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Torpedospora Ambispinosa
Torpedosporaceae is a monotypic family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood and roots, bark leaves, and sand in various marine habitats. Genera The Torpedosporaceae family only contains the one genus, ''Torpedospora'' (with the following 3 species); * '' Torpedospora ambispinosa'' * '' Torpedospora mangrovei'' * '' Torpedospora radiata'' Note, former genus and species ''Glomerulispora mangrovei'' = ''Torpedospora mangrovei'' In 2022, ''Torpedospora yanbuensis'' was published, but as of September 2023, it had not yet been generally accepted. History In an attempt to clarify the phylogeny of the genera '' Swampomyces'' and ''Torpedospora'' , Sakayaroj et al. (2005) recognised a distinct lineage of marine Ascomycota within the class Sordariomycetes, that was then named TBM (''Torpedospora/ Bertia/ Melanospora'') clade (Schoch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertia (fungus)
''Bertia'' is a genus of fungi within the Bertiaceae family, and Hypocreomycetidae subclass. Sakayaroj et al. (2005) recognised a distinct lineage of marine Ascomycota within the class Sordariomycetes, that was then named TBM (''Torpedospora''/''Bertia''/'' Melanospora'') clade. ''Melanospora'' was later placed in order Melanosporales and ''Torpedospora'' in order Torpedosporales. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Bertia antennaroidea'' *'' Bertia aparaphysata'' *'' Bertia australis'' *'' Bertia biseptata'' *'' Bertia clusiae'' *'' Bertia convolutispora'' *'' Bertia didyma'' *'' Bertia fructicola'' *''Bertia gigantospora'' *'' Bertia hainanensis'' *'' Bertia haloxyli'' *'' Bertia italica'' *'' Bertia latispora'' *'' Bertia macrospora'' *'' Bertia massei'' *'' Bertia moriformis'' *'' Bertia ngongensis'' *'' Bertia novoguineensis'' *'' Bertia orbis'' *'' Bertia oxyspora'' *'' Bertia pulneyensis'' *'' Bertia puttemansii'' *'' Bertia querceti'' *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphae
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 μm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospores
In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse division of fungi. After two parental nuclei fuse, the ascus undergoes meiosis (halving of genetic material) followed by a mitosis (cell division), ordinarily producing eight genetically distinct haploid spores; most yeasts stop at four ascospores, whereas some moulds carry out extra post-meiotic divisions to yield dozens. Many asci build internal pressure and shoot their spores clear of the calm thin layer of still air enveloping the fruit body, whereas subterranean truffles depend on animals for dispersal. Development shapes both form and endurance of ascospores. A hook-shaped crozier aligns the paired nuclei; a double-membrane system then parcels each daughter nucleus, and successive wall layers of β-glucan, chitosan and lineage-specific armour envelop the incipient spores. The finished walls—smooth, ridged, spiny or g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes. The singular form of the word is paraphysis. In certain fungi, they are part of the fertile spore-bearing layer. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated to be called cystidia A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are o ..., which are specialized, swollen, often protruding cells. The tips of paraphyses may contain the pigments which colour the hymenium. In ferns and mosses, they are filament-like structures that are found on sporangi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from , and . Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ..., ''hyaline'' denotes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body (sporocarp (fungi), sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded ascus, asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Incertae Sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is indicated by (of uncertain family), (of uncertain suborder), (of uncertain order) and similar terms. Examples * The fossil plant ''Paradinandra, Paradinandra suecica'' could not be assigned to any family, but was placed ''incertae sedis'' within the order Ericales when described in 2001. * The fossil ''Gluteus minimus (fossil), Gluteus minimus'', described in 1975, could not be assigned to any known animal phylum. The genus is therefore ''incertae sedis'' within the kingdom Animalia. * While it was unclear to which order the New World vultures (family Cathartidae) should be assigned, they were placed in Aves ''incertae sedis''. It was later agreed to place them in a separate order, Cathartiformes. * Boc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LSU RRNA
Large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rRNA) is the largest of the two major RNA components of the ribosome Ribosomes () are molecular machine, macromolecular machines, found within all cell (biology), cells, that perform Translation (biology), biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order s .... Associated with a number of ribosomal proteins, the LSU rRNA forms the large subunit of the ribosome. The LSU rRNA acts as a ribozyme, catalyzing peptide bond formation. Characteristics Use in phylogenetics LSU rRNA sequences are widely used for working out evolutionary relationships among organisms, since they are of ancient origin and are found in all known forms of life. See also * SSU rRNA: the small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid. References {{ribosome subunits Ribosomal RNA Protein biosynthesis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SSU RRNA
Small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) is the smaller of the two major RNA components of the ribosome. Associated with a number of ribosomal proteins, the SSU rRNA forms the small subunit of the ribosome. It is encoded by SSU- rDNA. Characteristics Use in phylogenetics SSU rRNA sequences are widely used for determining evolutionary relationships among organisms, since they are of ancient origin and are found in all known forms of life. See also *LSU rRNA Large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rRNA) is the largest of the two major RNA components of the ribosome Ribosomes () are molecular machine, macromolecular machines, found within all cell (biology), cells, that perform Translation (b ...: the large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid. References {{Ribosome subunits Ribosomal RNA Protein biosynthesis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falcocladiales
''Falcocladium'' is a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family Falcocladiaceae , and within the monotypic order Falcocladiales , within the class Dothideomycetes. They are saprobic on leaf litter, including the leaves of ''Eucalyptus grandis'' and ''Eucalyptus camaldulensis'' in tropical and terrestrial habitats. History Silveira and co-workers (in Crous et al. 1994) erected the new anamorph genus ''Falcocladium'' , with ''Falcocladium multivesiculatum'' , which was isolated from Eucalyptus leaf litter collected in Brazil, as the type species. It was later compared to other Brazilian found genera; '' Cylindrodendrum'', '' Pulvinotrichum'' and '' Unicegra'' which also had similar characteristics but due to the falcate (sickle-shaped) conidia. It was declared as a new genera. Etymology; it was named as ''Falcocladium'', after its falcate shaped conidia. The ''Falcocladium'' genus was characterized by having thick-walled, non septate (non-walled) stipe extensions that terminate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
