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Toshiba 4S
The Toshiba 4S (Super Safe, Small and Simple) is a micro sodium-cooled nuclear fission reactor design. General description The plant design is developed by a partnership that includes Toshiba and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) of Japan. The technical specifications of the 4S reactor are unique in the nuclear industry. The actual reactor would be located in a sealed, cylindrical vault 30 m (98 ft) underground, while the building above ground would be 22×16×11 m (72×52.5×36 ft) in size. Two 4S reactor systems have been designed, one with an electrical output of 10 MW and a 30-years non-refueling core, and one with an electrical output of 50 MW with a 10-years-between-refuelings core. The 4S is a fast neutron sodium reactor. It uses neutron reflector panels around the perimeter to maintain neutron density. These reflector panels replace complicated control rods, yet keep the ability to shut down the nuclear reaction ...
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Micro Nuclear Reactor
The small modular reactor (SMR) is a class of small nuclear fission reactor, designed to be built in a factory, shipped to operational sites for installation, and then used to power buildings or other commercial operations. The term SMR refers to the size, capacity and modular construction. Reactor type and the nuclear processes may vary. Of the many SMR designs, the pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the most common. However, recently proposed SMR designs include generation IV, thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors, molten salt, and gas-cooled reactor models. Commercial SMRs have been designed to deliver an electrical power output as low as 5 MWe (electric) and up to 300 MWe per module. SMRs may also be designed purely for desalinization or facility heating rather than electricity. These SMRs are measured in megawatts thermal MWt. Many SMR designs rely on a modular system, allowing customers to simply add modules to achieve a desired electrical output. Small react ...
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Allison Macfarlane
Allison M. Macfarlane directs the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs at the University of British Columbia. She is the former director of the Institute for International Science and Technology Policy at George Washington University, where she was Professor of Science Policy and International Affairs. She is the 14th and former chairman of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) from July 9, 2012, to December 31, 2014. Early life Macfarlane was educated at the University of Rochester, where she earned B.Sc. in Geological Sciences in 1987. At Massachusetts Institute of Technology she earned a Ph.D. in Geology in 1992. She held fellowships at Radcliffe College, Harvard University, Stanford University, and MIT. Career She was assistant professor of earth science and international affairs at Georgia Tech from 2003-4. Macfarlane was also an associate professor of environmental science and policy at George Mason University. While at GMU, Macfarlane was a member ...
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Traveling Wave Reactor
A traveling-wave reactor (TWR) is a proposed type of nuclear fission reactor that can convert fertile material into usable fuel through nuclear transmutation, in tandem with the burnup of fissile material. TWRs differ from other kinds of fast-neutron and breeder reactors in their ability to use fuel efficiently without uranium enrichment or reprocessing, instead directly using depleted uranium, natural uranium, thorium, spent fuel removed from light water reactors, or some combination of these materials. The concept is still in the development stage and no TWRs have ever been built. The name refers to the fact that fission remains confined to a boundary zone in the reactor core that slowly advances over time. TWRs could theoretically run self-sustained for decades without refueling or removing spent fuel. History Traveling-wave reactors were first proposed in the 1950s and have been studied intermittently. The concept of a reactor that could breed its own fuel inside the reac ...
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B&W MPower
The B&W mPower was a proposed small modular reactor designed by Babcock & Wilcox, and to be built by Generation mPower LLC, a joint venture of Babcock & Wilcox and Bechtel. It was a Generation III+ integral pressurized water reactor (light water reactor) concept. In March 2017, Bechtel withdrew from the joint venture and the project was terminated. History The reactor was unveiled by Babcock & Wilcox in June 2009. In July 2010, Babcock & Wilcox announced a formal alliance with Bechtel called Generation mPower LLC. At the same time, Babcock & Wilcox announced that it would build a test facility for the mPower reactor design at the Center for Advanced Engineering and Research in Bedford County, Virginia. In April 2011, Babcock & Wilcox received a $5 million grant from thVirginia Tobacco Indemnificationand Community Revitalisation Commission for this test facility. In June 2011 Generation mPower signed a letter of intent with the Tennessee Valley Authority for constructing up to s ...
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Hyperion Power Generation
Gen4 Energy, Inc. (formerly Hyperion Power Generation, Inc.Hyperion Power Generation Inc. Announces Change of Company Name to Gen4 Energy, Inc.
13 March 2012, BusinessWire
) was a privately held formed to construct and sell several designs of relatively small (70  MW thermal, 25 MW electric) s, which they claimed would be
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NuScale
NuScale Power Corporation is a publicly traded American company that designs and markets small modular reactors (SMRs). It is headquartered in Tigard, Oregon. The company's VOYGR power plant, which uses 50 MWe modules and scales to 12 modules (600 MWe), was the first SMR to be certified by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (2022). The newer 77 MWe module designs, known as the VOYGR-4 (308 MWe) and VOYGR-6 (462 MWe), were submitted for NRC review on January 1, 2023, and approved May 29, 2025. NuScale is now seeking NRC approval for their 12-module, VOYGR-12. The SMR is also scalable, offering up to 924 MWe. NuScale Power Modules are surrounded by a diameter by tall reactor vessel that relies on conventional cooling methods. The modules run on low enriched uranium fuel assemblies based on existing light water reactor designs. For a 12-module configuration, the modules are stored individually in submerged storage wells on the floor of a shared 75-foot deep, 10-million-ga ...
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CAREM
CAREM () is a small modular reactor for electrical power generation under construction since 2014, near the city of Zárate, in the northern part of Buenos Aires province beside the Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant. Design The reactor was integrally designed by CNEA (National Atomic Energy Commission), being the first power reactor designed by the country. It is basically a simplified pressurized water reactor (PWR) designed to have an electrical output of 25MW for the first prototype, 100MW in the following one. It is an integral reactor – the coolant system is inside the reactor vessel – so that the entire plant operates at the same pressure. This design minimizes the risk of loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA). Its fuel is uranium oxide with a enrichment of 3.4% that needs to be replaced annually. The primary coolant system uses natural circulation, so there are no pumps required, which provides inherent safety against core meltdown, even in accident situations. History ...
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NuScale Power
NuScale Power Corporation is a publicly traded American company that designs and markets small modular reactors (SMRs). It is headquartered in Tigard, Oregon. The company's VOYGR power plant, which uses 50 MWe modules and scales to 12 modules (600 MWe), was the first SMR to be certified by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (2022). The newer 77 MWe module designs, known as the VOYGR-4 (308 MWe) and VOYGR-6 (462 MWe), were submitted for NRC review on January 1, 2023, and approved May 29, 2025. NuScale is now seeking NRC approval for their 12-module, VOYGR-12. The SMR is also scalable, offering up to 924 MWe. NuScale Power Modules are surrounded by a diameter by tall reactor vessel that relies on conventional cooling methods. The modules run on low enriched uranium fuel assemblies based on existing light water reactor designs. For a 12-module configuration, the modules are stored individually in submerged storage wells on the floor of a shared 75-foot deep, 10-million-ga ...
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Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America
''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'' (often abbreviated ''PNAS'' or ''PNAS USA'') is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 9.4. ''PNAS'' is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. In the past, ''PNAS'' has been described variously as "prestigious", "sedate", "renowned" and "high impact". ''PNAS'' is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee ( hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, ''PNAS'' has been online-only, although print issues are available ...
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Rodney C
Rodney may refer to: People * Rodney (name) * Rodney (wrestler), American professional wrestler Places ;Australia * Electoral district of Rodney, a former electoral district in Victoria * Rodney County, Queensland ;Canada * Rodney, Ontario, a village located within the township of West Elgin, Ontario ;New Zealand * Rodney District, a former territorial local authority district * Rodney (local board area), a local government area ** Rodney Local Board, an Auckland Council local board ** Rodney Ward, an Auckland Council ward * Rodney (New Zealand electorate), an electoral district containing most of Rodney District ;United States * Rodney, Iowa * Rodney, Mississippi, a former city * Rodney, Ohio * Rodney, Oklahoma, a ghost town * Rodney, Wisconsin, a ghost town * Rodney Village, Delaware * Rodney Scout Reservation Delmarva Council, Northeast, Maryland Other uses * Rodney (TV series), ''Rodney'' (TV series) * Rodney boat, a type of boat used for fishing & shore transport in Newfoundl ...
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Galena Nuclear Power Plant
The Galena Nuclear Power Plant was a proposed nuclear power plant to be constructed in the Yukon River village of Galena, Alaska. If it had been built in the projected timeframe, it would have been the first non-military nuclear power plant built in Alaska to be utilized for public utility generation. In April 2008, Marvin Yoder, a consultant on the project, said that Toshiba was planning to make the application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 2009, and that if approval had been given in 2010 or 2011, the reactor could have been operational by 2012 or 2013. The company was also developing a 50 megawatt (electric) version of the reactor. The plan had been to build a 10-megawatt Toshiba 4S reactor that would have been buried underground, and fuel would have powered the reactor for 30 years. According to Dennis Witmer, an energy consultant with the Center for Energy and Power at the University of Alaska Fairbanks The University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF or Alaska) is a publi ...
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Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor
A sodium-cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium. The initials SFR in particular refer to two Generation IV reactor proposals, one based on existing liquid metal cooled reactor (LMFR) technology using mixed oxide fuel (MOX), and one based on the metal-fueled integral fast reactor. Several sodium-cooled fast reactors have been built and some are in current operation, particularly in Russia. Others are in planning or under construction. For example, in the US, TerraPower (using its Traveling Wave technology) is building its own reactors along with molten salt energy storage in partnership with GEHitachi's PRISM integral fast reactor design, under the ''Natrium'' appellation in Kemmerer, Wyoming. Aside from the Russian experience, Japan, India, China, France and the USA are investing in the technology. Fuel cycle The nuclear fuel cycle employs a full actinide recycle with two major options: One is an intermediate-size (150–600 MWe) sodium-cooled ...
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