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Toner (skin Care)
In cosmetics, skin toner or simply toner refers to a water-based lotion, Herbal tonic, tonic, or wash designed to cleanse the skin and prepare it for other skincare products, such as moisturizers and serums. Typically used on the face, toners remove any remaining impurities after cleansing, balance the skin’s pH, and hydrate the skin. They also serve to protect and refresh the skin, often containing ingredients that can soothe, moisturize, exfoliate, or target specific skin concerns like oil control or pore minimization. Toners are typically categorized by their function and intensity into types such as skin bracers, tonics, acid toners, and astringents. Toners can be applied to the skin in different ways: * On a cotton round or ball. (This is the most frequently used method.) * Spraying onto the face. * By applying a tonic gauze facial mask—a piece of gauze is covered with toner and left on the face for a few minutes. History and development The use of toners in skinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamonde Rose Water Toner
Mamonde (Hangul: 마몽드) is a South Korean skincare and cosmetics brand owned by Amore Pacific. Mamonde was launched by Amore Pacific in 1991. The brand name comes from ''Ma Monde'' which is a combination of the words ''My'' and ''World'' in French language, French. History The South Korean cosmetics company Amorepacific Corporation, Amore Pacific created Mamonde in 1991. In 2005, Mamonde was launched in China. By July 2013, its products were sold at 900 department stores and over 2,500 cosmetics stores in 270 cities in China. In July 2013, Mamonde opened its flagship store in Myeong-dong and launched in Thailand. Mamonde opened its first store in the United States in 2015, in Malaysia in 2016, and in Singapore in 2017. Products Mamonde has a wide range of makeup and skin care products. They use flowers such as camellia, Nelumbo nucifera, lotus and jasmine as ingredients for their products. Their products include the Age control ultra repair cream, Advanced Self Control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evaporating
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. A high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation, such as when humidity affects rate of evaporation of water. When the molecules of the liquid collide, they transfer energy to each other based on how they collide. When a molecule near the surface absorbs enough energy to overcome the vapor pressure, it will escape and enter the surrounding air as a gas. When evaporation occurs, the energy removed from the vaporized liquid will reduce the temperature of the liquid, resulting in evaporative cooling. On average, only a fraction of the molecules in a liquid have enough heat energy to escape from the liquid. The evaporation will continue until an equilibrium is reached when the evaporation of the liquid is equal to its condensation. In an enclosed environment, a liquid will evaporate until the surrounding air ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitamin C
Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits, berries and vegetables. It is also a generic prescription medication and in some countries is sold as a non-prescription dietary supplement. As a therapy, it is used to prevent and treat scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. It also functions as an antioxidant. Vitamin C may be taken by mouth or by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Various health claims exist on the basis that moderate vitamin C deficiency increases disease risk, such as for the common cold, cancer or COVID-19. There are also claims of benefits from vitamin C supplementation in excess of the recommended d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH. A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a active metabolite, metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen. The name is from Latin for willow tree, from which it was initially identified and derived. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Uses Medicine Salicylic acid as a medication is commonly used to remove the outermost layer of the skin. As such, it is used to treat warts, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, ringworm, dandruff, and ichthyosis. Similar to other hydroxy acids, salicylic acid is an ingredient in many skincare products for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, calluses, Corn (medicine), corns, keratosis pilaris, acanthosis nigricans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycolic Acid
Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula ) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystal, crystalline solid, highly solubility, soluble in water. It is used in various skin care, skin-care products. Glycolic acid is widespread in nature. A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a Salt (chemistry), salt or ester of glycolic acid. History The name "glycolic acid" was coined in 1848 by French chemist Auguste Laurent (1807–1853). He proposed that the amino acid glycine—which was then called ''glycocolle''—might be the amine of a hypothetical acid, which he called "glycolic acid" (''acide glycolique''). Glycolic acid was first prepared in 1851 by German chemist Adolph Strecker (1822–1871) and Russian chemist Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov (1826–1877). They produced it by treating hippuric acid with nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide to form an ester of benzoic acid and glycolic acid (), which they called "benzoglycolic acid" (''Benzoglykolsäure''; also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta Hydroxy Acids
A beta hydroxy carboxylic acid or β-hydroxy carboxylic acid (BHA) is a carboxylic acid containing a hydroxy functional group separated by ''two'' carbon atoms. They are related to alpha hydroxy acids, in which the two functional groups are separated by only ''one'' carbon atom. Reactions Upon dehydration, beta-hydroxy acids yield an alpha-beta unsaturated acid. Compared to their non-hydroxylated counterpart, beta hydroxy carboxylic acids are stronger, although weaker than the alpha hydroxy acids. Due to the larger distance, the intramolecular hydrogen bridge is less easily formed compared to the alpha hydroxy acids. The table summarizes some values on the propionic series. {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! p''K''a , - , Propanoic acid , , 4.87Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC press, 58th edition page D150-151 (1977) , - , α-Hydroxypropionic acid , , 3.86Dawson, R. M. C. ''et al''., ''Data for Biochemical Research'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959. , - , β-Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
Alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, or α-hydroxy carboxylic acids (AHAs), are a group of carboxylic acids featuring a hydroxy group located ''one'' carbon atom away from the acid group. This structural aspect distinguishes them from beta hydroxy acids, where the functional groups are separated by ''two'' carbon atoms. Notable AHAs include glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, and citric acid. α-Hydroxy acids are Strong acids, stronger acids compared to their non-alpha hydroxy counterparts, a property enhanced by internal hydrogen bonding. AHAs serve a dual purpose: industrially, they are utilized as additives in animal feed and as precursors for polymer synthesis. In cosmetics, they are commonly used for their ability to chemically exfoliate the skin. Occurrence Aldonic acids, a type of sugar acid, are a class of naturally occurring hydroxycarboxylic acids. They have the general chemical formula, HO2C(CHOH)''n''CH2OH. Gluconic acid, a particularly common aldonic acid, the oxidi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid (; abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans as it is non-sulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi apparatus, and can be very large: human synovial HA averages about per molecule, or about 20,000 disaccharide monomers, while other sources mention . Medically, hyaluronic acid is used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee and dry eye, for wound repair, and as a cosmetic filler. The average 70 kg (150 lb) person has roughly 15 grams of hyaluronan in the body, one third of which is turned over (i.e., degraded and synthesized) per day. As one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, it contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and is involved in the progression of many malignant tumors. Hyaluronic acid is also a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inflammation
Inflammation (from ) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. The five cardinal signs are heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function (Latin ''calor'', ''dolor'', ''rubor'', ''tumor'', and ''functio laesa''). Inflammation is a generic response, and therefore is considered a mechanism of innate immunity, whereas adaptive immunity is specific to each pathogen. Inflammation is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out damaged cells and tissues, and initiate tissue repair. Too little inflammation could lead to progressive tissue destruction by the harmful stimulus (e.g. bacteria) and compromise the survival of the organism. However inflammation can also have negative effects. Too much inflammation, in the form of chronic inflammation, is associated with variou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witch Hazel
Witch-hazels or witch hazels (''Hamamelis'') are a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with three species in North America ('' H. ovalis'', '' H. virginiana'', and '' H. vernalis''), and one each in Japan ('' H. japonica'') and China ('' H. mollis''). The North American species are occasionally called winterbloom. Description The witch-hazels are deciduous shrubs or (rarely) small trees growing to 3 to 7.5 m tall, even more rarely to 12 m tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, oval, 5 to 15 cm long, and 2.5 to 10 cm wide, with a smooth or wavy margin. The genus name, ''Hamamelis'', means "together with fruit", referring to the simultaneous occurrence of flowers with the maturing fruit from the previous year. ''H. virginiana'' blooms in September–November while the other species bloom from January–March. Each flower has four slender strap-shaped petals 1 to 2 cm long, pale to dark yellow, orange, or red. The fruit is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta Hydroxy Acid
A beta hydroxy carboxylic acid or β-hydroxy carboxylic acid (BHA) is a carboxylic acid containing a hydroxy functional group separated by ''two'' carbon atoms. They are related to alpha hydroxy acids, in which the two functional groups are separated by only ''one'' carbon atom. Reactions Upon dehydration, beta-hydroxy acids yield an alpha-beta unsaturated acid. Compared to their non-hydroxylated counterpart, beta hydroxy carboxylic acids are stronger, although weaker than the alpha hydroxy acids. Due to the larger distance, the intramolecular hydrogen bridge is less easily formed compared to the alpha hydroxy acids. The table summarizes some values on the propionic series. {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! p''K''a , - , Propanoic acid , , 4.87Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC press, 58th edition page D150-151 (1977) , - , α-Hydroxypropionic acid , , 3.86Dawson, R. M. C. ''et al''., ''Data for Biochemical Research'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959. , - , β-Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha Hydroxy Acid
Alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, or α-hydroxy carboxylic acids (AHAs), are a group of carboxylic acids featuring a hydroxy group located ''one'' carbon atom away from the acid group. This structural aspect distinguishes them from beta hydroxy acids, where the functional groups are separated by ''two'' carbon atoms. Notable AHAs include glycolic acid, lactic acid, mandelic acid, and citric acid. α-Hydroxy acids are stronger acids compared to their non-alpha hydroxy counterparts, a property enhanced by internal hydrogen bonding. AHAs serve a dual purpose: industrially, they are utilized as additives in animal feed and as precursors for polymer synthesis. In cosmetics, they are commonly used for their ability to chemically exfoliate the skin. Occurrence Aldonic acids, a type of sugar acid, are a class of naturally occurring hydroxycarboxylic acids. They have the general chemical formula, HO2C(CHOH)''n''CH2OH. Gluconic acid, a particularly common aldonic acid, the oxidized deriv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
