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Tower 42
Tower 42, commonly known as the NatWest Tower, is a skyscraper in the City of London. Designed by Richard Seifert and engineered by Pell Frischmann, it opened in 1980 as London's first skyscraper and the tallest building in the United Kingdom at the time. A prominent landmark that dominated the London skyline through the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, it is now the sixth-tallest skyscraper in the City of London and the 20th- tallest in London overall. Its original name was the National Westminster Tower, having been built as NatWest's international headquarters. Seen from above, the shape of the tower resembles that of the NatWest logo (three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement). The tower was first occupied in 1980 and formally opened on 11 June 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II. Located at 25 Old Broad Street in the ward of Cornhill, it was constructed by John Mowlem & Co from 1971 and completed in 1980. It was London's first skyscraper, at high. It was superseded as the tallest ...
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City Of London
The City of London, also known as ''the City'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county and Districts of England, local government district with City status in the United Kingdom, city status in England. It is the Old town, historic centre of London, though it forms only a small part of the larger Greater London metropolis. The City of London had a population of 8,583 at the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census, however over 500,000 people were employed in the area as of 2019. It has an area of , the source of the nickname ''the Square Mile''. The City is a unique local authority area governed by the City of London Corporation, which is led by the Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor of the City of London. Together with Canary Wharf and the West End of London, West End, the City of London forms the primary central business district of London, which is one of the leading financial centres of the world. The Bank of England and the London Stock Exchange are both ba ...
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Horizon 22
22 Bishopsgate is a commercial skyscraper in London, England. Completed in 2020, it occupies a prominent site in Bishopsgate, in the City of London financial district, and stands tall with 62 storeys. The project replaces an earlier plan for a tower named The Pinnacle, on which construction was started in 2008 but suspended in 2012 following the Great Recession, with only the concrete core of the first seven storeys completed. The structure was later subjected to a re-design, out of which it became known by its postal address, 22 Bishopsgate. It is the second tallest building in the United Kingdom and the seventeenth tallest building in Europe. Under the original plans, The Pinnacle was to become the second-tallest building in both the United Kingdom and the European Union after The Shard, also in London. The Economic Development Corporation of Saudi Arabia and its development manager, Arab Investments, which largely funded the construction, invested £500 million in it in re ...
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Glasgow Herald
''The Herald'' is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. ''The Herald'' is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from ''The Glasgow Herald'' in 1992. Following the closure of the ''Sunday Herald'', the ''Herald on Sunday'' was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018. History Founding The newspaper was founded by an Edinburgh-born printer called John Mennons in January 1783 as a weekly publication called the ''Glasgow Advertiser''. Mennons' first edition had a global scoop: news of the treaties of Versailles reached Mennons via the Lord Provost of Glasgow just as he was putting the paper together. War had ended with the American colonies, he revealed. ''The Herald'', therefore, is as old as the United States of America, give or take an hour or two. The story was, however, only carried on the back page. Mennons, using the larger of two fonts available to him, put it in th ...
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Bank And Royal Exchange C1974 - Geograph
A bank is a financial institution that accepts Deposit account, deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. As banks play an important role in financial stability and the economy of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a high degree of Bank regulation, regulation over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as fractional-reserve banking, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure accounting liquidity, liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, the Basel Accords. Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but, in many ways, functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts o ...
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Westminster Bank, London
The Gibson Hall is a Grade I listed building at 13 Bishopsgate in the City of London. Previously known as National Westminster Hall, the building is named after its architect, John Gibson. Built of Portland stone in the classical style with engaged Corinthian columns, the building was commissioned as a new head office by the directors of the National Provincial Bank of England and completed in 1865. Opening in 1866, there were only 4 arched bays and just seven figures stood atop. The additional two-bay extension and rooftop figures, Shipbuilding and Mining, were added in 1878, relocating the figure for London so that it remained at the corner of the then newly extended building. The exterior elevation features eight panels of allegorical scenes in high relief representing the achievements of mankind: the Arts, Commerce, Science, Manufactures, Agriculture, Navigation, Shipbuilding and Mining. Standing figures along the roof line represent various important cities in which the ...
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John Gibson (architect)
John Gibson (2 June 1817 – 23 December 1892) was an English architect born at Castle Bromwich, Warwickshire. Life Gibson was an assistant to Sir Charles Barry and assisted him in the drawings of the Houses of Parliament. Gibson was a prominent bank architect at a time when joint-stock banking was an innovation. His 1847 National Bank of Scotland branch in Glasgow led to perhaps his best-known work, the former National Provincial Bank in Bishopsgate, London, designed in 1862. It was listed Grade I in 1950 and is now known as Gibson Hall. Gibson also designed Todmorden Town Hall which opened in 1875, and St. Mary's church in Bersham which opened in January 1876. He also designed Dobroyd Castle in Todmorden and Todmorden Unitarian Church. Gibson is responsible for several churches in and around North Wales, but perhaps his most notable church is St Margaret's in Bodelwyddan, Denbighshire, more popularly known as the Marble Church, Bodelwyddan, consecrated in 1860. The chur ...
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Bishopsgate
Bishopsgate was one of the eastern gates in London's former defensive wall. The gate's name is traditionally attributed to Earconwald, who was Bishop of London in the 7th century. It was first built in Roman times and marked the beginning of Ermine Street, the ancient road running from London to York (Eboracum). The gate was rebuilt twice in the 15th and 18th centuries, but was permanently demolished in 1760. Bishopsgate gave its name to the Bishopsgate Ward of the City of London. The ward is traditionally divided into Bishopsgate Within, inside the line of the former wall, and Bishopsgate Without beyond it. Bishopsgate Without is described as part of London's East End. The ancient boundaries of the City wards were reviewed in 1994 and 2013, so that the wards no longer correspond very closely to their historic extents. Bishopsgate Without gained a significant part of Shoreditch from the London Borough of Hackney, while nearly all of Bishopsgate Within was transferred to ot ...
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National Provincial Bank
National Provincial Bank was a retail bank which operated in England and Wales. It was created in 1833 as National Provincial Bank of England, and expanded largely by taking over a number of other banks. Following the transformative acquisition of the Union Bank of London in 1918, it changed its name to National Provincial and Union Bank of England, then in 1924 shortened its name again to National Provincial Bank. It further acquired Coutts Bank in 1920, Grindlays Bank in 1924, Isle of Man Bank in 1961, District Bank in 1962, thus becoming one of the "Big Five" that dominated the UK banking sector for much of the 20th century, together with Barclays Bank, Lloyds Bank, Midland Bank and Westminster Bank. On , it completed its merger with Westminster Bank to form National Westminster Bank. For most of its history, National Provincial Bank was headquartered in London on Bishopsgate, at junction with Threadneedle Street. History Origins and early growth Prior to the Country ...
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Tower 42 Top Massing Model
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures. Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building. Etymology Old English ''torr'' is from Latin ''turris'' via Old French ''tor''. The Latin term together with Greek τύρσις was loaned from a pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language, ...
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Nathan Kirsh
Nathan "Natie" Kirsh (born 6 January 1932) is a Swazi and South African billionaire businessman and philanthropist. He heads the Kirsh Group, which holds a majority stake in New York state cash and carry operation Jetro Holdings, owner of Restaurant Depot and Jetro Cash & Carry. The Group also has investments in Australia, Eswatini, the UK, the US, and Israel. He lives in Eswatini, and has residency in the UK and the US. ''Forbes'' estimated his wealth at US$7.3 billion in April 2025. He was also listed on the UK’s Sunday Times Rich List 2018, and the wealthiest person in Eswatini by ''Forbes''. Early life and education Nathan "Natie" Kirsh was born on 6 January 1932 to Jewish parents who immigrated to South Africa from Lithuania, and he grew up in Potchefstroom. He later matriculated from Potchefstroom Boys High, in 1949. He encountered little antisemitism in Potchefstroom: “It was a very comfortable and good environment to grow up in.” He also joined the Labor Zionis ...
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Cantilever
A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is unsupported at one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like other structural elements, a cantilever can be formed as a beam, plate, truss, or slab. When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment. Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without additional support. In bridges, towers, and buildings Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in cantilever bridges and balconies (see corbel). In cantilever bridges, the cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a central section. The Forth Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss bridge. A cantilever in a traditionally timber framed building is called a jetty or forebay. In the sou ...
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