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Top Of The Mont Blanc
The so-called Top of the Mont Blanc is a collection piece on display in the Oval Room of Teylers Museum. The specimen was cut off from the highest findable piece of exposed rock of the Rocher de la Tournette, high on the snow covered summit ridge of the Mont Blanc on 3 August 1787, during one of the first climbs of the mountain by the Swiss scientific pioneer Horace Bénédict de Saussure.Website of the Teylers Museum on the top of the Mont Blanc The climb The climb was the second known to reach the top of Mont Blanc after and |
Descent From Mont-Blanc In 1787
Descent may refer to: As a noun Genealogy and inheritance * Common descent, concept in evolutionary biology * Kinship, one of the major concepts of cultural anthropology **Pedigree chart or family tree **Ancestry **Lineal descendant **Heritage **Royal descent - lineal descent from a monarch *Phylogenetics ** Tree diagram (other) *Inheritance (law and property) Mathematics * Infinite descent, a method going back to Fermat to solve Diophantine equations * Descent (mathematics), an idea extending the notion of "gluing" in topology * Hadamard's method of descent, a technique for solving partial differential equations * Gradient descent, a first-order optimization algorithm going back to Newton * Descents in permutations, a classical permutation statistic in combinatorics Other uses *Descent (aeronautics), the decrease of an aircraft in altitude during flight *Descent (font), the distance that a typeface descends below the baseline in typography *Katabasis As a proper name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011): Minerals'; p. 1. In the series ''Geology: Landforms, Minerals, and Rocks''. Rosen Publishing Group. The Geology, geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms. However, some minerals are often biogenic (such as calcite) or organic compounds in the sense of chemistry (such as mellite). Moreover, living organisms often synthesize inorganic minerals (such as hydroxylapatite) that also occur in rocks. The concept of mineral is distinct from rock (geology), rock, which is any bulk solid geologic material that is relatively homogeneous at a large enough scale. A rock may consist of one type of mineral or may be an aggregate (geology), aggregate of two or more different types of minerals, spaci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountains Of The Alps
This page tabulates only the most prominent mountains of the Alps, selected for having a topographic prominence of ''at least'' , all exceeding in height. Although the list contains 537 summits, some significant alpine mountains are necessarily excluded for failing to meet the stringent prominence criterion. The list of these most prominent mountains is continued down to 2500 m elevation at List of prominent mountains of the Alps (2500–2999 m) and down to 2000 m elevation on List of prominent mountains of the Alps (2000–2499 m). All such mountains are located in France, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany or Slovenia, even in some lower regions. Together, these lists include all 44 ultra-prominent peaks of the Alps, with 19 ultras over 3000m on this page. For a definitive list of all 82 of the highest peaks of the Alps, as identified by the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA), and often referred to as the 'Alpine four-thousanders' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Geology
The history of geology is concerned with the development of the natural science of geology. Geology is the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth. Antiquity In the year 540 BC, Xenophanes described fossil fish and shells found in deposits on mountains. Similar fossils were noted by Herodotus (about 490 BC). Some of the first geological thoughts were about the history of Earth, origin of the Earth. Ancient Greece developed some primary geological concepts concerning the origin of the Earth. Additionally, in the 4th century BC Aristotle made critical observations of the slow rate of geological change. He observed the composition of the land and formulated a theory where the Earth changes at a slow rate and that these changes cannot be observed during one person's lifetime. Aristotle developed one of the first evidence-based concepts connected to the geological realm regarding the rate at which the Earth physically changes. However, it was his suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granite
Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies underground. It is common in the continental crust of Earth, where it is found in igneous intrusions. These range in size from dike (geology), dikes only a few centimeters across to batholiths exposed over hundreds of square kilometers. Granite is typical of a larger family of ''granitic rocks'', or ''granitoids'', that are composed mostly of coarse-grained quartz and feldspars in varying proportions. These rocks are classified by the relative percentages of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase (the QAPF diagram, QAPF classification), with true granite representing granitic rocks rich in quartz and alkali feldspar. Most granitic rocks also contain mica or amphibole minerals, though a few (known as leucogranites) conta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biotite
Biotite is a common group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula . It is primarily a solid-solution series between the iron- endmember annite, and the magnesium-endmember phlogopite; more aluminous end-members include siderophyllite and eastonite. Biotite was regarded as a mineral ''species'' by the International Mineralogical Association until 1998, when its status was changed to a mineral ''group''. The term ''biotite'' is still used to describe unanalysed dark micas in the field. Biotite was named by J.F.L. Hausmann in 1847 in honor of the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot, who performed early research into the many optical properties of mica. Members of the biotite group are sheet silicates. Iron, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen form sheets that are weakly bound together by potassium ions. The term "iron mica" is sometimes used for iron-rich biotite, but the term also refers to a flaky micace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore De Saussure
Theodore may refer to: Places * Theodore, Australian Capital Territory, Australia * Theodore, Queensland, Australia * Theodore, Saskatchewan, Canada * Theodore, Alabama, United States * Theodore Reservoir, in Saskatchewan People * Theodore (given name), including a list of people with the name ** Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States **Grand Wizzard Theodore, American musician and DJ * Theodore (surname), including a list of people with the name Fictional characters * T-Bag (''Prison Break'') (Theodore Bagwell), in ''Prison Break'' * T-Dog (''The Walking Dead'') (Theodore Douglas), in ''The Walking Dead'' * Theodore Huxtable, in ''The Cosby Show'' * Theodore, in ''Alvin and the Chipmunks'' * Theodore Grambell, or CatNap, in video game ''Poppy Playtime'' * Theodore "The Roach" Roachmont, from Supernoobs Other uses * Theodore (horse), a British Thoroughbred racehorse * Theodore Racing, a Formula One constructor See also * Theodoros, or Theodorus * Principality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamonix
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (; ; (no longer in use)), more commonly known simply as Chamonix (), is a communes of France, commune in the departments of France, department in the regions of France, region in Southeastern France. It was the site of the first Winter Olympic Games, Winter Olympics, held in 1924 Winter Olympics, 1924. Chamonix is situated in the French Alps just north of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Western Europe. Between the peaks of the and the notable , it borders both Switzerland and Italy. It is one of the oldest ski resorts in France, popular with alpinists and mountain enthusiasts. Via Vallée Blanche Cable Car, the cable car lift to the Aiguille du Midi it is possible to access the backcountry skiing, off-piste ski run of the ('white valley'). Name The name Campum munitum, meaning fortified plain or field, had been used as early as 1091. By 1283 the name had been abbreviated to a similar form to the modern Chamonis. Other forms through the ages include Cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles François Exchaquet
Charles-François Exchaquet born 6 December 1746 in Court in the canton of Berne and died in 1792 in Servoz in Savoie, was a Swiss engineer, cartographer and mountaineer. Biography In 1781 he became director of the smelting works of Servoz, responsible for the mineral and metallurgical operations. In 1787, he was the first tourist to cross the Col du Géant, the mountain saddle between the Tour Ronde and the Dent du Géant, from Chamonix in the Arve Valley to Courmayeur in Val d'Aosta. Since the same year he manufactured and sold relief maps of the Mont-Blanc Massif and the Saint-Gotthard Massif The Gotthard Massif or Saint-Gotthard Massif ( or ; ; ) is a mountain range in the Alps in Switzerland, located at the border of four cantons: Valais, Ticino, Uri and Graubünden. It is delimited by the Nufenen Pass on the west, by the Furka .... Bibliography * L. Seylaz, « Un émule de H. B. de Saussure: C.-F. Exchaquet rchive», in ''Les Alpes'', 11, 1935, pages 187-195 * L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maquette
A ''maquette'' is a scale model or rough draft of an unfinished sculpture or work of architecture. The term is a loanword from French. An equivalent term is ''bozzetto'', a diminutive of the Italian word for a sketch. Sculpture A maquette is used to visualize and test forms and ideas without incurring the expense and effort of producing a full-scale piece. It is the analogue of the Painting, painter's Cartoon#Fine art, cartoon, ''modello'', oil sketch, or Sketch (drawing), drawn sketch. For commissioned works, especially monumental public sculptures, a maquette may be used to show the client how the finished work will relate to its proposed site. The term may also refer to a prototype for a video game, film, or other media. ''Modello'', unlike the other terms, is also used for sketches for two-dimensional works such as paintings. Like oil sketches, these models by highly regarded artists can become as desirable as their completed works, as they show the process of developing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martinus Van Marum
Martin(us) van Marum (; 20 March 1750 – 26 December 1837) was a Dutch physician, inventor, scientist and teacher, who studied medicine and philosophy in Groningen. Van Marum introduced modern chemistry in the Netherlands after the theories of Antoine Lavoisier, and several scientific applications for general use. He became famous for his demonstrations with instruments, most notable the large electricity machine, to show statical electricity and chemical experiments while curator for the Teylers Museum. He researched on the validity of Boyle's law on gases other than air. He found that ammonium gas deviated from Boyle's law with increasing pressure, and it liquified at 7 atm. With this, he was the first to liquify ammonium. Biography Early career Born in Delft, Van Marum moved to Haarlem in 1776 "because the Haarlemmers had more taste in the sciences than anywhere else in the Netherlands"''.'' After his arrival in Haarlem he began to practise medicine, but devoted himself ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geology
Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure. Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation. Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages. By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole. One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics, the ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
