself. In practice, most force majeure clauses do not entirely excuse a party's non-performance but suspend it for the duration of the force majeure.Supreme Court (of India) 1285 it was held that "An analysis of ruling on the subject shows that reference to the expression is made where the intention is to save the defaulting party from the consequences of anything over which he had no control." Even if a force majeure clause covers the relevant supervening event, the party unable to perform will ...
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