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Toyota Agya
The Daihatsu Ayla is a city car designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia since 2013, primarily developed for emerging markets. The Ayla has also been sold by Toyota (Daihatsu's parent company since 2016) as the Toyota Agya in Indonesia, South Africa, Tunisia and Americas (except North America), and the Toyota Wigo in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Brunei and Vietnam through an OEM agreement. The car is also slightly reengineered and manufactured in Malaysia by Perodua as the Perodua Axia. The first-generation Ayla and Agya were first unveiled at the 20th Indonesia International Motor Show in September 2012 and went on sale a year later, in September 2013. The second-generation models were unveiled in February 2023 and went on sale a month afterwards. The name ''Ayla'' was taken from the Sanskrit word meaning 'light', while ''Agya'' means 'fast'. The name was chosen to comply with the Indonesian government-endorsed Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) tax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daihatsu
is a Japanese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. One of the oldest surviving Japanese internal combustion engine manufacturers, the company was known for building three-wheeled vehicles and off-road vehicles, while currently the company offers a range of kei car models, along with kei trucks, kei vans and other larger small cars in Japan. Because of the company's focus on kei cars, 70 percent of Daihatsu drivers in Japan are female. The company produces entry-level compact cars in Japan and Southeast Asia, which are often supplied to global emerging markets under the Toyota brand. , Daihatsu's presence has been limited to Japan and Indonesia under the Daihatsu brand, and Malaysia under the Perodua brand, where the company has significant research and development resources, manufacturing facilities and sales operations. Since August 2016, the company has been a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Toyota Motor Corporation. , Daihatsu accounts for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garuda
Garuda (; ; Vedic Sanskrit: , ) is a Hindu deity who is primarily depicted as the mount (''vahana'') of the Hindu god Vishnu. This divine creature is mentioned in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain faiths. Garuda is also the half-brother of the Devas, Gandharvas, Daityas, Danavas, Nāgas, Vanara and Yakshas. He is the son of the sage Kashyapa and Vinata. He is the younger brother of Aruna, the charioteer of the Sun. Garuda is mentioned in several other texts such as the Puranas and the Vedas. Garuda is described as the king of the birds and a kite-like figure. He is shown either in a zoomorphic form (a giant bird with partially open wings) or an anthropomorphic form (a man with wings and some ornithic features). Garuda is generally portrayed as a protector with the power to swiftly travel anywhere, ever vigilant and an enemy of every serpent. He is also known as Tarkshya and Vainateya. Garuda is a part of state insignia of India, Indonesia and Thailand. Both Indonesia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Transmission
An automatic transmission (AT) or automatic gearbox is a multi-speed transmission (mechanics), transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first true automatic transmission. The first mass-produced automatic transmission is the General Motors ''Hydramatic'' two-speed hydraulic automatic, which was introduced in 1939. Automatic transmissions are especially prevalent in vehicular drivetrains, particularly those subject to intense mechanical acceleration and frequent idle/transient operating conditions; commonly commercial/passenger/utility vehicles, such as buses and waste collection vehicles. Prevalence Vehicles with internal combustion engines, unlike electric vehicles, require the engine to operate in a narrow range of rates of rotation, requiring a gearbox, operated manually or automatically, to drive t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Transmission
A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canadian English, Canada, British English, the United Kingdom and American English, the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle Transmission (mechanical device), transmission system where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles). Early automobiles used ''sliding-mesh'' manual transmissions with up to three forward gear ratios. Since the 1950s, ''constant-mesh'' manual transmissions have become increasingly commonplace, and the number of forward ratios has increased to 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions for current vehicles. The alternative to a manual transmission is an automatic transmission. Common types of automatic transmissions are the Automatic transmission#Hydraulic automatic transmissions, hydraulic automatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight-four Engine
A straight-four engine (also referred to as an inline-four engine) is a four-cylinder Reciprocating engine, piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the exceptions of the flat-four engines produced by Subaru and Porsche) and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines. When a straight-four engine is installed at an inclined angle (instead of with the cylinders oriented vertically), it is sometimes called a Slant-4 engine, slant-four. Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of new vehicles sold in the United States with four-cylinder engines rose from 30% to 47%. By the 2020 model year, the share for light-duty vehicles had risen to 59%. Design A four-stroke straight-four engine always has a cylinder on its power stroke, unlike engines with fewer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota NR Engine
The Toyota NR engine family is a series of small Straight-four engine, inline-four piston engines designed and manufactured by Toyota, with capacities between . Common features of this series The NR series uses an aluminium engine block and cylinder head. The valve mechanism is equipped with 4-valves per cylinder, DOHC, and implemented Toyota's Dual VVT-i and VVT-i, VVT-iW. It also uses multi-point or direct fuel injection. The 1NR, 2NR, 3NR, 4NR, 5NR, 6NR, and 7NR engines have VVT-i#Dual VVT-i, Dual VVT-i standard and the 8NR engine has VVT-i#VVT-iW, VVT-iW, enabling it to operate in the Otto cycle as well as a modified-Atkinson cycle to improve thermal efficiency. 1NR-FE The 1NR-FE is a compact 1.3-litre inline-four piston engine featuring Stop & Start technology and Dual VVT-i. It was introduced into the European market in late 2008 with the Yaris XP9F. Improved engine performance combined with low emissions and fuel consumption was the principal aim during its development. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VVT-i
VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing petrol engine technology manufactured by Toyota Group and used by brands Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroen), Toyota, Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu, Subaru, Aston Martin, Pontiac and Lotus Cars. It was introduced in 1995 with the '' 2JZ-GE'' engine found in the JZS155 Toyota Crown and Crown Majesta. The VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT system introduced in 1991 with the five-valve per cylinder '' 4A-GE'' "Silver Top" engine found in the AE101 Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno. The previous VVT system was a 2-stage hydraulically controlled cam phasing system. VVT-i varies the timing of the intake valves by adjusting the relationship between the camshaft drive (belt or chain) and intake camshaft. Engine oil pressure is applied to an actuator to adjust the camshaft position. Adjustments in the overlap time between the exhaust valve closing and intake valve opening result in impr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight-three Engine
A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engine, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery. Design A crankshaft angle of 120 degrees is typically used by straight-three engines, since this results in an evenly spaced firing interval. Another benefit of this configuration is perfect primary balance and secondary balance, however an end-to-end rocking couple is induced because there is no symmetry in the piston velocities about the middle piston. A balance shaft is sometimes used to reduce the vibrations caused by the rocking couple. Other crankshaft angles have been used occasionally. The 1976–1981 Laverda Jota motorcycle used a 180 degree crankshaft, where the outer pistons rise and fall together and inner cylinder is offset from them by 180 degrees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyota KR Engine
The Toyota KR engine family is a straight-3 piston engine, designed by Daihatsu, a subsidiary of Toyota. The 1KR series uses aluminium engine blocks and chain driven DOHC cylinder heads. It uses multi-point fuel injection, and has 4 valves per cylinder. Some versions have VVT-i variable valve timing. The engine is exceptionally light: with all ancillaries. 1KR-FE The 1KR-FE is a version built in Japan and Poland. Bore and stroke is , with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. Output is at 6000 rpm with of torque at 4800 rpm - and a rev-limit of 6500 rpm - or at 6000 rpm with of torque at 3600 rpm. When originally on sale it met European emission standard EU4 requirements and had levels of 109 g/km, but current applications meet European emission standard EU5 and can have levels as low as 99 g/km. This engine has been given the 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 International Engine of the Year awards in the sub-1.0 liter category. The engine was als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol Engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as '' E10'' and '' E85''). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations. Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio. History The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nicolaus August Otto and Eugen Langen, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir in 1860, Siegfried Marcus in 1864 and George Brayton in 1873. Design Thermodynamic cycle Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daihatsu Sigra
The Daihatsu Sigra is a mini MPV with standard three-row seating designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia since July 2016 to be sold exclusively in the country. Developed by Daihatsu chief engineer Nobuhiko Ono, it is built on lengthened Daihatsu Ayla, Ayla's platform and positioned below the Daihatsu Xenia, Xenia as a more affordable MPV option for the Automotive industry in Indonesia, Indonesian market, where three-row MPVs have high demand in the country. It is also rebadged and sold by Toyota as the Toyota Calya with a differentiated front fascia. The cars were built to meet the "Low Cost Green Car (Indonesia), Low Cost Green Car" regulation by the Indonesian government that abolished luxury goods tax for economical cars. The Sigra was previewed by UFC, UFC2 and UFC 3 concept cars that was shown in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The production model was unveiled on 2 August 2016 alongside the Calya and launched at the Indonesia Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perodua Bezza
The Perodua Bezza is an A-segment sedan produced by Malaysian automobile manufacturer Perodua. It was launched on 21 July 2016 as Perodua's first sedan car, and a complement to the Axia hatchback. The Bezza is based on the Axia's platform, and is powered by the latter's 1.0-litre engine, in addition to a new 1.3-litre plant. The Bezza is Perodua's first major in-house design. Perodua leads the styling and development of the Bezza's upper body structure, with technical support from Daihatsu. The Bezza is the second model to debut from Perodua's all-new factory in Serendah, Selangor. The Perodua Bezza was developed with an emphasis on fuel efficiency, and is the company's first model to feature stop-start idling and regenerative braking. The Bezza is also the first Perodua to feature Vehicle Stability Control ( VSC). The range-topping Bezza Advance scored a 5-star ASEAN NCAP rating. Etymology The name "Bezza" is derived from the Malay word ''beza'', which means "different". A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
