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Trachurus Lathami
''Trachurus lathami'' is a species of fish in the family Carangidae and the genus ''Trachurus'', the jack mackerels. Common names include rough scad and horse mackerelVergani, M., et al. (2008)Food of the yellowtail amberjack ''Seriola lalandi'' from the south-west Atlantic.''Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK'' 88(4) 851-52. in English, as well as ''chinchard frappeur'' ( French), ''chicharro garretón'' (Spanish), ''jurel'' (in Argentina and Uruguay), and ''carapau'', ''garaçuma'', ''surel'', and ''xixarro'' (in Brazil).Common names of ''Trachurus lathami''.
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It is native to parts of the western

John Treadwell Nichols
John Treadwell Nichols (June 11, 1883 – November 10, 1958) was an American ichthyologist and ornithologist. Life and career Nichols was born in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Mary Blake (Slocum) and John White Treadwell Nichols. In 1906 he studied vertebrate zoology at Harvard College, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (AB). In 1907 he joined the American Museum of Natural History as assistant in the department of mammalogy. In 1913 he founded ''Copeia'', the official journal of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. In 1916 he described the long lost Bermuda petrel together with Louis Leon Arthur Mowbray who first sighted this bird within a flock of other petrels in 1906 on Castle Island, Bermuda 45 years before it was officially rediscovered by Mowbray's son Louis. He also described the fish genus ''Bajacalifornia''. He also worked with a team of scientists from the American Museum of Natural History during the Jersey Shore sh ...
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Continental Shelf
A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea. Much of these shelves were exposed by drops in sea level during glacial periods. The shelf surrounding an island is known as an ''insular shelf''. The continental margin, between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain, comprises a steep continental slope, surrounded by the flatter continental rise, in which sediment from the continent above cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope. Extending as far as 500 km (310 mi) from the slope, it consists of thick sediments deposited by turbidity currents from the shelf and slope. The continental rise's gradient is intermediate between the gradients of the slope and the shelf. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the name continental shelf was given a legal definition as the stretch of the seabed adjacent to the sh ...
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Temora Stylifera
''Temora stylifera'' is a copepod primarily found in the Atlantic and surrounding waters. Description The female of ''T. stylifera'' ranges in length from about , and the male is generally between about in length. Distribution ''T. stylifera'' is primarily found in the Atlantic, off of the coasts of Central America, northern South America, western Europe, and northern Africa. It can also be found in large numbers in the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. Ecology Life cycle and reproduction Although ''T. stylifera'' is a continuous breeder, it experiences seasonal fluctuations in egg production rate. During one study in the Gulf of Naples The Gulf of Naples (), also called the Bay of Naples, is a roughly 15-kilometer-wide (9.3 mi) gulf located along the south-western coast of Italy (province of Naples, Campania region). It opens to the west into the Mediterranean Sea. It i ..., maximum egg production rates were found to occur from about February to July, with minimum rate ...
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Oncaea
''Oncaea'' is a genus of copepods. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Unlike other bioluminescent copepods, ''Oncaea'' have an internal (non-secreted) bioluminescence. ''Oncaea'' contains the following species: *'' Oncaea africana'' Shmeleva, 1979 *'' Oncaea alboranica'' Shmeleva, 1979 *'' Oncaea atlantica'' Shmeleva, 1967 *'' Oncaea bispinosa'' Böttger-Schnack, 2002 *'' Oncaea bowmani'' Heron, 1977 *'' Oncaea brocha'' Heron, 1977 *'' Oncaea brodskii'' Shmeleva, 1968 *'' Oncaea clevei'' Früchtl, 1923 *'' Oncaea compacta'' Heron, 1977 *'' Oncaea convexa'' Heron, 1977 *'' Oncaea cristata'' Böttger-Schnack, 2005 *'' Oncaea crypta'' Böttger-Schnack, 2005 *''Oncaea curta'' G. O. Sars, 1916 *'' Oncaea curvata'' Giesbrecht, 1902 *'' Oncaea damkaeri'' Heron, 1977 *'' Oncaea delicata'' Heron, English & Damkaer, 1984 *''Oncaea englishi'' Heron, 1977 *''Oncaea furnestini'' Shmeleva, 1979 *''Oncaea glabra'' Heron & Frost, 2000 *''Oncaea grossa'' Heron & Frost, 2000 *''Oncaea hero ...
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Centropages
''Centropages'' is a genus of copepods in the family Centropagidae with 34 known marine species. Species * '' Centropages abdominalis'' Sato, 1913 * '' Centropages aucklandicus'' Krämer, 1895 * '' Centropages bradyi'' Wheeler, 1900 * '' Centropages calaninus'' (Dana, 1849) * '' Centropages caribbeanensis'' Park, 1970 * '' Centropages chierchiae'' Giesbrecht, 1889 * ''Centropages elegans'' Giesbrecht, 1895 * '' Centropages elongata'' * ''Centropages elongatus'' Giesbrecht, 1896 * '' Centropages furcatus'' (Dana, 1852) * '' Centropages gracilis'' (Dana, 1849) * '' Centropages hamatus'' (Lilljeborg, 1853) * '' Centropages kroeyeri'' Giesbrecht, 1892 * '' Centropages orsinii'' Giesbrecht, 1889 * '' Centropages typicus'' Krøyer, 1849 * ''Centropages velificatus'' (Oliveira, 1947) * ''Centropages violaceus'' (Claus, 1863) * ''Centropages yamadai ''Centropages'' is a genus of copepods in the family Centropagidae with 34 known marine species. S ...
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Candacia
''Candacia'' is a genus of copepods in the order Calanoida. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Candaciidae. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Candacia'': *'' Candacia armata'' *'' Candacia bipinnata'' *'' Candacia bispinosa'' *'' Candacia bradyi'' *'' Candacia catula'' *'' Candacia cheirura'' *'' Candacia columbiae'' *'' Candacia curta'' *'' Candacia discaudata'' *'' Candacia elongata'' *'' Candacia ethiopica'' *'' Candacia falcifera'' *''Candacia giesbrechti'' *'' Candacia ginuensis'' *'' Candacia guggenheimi'' *'' Candacia ishimarui'' *'' Candacia ketchumi'' *'' Candacia longimana'' *'' Candacia magna'' *'' Candacia maxima'' *'' Candacia pachydactyla'' *'' Candacia paenelongimana'' *'' Candacia parafalcifera'' *'' Candacia pofi'' *'' Candacia samassae'' *'' Candacia simplex'' *'' Candacia tenuimana'' *'' Candacia truncata'' *'' Candacia tuberculata'' *'' Candacia varicans'' *''Candacia worthingtoni ''Candacia ...
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Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthic (living on the ocean floor), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, and puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses (phytotelmata) of plants such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult and then, after more molts, achieves adult development. The nauplius form is so ...
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms and cnidarians. The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%. Many invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata. Invertebrates vary widely in size, from 50 μm (0.002 in) rotifers to the 9–10 m (30–33 ft) colossal squid. Some so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata, are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates. This makes the invertebrates paraphyletic, so the term has little meaning in taxonomy. Etymology The word "invertebrate" comes from the Latin word ''vertebra' ...
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