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Torrile
Torrile (Parmigiano: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about northwest of Bologna and about north of Parma. Torrile borders the following municipalities: Colorno, Mezzani, Parma Parma (; ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, Giuseppe Verdi, music, art, prosciutto (ham), Parmesan, cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,986 inhabitants as of 2025, ..., Sissa Trecasali. Main sights In the ''comune'' is the ''pieve'' of Gainago, known from 1144 and dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It houses 13th-century frescoes with a ''Deposition'', ''Saint'' and ''Madonna with Child''. Another sight is the ''Torre'' ("Tower") from which the commune takes its name, located in the ''frazione'' of Gainago. The patrician Villa Balduino-Serra is home to a large garden and park. Economy The town is home to Erreà, which is one of the leading sportsw ...
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Erreà
Erreà () is a sports equipment supplier from Italy. Erreà was the first Italian sportswear company to be accredited with the Oeko-tex standard certification, which assures that garments textiles are free from harmful chemicals. Background Established in 1988, Erreà's world headquarters are in San Polo di Torrile, just outside Parma. It was founded by Angelo Gandolfi, who remains president today. Erreà entered the English football market in 1994, signing a deal with then Premier League side Middlesbrough that lasted for many years. Erreà were the kit manufacturer for Burnley Football Club from the 2005/06 championship season through to their first promotion to the Premier League in 2009/10. The company also signed a deal to supply Norwich City with equipment in 2011. It celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2013 with the presentation of its key footballing clients' shirts for the next season. Parma, Atalanta, Norwich City, Brighton, Blackpool, Rayo Vallecano, Numancia, A ...
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Province Of Parma
The province of Parma () is a Provinces of Italy, province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its largest town and capital is the city of Parma. It is made up of 47 ''comuni'' (: ''comune''). It has an area of and a total population of around 450,000. The province is bordered by the province of Reggio Emilia to the east, the Province of Piacenza, Piacenza to the west, Lombardy's provinces of Province of Cremona, Cremona and Province of Mantua, Mantua to the north and by Liguria's provinces of Province of La Spezia, La Spezia and Province of Genoa, Genoa and Tuscany's Province of Massa-Carrara to the south. History In 1861, Provinces of Italy, Italian provinces were established on the French republican model. Italian Fascism saw the end of elections in the province of Parma in the 1920s until the end of the Second World War. Geography The province is divided into three zones from north to south: the ''pianura'' (plains), the ''collina'' (hills) and the ''montagna'' (mo ...
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Colorno
Colorno ( Parmigiano: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Parma, within the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is located about northwest of Bologna and approximately north of Parma. Colorno borders the following municipalities: Casalmaggiore, Gussola, Martignana di Po, Mezzani, Sissa Trecasali, and Torrile. History The history of Colorno begins around the year 1004 A.D., when the town is mentioned in a document that established the ownership of some properties of the bishopric of Parma. After the sale of property in favour of the municipality of Parma, Colorno is remembered as one of the few towns that resisted the advance of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in 1247, when he led a campaign in order to punish the city of Parma for its infidelity. During the 14th and the 15th century the castle of Colorno and its surroundings were ruled by the House of Terzi, a noble family from Parma. In 1458 Francesco I Sforza, Duke of Milan, awarded the feud of Colo ...
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Mezzani
Mezzani ( or , ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Parma in the Italy, Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about northwest of Bologna and about northeast of Parma. The principal centres of the municipality are Casale, Mezzano Rondani, Mezzano Inferiore, Mezzano Superiore, whereas Bocca d’Enza, Ghiare Bonvisi, Valle are only hamlets. Mezzani borders the following municipalities: Brescello, Casalmaggiore, Colorno, Parma, Sorbolo, Torrile, Viadana, Lombardy, Viadana. Geography Mezzani lies on the northeastern end of the province of Parma, in the middle of Po valley and borders with three provinces: province of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, province of Mantua, Mantua, province of Cremona, Cremona. Located on the right shore of the Po River, the municipal territory is crossed by others watercourses too: the torrent Parma River, Parma on the west, that flows into Po near Mezzano Superiore, the torrent Enza that follows for some kilometres the eastern border wit ...
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Pieve
In Italy in the Middle Ages, a ''pieve'' (, ; ; : ''pievi'') was a rural church with a baptistery, upon which other churches without baptisteries depended. ''Pieve'' is also an Italian and Corsican term signifying the medieval ecclesiastical/administrative territory of its the mother church. It has thus become a common component of both place names and of the names of churches. The Italian language, Italian word is descended from Latin ''Plebeians, plebs'' which, after the expansion of Christianity in Italy, was applied to the community of baptized people. Many ''pievi'' began to appear in the 5th century, as Christianity expanded in the rural areas outside the main cities. In the 9th-10th centuries, they were often designed with bell towers. Churches in Italy Churches in Italy described as a pieve include: * Pieve di Sant'Andrea in Buggiano, Province of Pistioa, Tuscany * Pieve di Sant'Andrea (Pistoia), in Pistoia, Province of Pistioa, Tuscany Places in Italy

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Emilia-Romagna
Emilia-Romagna (, , both , ; or ; ) is an Regions of Italy, administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia (region), Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has an area of , and a population of 4.4 million. Emilia-Romagna is one of the wealthiest and most developed regions in Europe, with the third highest gross domestic product per capita in Italy. It is also a cultural center, being the home of the University of Bologna, the oldest university in the world. Some of its cities, such as Modena, Parma, Ferrara, and Ravenna, are UNESCO heritage sites. It is a center for food and automobile production (such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Maserati). It has coastal resorts such as Cervia, Cesenatico, and Rimini. In 2018, the Lonely Planet guide named Emilia-Romagna as the best place to see in Europe. Etymology The name ''Emilia-Romagna'' is a legacy of Ancient Rome. ''Emilia'' derives from the ''via Aemilia'', the Roman road connecting Pia ...
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National Institute Of Statistics (Italy)
The Italian National Institute of Statistics (; Istat) is the primary source of official statistics in Italy. The institute conducts a variety of activities, including the census of population, economic censuses, and numerous social, economic, and environmental surveys and analyses. Istat is the largest producer of statistical information in Italy and is actively involved in the European Statistical System, which is overseen by Eurostat. History The Italian National Institute of Statistics () was established by Legislative decree no. 1162 on 9 July, 1926, as the Central Institute of Statistics () in order to replace the General Statistics Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forests (Italy), Ministry of Agriculture. Corrado Gini was established as the first director of the institute, under the authority of the head of state. The institute, with a staff of about 170 workers, was charged with publishing the data of the 6th general population census, gener ...
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Parmigiano Dialect
The Parmigiano dialect, sometimes anglicized as the Parmesan dialect, (''al djalètt pramzàn'') is a variety of the Emilian language spoken in the Province of Parma, the western-central portion of the Emilia-Romagna administrative region. Terminology The term ''dialetto'', usually translated as ''dialect'' in English, is commonly used in reference to all local Romance languages native to Italy, many of which are not mutually intelligible with Standard Italian and all of which have developed from Vulgar Latin independently. Parmigiano is no exception and is a variety of Emilian, not of Italian. Classification Parmigiano is a dialect of Emilian, which is identified as "seriously endangered" by UNESCO. Emilian is part of the Gallo-Italic family, which also includes Romagnol, Piedmontese, Ligurian, and Lombard. Among these, Ligurian in particular has influenced Parmigiano. History Parmigiano has much of the history as Emilian, but at some point, it diverged from other ...
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Comune
A (; : , ) is an administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions () and provinces (). The can also have the City status in Italy, title of (). Formed according to the principles consolidated in Medieval commune, medieval municipalities, the is provided for by article 114 of the Constitution of Italy. It can be divided into , which in turn may have limited power due to special elective assemblies. In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a is officially called a in French. Overview The provides essential public services: Civil registry, registry of births and deaths, registry of deeds, and maintenance of local roads and public works. Many have a (), which is responsible for public order duties. The also deal with the definition and compliance with the (), a document that regulates the building activity within the communal area. All communal structures ...
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Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land border, as well as List of islands of Italy, nearly 800 islands, notably Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares land borders with France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the north; Slovenia to the east; and the two enclaves of Vatican City and San Marino. It is the List of European countries by area, tenth-largest country in Europe by area, covering , and the third-most populous member state of the European Union, with nearly 59 million inhabitants. Italy's capital and List of cities in Italy, largest city is Rome; other major cities include Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, and Venice. The history of Italy goes back to numerous List of ancient peoples of Italy, Italic peoples—notably including the ancient Romans, ...
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Bologna
Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its Metropolitan City of Bologna, metropolitan province is home to more than 1 million people. Bologna is most famous for being the home to the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest university in continuous operation,Top Universities
''World University Rankings'' Retrieved 6 January 2010
Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f.de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde

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Parma
Parma (; ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, Giuseppe Verdi, music, art, prosciutto (ham), Parmesan, cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,986 inhabitants as of 2025, Parma is the second most populous city in Emilia-Romagna after Bologna, the region's capital. The city is home to the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world. Parma is divided into two parts by the Parma (river), stream of the same name. The district on the west side of the river is ''Oltretorrente'', meaning ''The other side of the stream''. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called ''Parma (shield), Parma''. History Prehistory Parma was already a built-up area in the Bronze Age. In the current position of the city rose a Terramare culture, terramare. The "terramare" (marl earth) were ancient villages built of wood on piles according to a defined scheme and squared form; c ...
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