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Tondo (historical Polity)
Tondo (; Baybayin: , Kapampangan language, Kapampangan: Balayan ning Tundo), sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Tondo, was a Tagalog and Kapampangan settlement which served as a major trade hub located on the northern part of the List of islands in the Greater Manila Area, Pasig River delta on Luzon Island. Together with Maynila (historical polity), Maynila, the polity (''bayan'') that was also situated on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, Tondo had established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods throughout the rest of the Philippine archipelago, making it an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. Tondo is of particular interest to Filipino historians and historiography, historiographers because it is one of the oldest historically documented settlements in the Philippines. Scholars generally agree that it was mentioned in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the Philippines' oldest extant locally produced written document, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient History
Ancient history is a time period from the History of writing, beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian language, Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500, ending with the Early Muslim conquests, expansion of Islam in late antiquity. The three-age system periodises ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages vary between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was Exponential growth, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attack Of Limahong
The Battle of Manila (1574) (; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Labanan sa Maynila ng 1574'') was a battle in the Manila area mainly in the location of what is now Parañaque, between Chinese and Japanese pirates, led by Limahong, and the Spanish colonial forces and their native allies. The battle occurred on November 29, 1574, when Limahong's fleet landed in the town of Parañaque and from there, began to assault the fortifications of Intramuros. Initially, the inhabitants were disorganized, and Limahong's forces routed them. Furthermore, the Chinese killed the ''maestre de campo'' of the Spanish, Martin de Goiti. This caused them to delay their assault on Manila as Martin de Goiti's house was an obstacle in their march. Limahong's forces laid siege to Manila until a force led by Juan de Salcedo of fifty Spanish musketeers broke the siege. Having been defeated at Manila, Limahong retreated and abandoned his plans to invade Manila and instead settled in Pangasinan. A year later, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dayang Kalangitan
Dayang Kalangitan (Baybayin: ᜃᜎᜅᜒᜆᜈ᜔ , Filipino orthography, Abecedario: ''Cálan͠gúitán'') is a legendary figure in History of the Philippines (900-1521), early Philippine history who was said to be ''Filipino styles and honorifics#Female Royal / noble titles, Dayang'' of the pre-colonial Greater India, Indianized polity of Pasig River, Pasig. She co-ruled Pasig with her husband, Rajah Lontok, Gat Lontok. She is one of the very few known female leaders in precolonial Philippine history. Life She was mentioned in the Will of Fernando Malang Balagtas (1589). Dayang Kalangitan was married to ''Gat (title), Gat'' Lontok. Together with her husband, Kalangitan ruled over the area around the Pasig River. Throughout her life, she had four children, who were Panginoan, Lahat, Rajah Salalila, Salalila of Maynila and Kahiya. Her daughter Dayang Panginoan was married to Prince Balagtas, the son of Empress Sasanban of Namayan, Sapa. Her son, Rajah Salalila, Salalila succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gat Lontok
Gat Lontok (Baybayin: ), more commonly spelled as ''Lontoc'', is a legendary figure in early Philippine history who was the ruler of Pasig along with his wife Dayang Kalangitan. According to the Will of Fernando Malang Balagtas (1589), he was described to be the son of Principal Araw and Maylak, who ruled Pasig beforehand. He had four children with Kalangitan, who were Panginoan, Salalila, Lahat and Kahiya. Salalila later became the father of Lakandula, Rajah Matanda and Ladiamora, while Panginoan married Prince Balagtas. See also * History of the Philippines *Tondo (historical polity) *Maynila (historical polity) Maynila, also known commonly as Manila, was a major Islamic Tagalog '' bayan'' ("country" or "city-state") situated along the modern-day district of Intramuros in the city of Manila, at the southern bank of the Pasig River.Abinales, Patric ... References {{India-related topics in Philippines Filipino paramount rulers Filipino datus, rajas and sulta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senapati
Senapati ( , ''sena'' meaning "army", ''Pati (title), pati'' meaning "lord") is a title in ancient India denoting the rank of general (military), General. It was a hereditary title of nobility used in the Maratha Empire. During wartime, a ''Sardar Senapati'' or ''Sarsenapati'' (also colloquially termed ''Sarnaubat'') functioned as the Commander-in-Chief of all Maratha Army, Maratha armies, coordinating the commands of the various ''Sardars'' in battle. Ranking under the heir-apparent crown prince (yuvaraja) and other hereditary princes (rajkumar), the title ''Senapati'' most closely resembles a United Kingdom, British Duke or Germans, German ''Herzog'' in rank and function. On occasion, the title Mahasenapati (Sanskrit: महा ''maha-'' meaning "great") was granted; this equates to Field marshal, Field Marshal, and closely resembles a Grand Duke or a German ''Großherzog''. Unlike ''Sardar'', ''Senapati'' is a primogeniture hereditary title that is passed on to the eldest so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jayadewa
Jayadewa or Jayadeva (Sanskrit: जयदेव; full title: Dang Hwan Nāyaka tuhan Pailah Jayadewa) was the name of the Senapati of Tundun and the Lord of Pailah at the time that the Laguna Copperplate Inscription was written in . According to the document, he served as the "Commander in Chief" () who pardoned the descendants of an individual named Namwaran of his debts. Although no other records describe his life and works, Jayadewa is an important figure in Philippine historiography because he is one of the persons clearly identified in the LCI, which is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines. Personal life He married Dayang Bukah, as in exchange to clear the debit of 1 ''kati'' and 8 ''suwarnas'' of Bukah's parents which is Namwaran and Dayang Angkatan. "On this occasion, Lady Angkatan, and her brother, Buka, the children of the Honourable Namwaran, were awarded a complete pardon from the Overall Leader ingof Tundún, represented by the Lord Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakan
In History of the Philippines (900–1521), early Philippine history, the Filipino styles and honorifics, rank of ''lakan'' denoted a "paramount ruler" (or more specifically, "''paramount datu''") of one of the large coastal barangays (known as a "bayan") on the central and southern regions of the island of Luzon. Overview The ''lakan'' was democratically selected by other ruling datus from among themselves to serve as their "''pangulo''" (head). Writers such as William Henry Scott (historian), William Henry Scott have suggested that this rank is equivalent to that of rajah, and that different ethnic groups either used one term or the other, or used the two words interchangeably.Scott, William Henry, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994. But other writers such as Nick Joaquin have suggested that the usage of the term "rajah" specifically indicates leadership of a bayan or barangay which has extensive tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Religious Beliefs Of The Tagalog People
Tagalog religion mainly consists of Tagalog Austronesian religious elements, supplemented with other elements later obtained from Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Islam. It was contemporaneously referred to by Spanish priests as ''tagalismo'' (i.e., "Tagalism"). Many Tagalog religious rites and beliefs persist today as Tagalog Philippine syncretisms on Christianity and Islam. Tagalog religion was well documented by Spanish Catholic missionaries, mostly in epistolary accounts (''relaciones'') and entries in various dictionaries compiled by missionary priests. Anitos: Ancestral Spirits of the Ancient Tagalogs The ancient Tagalogs believed in anitos, the spirits or souls of their ancestors. They honored and worshipped them in daily life especially the spirits of parents and grandparents who had passed away. These ancestor spirits were often represented by small idols kept in homes, sometimes made from gold and shaped like animals, such as crocodiles. Anitos weren't only from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maginoo
The Tagalog ''maginoo'', the Kapampangan ''ginu'', and the Visayan ''tumao'' were the nobility social class among various cultures of the pre-colonial Philippines. Among the Visayans, the ''tumao'' were further distinguished from the immediate royal families, the ''kadatuan''. Tagalog The Pilipino had a three-class social structure consisting of the ''maginoo'' (royalty), the '' maharlika'' (''lit.'' freemen; warrior nobility), and the '' alipin'' ( serfs and slaves). Only those who could claim royal descent were included in the ''maginoo'' class. Their prominence depended on the fame of their ancestors (''bansag'') or their wealth and bravery in battle (''lingas''). Generally, the closer a ''maginoo'' lineage was to the royal founder (''puno'') of a lineage (''lalad''), the higher their status. Members of the ''maginoo'' class were referred to as ''Ginoo''. Proper names of the ''maginoo'' nobles were preceded by '' Gat'' (short for " pamagat" or "pamegat", originally meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Esoteric Buddhism
Buddhism is a minor religion in the Philippines. A recent nation-wide census in 2020 showed that the number of Buddhists in the country was at 39,158 adherents out of the 112.2 million Philippine population or roughly 0.03% of the national population, the lowest in Southeast Asia. This is much lower to what was initially estimated by a presenter at the United Nations in 2016, where it was initially thought to be at 2%. Buddhism is practiced by native Filipinos, Filipinos of Indian descent and by Filipinos of Chinese descent. The number of Buddhists in the country has been dwindling due to the lack or no significant presence of Buddhist missionary works where the teachings of the Buddha are translated and taught to the native regional languages. Unlike Christian missionaries which have expanded in the country further, Buddhist missionaries tend to be lax and less assertive, thus ineffective. Because of the lack of Buddhist missionaries, Filipinos who would like to convert t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinduism
Hinduism () is an Hypernymy and hyponymy, umbrella term for a range of Indian religions, Indian List of religions and spiritual traditions#Indian religions, religious and spiritual traditions (Sampradaya, ''sampradaya''s) that are unified by adherence to the concept of ''dharma'', a Ṛta, cosmic order maintained by its followers through rituals and righteous living, as expounded in the Vedas. The word ''Hindu'' is an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, it has also been described by the modern term ''Sanātana Dharma'' () emphasizing its eternal nature. ''Vaidika Dharma'' () and ''Arya dharma'' are historical endonyms for Hinduism. Hinduism entails diverse systems of thought, marked by a range of shared Glossary of Hinduism terms, concepts that discuss God in Hinduism, theology, Hindu mythology, mythology, among other topics in Hindu texts, textual sources. Hindu texts have been classified into Śruti () and Smṛti (). The major Hin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
