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Torre Do Tombo
The Torre do Tombo National Archive (), commonly known simply as the Torre do Tombo (; literally "Tower of the Wiktionary:tome, Tome") is the national archive of Portugal, located in Lisbon. Established in 1378, it is one of the oldest archival institutions in the world. History The archive is one of the oldest institutions in Portugal, since its installation in one of the towers of the Castle of São Jorge, castle in Lisbon, occurring during the reign of Ferdinand I of Portugal, Ferdinand I, and likely in 1378 (the date where the first testimony originated). The archive served as the King's and nobilities' reference, with documents supporting the administration of the kingdom and overseas territories, and documenting the relationships between the State and foreign kingdoms. This institution was maintained by the Royal Keeper, an office sometimes paired with the post of Chief Chronicler of the Kingdom of Portugal, Chief Chronicler of the Kingdom. The first known Royal Keeper was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avenue (landscape)
In landscaping, an avenue (from the French language, French), alameda (from the Portuguese language, Portuguese and Spanish language, Spanish), or allée (from the French), is a straight path or road with a line of trees or large shrubs running along each side, which is used, as its Latin source ''venire'' ("to come") indicates, to emphasize the "coming to," or ''arrival'' at a landscape or architecture, architectural feature. In most cases, the trees planted in an avenue will be all of the same species or cultivar, so as to give uniform appearance along the full length of the avenue. The French term ''allée'' is used for avenues planted in parks and landscape gardens, as well as boulevards such as the Grande Allée in Quebec City, Canada, and Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin. History The avenue is one of the oldest implements in the history of gardens. An Avenue of Sphinxes still leads to the tomb of the pharaoh Hatshepsut. Avenues similarly defined by guardian stone lions lead to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5 October 1910 Revolution
5 October 1910 Revolution () was the overthrow of the centuries-old List of Portuguese monarchs, Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic. It was the result of a ''coup d'état'' organized by the Portuguese Republican Party. By 1910, the Kingdom of Portugal was in deep crisis: national anger over the 1890 British Ultimatum, the royal family's expenses, the Lisbon Regicide, assassination of the King and his heir in 1908, changing religious and social views, instability of the two political parties (Progressive Party (Portugal), Progressive and Regenerator Party, Regenerator), the dictatorship of João Franco, and the regime's apparent inability to adapt to modern times all led to widespread resentment against the Monarchy. The proponents of the republic, particularly the Republican Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation. The Republican Party presented itself as the only one with a programme capable of regaining Portugal's lost status ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letter Of Pero Vaz De Caminha
In his letter to Manuel I of Portugal, Pero Vaz de Caminha gives what is considered by many today as being one of the most accurate accounts of what Brazil used to look like in 1500. ''" ..Esse arvoredo, que é tanto, tamanho, tão basto e de tantas prumagens, que homens as não podem contar."'', which roughly translates as "Such vastness of the enormous treeline, with abundant foliage, that is incalculable", is one of Pero's most famous descriptions. He describes in a diary from the first journey from Portugal to Brazil and their arrival in this country. This letter is considered to be the first document of Brazilian history as much as its first literary text. The original of this 27-page document can be found in the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo Arquivo may refer to: *Portuguese and Spanish word for archive *''Arquivo (album)'', an album by Os Paralamas do Sucesso *An album by Yahoo (band), Yahoo {{Dab ..., Lisbon. Context Manuel I ascended the throne at a time when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apocalypse Of Lorvão
''The Apocalypse of Lorvão'' is an illuminated manuscript from Lorvão, Portugal containing the ''Commentary on the Apocalypse'' of Beatus of Liébana, Beatus of Santo Toribio de Liébana, Liébana Monastery, Spain. It is currently kept at the Torre do Tombo National Archive in Lisbon. History This is a well-dated manuscript whose origin is identified through its colophon (publishing), colophon, which indicates that it was completed in 1189 in the scriptorium of the Lorvão monastery in the present municipality of Penacova, near Coimbra. It was signed by the scribe Egeas, who might also be the author of illustrations. It remained preserved in the abbey until the nineteenth century, including while the monastery changed denomination in 1205 and hosted a Cistercian community.Notice du ministère de la Culture espagnol The historian Alexandre Herculano discovered the manuscript in the library of the monastery in 1853 and transferred it to the national archives of Portugal in Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Fortresses
The Book of Fortresses (Portuguese: ''Livro das Fortalezas'') is a sixteenth-century manuscript written in 1509–1510 by the Royal Clerk Duarte De Armas, Duarte de Armas at the behest King Manuel I of Portugal. The work contains drawings of all the 56 Castles in Portugal, Portuguese border castles, all of which have been personally visited by the author. The book is considered to be a valuable source for the study of cartography and military architecture of the kingdom of Portugal. History King Manuel I of Portugal, Manuel I (1495–1521) conducted extensive work to centralize and modernize the government of Portugal. Among the most important reforms, there are the Manueline Ordinances and called Reading Nova, the reform of the charters which resulted in 596 new charters throughout the kingdom. In another field, the monarch decreed the execution of the Armoury-Mor of the Book of Sintra room and the Book of Nobility and Perfeiçam Weapons, to regulate the use of heraldic arms in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PIDE
The International and State Defense Police (; PIDE) was a Portuguese security agency that existed during the '' Estado Novo'' regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. Formally, the main roles of the PIDE were the border, immigration and emigration control and internal and external state security. Over time, it came to be known for its secret police activities. The agency that would later become the PIDE was established by the Decree-Law 22992 of August 1933, as the State Surveillance and Defense Police (Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado) or PVDE. It resulted from the merger of two former agencies, the Portuguese International Police and the Political and Social Defense Police. PVDE was founded by Captain Agostinho Lourenço, who in 1956 would become the president of Interpol. The PVDE was transformed into the PIDE in 1945. PIDE was itself transformed into the Directorate-General of Security or DGS in 1968. After the 25 April 1974 Carnation Revolution, DGS was disban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal Bull
A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal bulls have been in use at least since the 6th century, but the phrase was not used until around the end of the 13th century, and then only internally for unofficial administrative purposes. However, it had become official by the 15th century, when one of the offices of the Apostolic Chancery was named the "register of bulls" ("''registrum bullarum''"). By the accession of Pope Leo IX in 1048, a clear distinction developed between two classes of bulls of greater and less solemnity. The majority of the "great bulls" now in existence are in the nature of confirmations of property or charters of protection accorded to monasteries and religious institutions. In an era when there was much fabrication of such documents, those who procured bulls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gargoyle
In architecture, and specifically Gothic architecture, a gargoyle () is a carved or formed Grotesque (architecture), grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing it from running down masonry walls and eroding the Mortar (masonry), mortar between. Architects often used multiple gargoyles on a building to divide the flow of rainwater off the roof to minimize potential damage from rainstorms. A trough is cut in the back of the gargoyle and rainwater typically exits through the open mouth. Gargoyles are usually elongated fantastical animals because their length determines how far water is directed from the wall. When Gothic art, Gothic flying buttresses were used, aqueduct (watercourse), aqueducts were sometimes cut into the buttress to divert water over the aisle walls. Etymology The term originates from the French language, French ''gargouille'' (Old French ''gargoule'' (1294) "conduit for waterflow"), com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Of The Republic (Portugal)
The Assembly of the Republic (, ), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (), is the Unicameralism, unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority. It meets in São Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes Gerais, Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974). Powers and duties of the Assembly The Assembly of the Republic's powers derive from its ability to dismiss a government through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend the Constitution of Portugal, constitution (which requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Bento Palace
The São Bento Palace () is the seat of the Assembly of the Republic, the parliament of Portugal. It is located in the Estrela district of Lisbon. The building has been home to the succession of Portuguese national parliaments since 1834. São Bento Mansion, the official residence of the Prime Minister of Portugal, is within the grounds of São Bento Palace. The building was originally a monastery of the Benedictine Order. Construction began in 1598 and was nearing completion when the building was damaged by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Monasteries in Portugal were dissolved in 1834 and São Bento became national property. The building was repurposed as the meeting place of the Cortes Gerais, the parliament of the new constitutional monarchy of Portugal. The building was modified to suit its new purpose. The former chapter house of the monks was remodelled into a meeting chamber in 1867, which remains in use today. A major fire in 1895 led to more extensive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebastião José De Carvalho E Melo, 1st Marquis Of Pombal
Dom (honorific), D. Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal and 1st Count of Oeiras (13 May 1699 – 8 May 1782), known as the Marquis of Pombal ( ), was a Portuguese statesman and diplomat who Despotism, despotically ruled the Portuguese Empire from 1750 to 1777 as chief minister to King Joseph I of Portugal, Joseph I. A strong advocate for Absolute monarchy, absolutism, and influenced by some of the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, Pombal led Portugal's recovery from the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and reformed the kingdom's administrative, economic, and ecclesiastical institutions. During his lengthy ministerial career, Pombal accumulated and exercised autocracy, autocratic power, curtailing individual liberties, suppressing political opposition, and fostering the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil. His cruel persecution of the Jesuits and Portuguese lower classes led him to be known as Nero of Trafaria, after a village he ordered to be burned with all its inhabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
