Togolese Party Of Progress
The Togolese Party of Progress (, PTP) was a political party in Togo. History The party was established by Nicolas Grunitzky, Pedro Olympio and Dermane Ayéva in 1946, becoming the second party in Togo.Renate Helm (2004) ''Politische Herrschaft in Togo: das Problem der Demokratisierung'', LIT Verlag Münster, p62 Its formation was encouraged by the French authorities, who were concerned about the anti-French attitude of the Committee of Togolese Unity (CUT). Grunitzky stood as the PTP candidate for the November 1946 French National Assembly elections, but was defeated by Martin Aku of the CUT. In the Representative Assembly elections in December the party won just one of the 24 African seats.Démocratie coloniale et mascarades électorales au Togo
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Nicolas Grunitzky
Nicolas Grunitzky (; 5 April 1913 – 27 September 1969) was the second president of Togo and its third head of state. He was President from 1963 to 1967. Grunitzky was Prime Minister of Togo from 1956 to 1958 under the French Colonial '' loi cadre'' system, which created a limited "national" government in their colonial possessions. He was elected Prime Minister of Togo —still under French administration— in 1956. Following the 1963 coup which killed his nationalist political rival and brother-in-law Sylvanus Olympio, Grunitzky was chosen by the military committee of coup leaders to be Togo's second President. Biography He was born in Atakpamé in 1913 to a German father and a Togolese mother (of Ghanaian royalty). He studied civil engineering at the ESTP in Paris and was a public administrator before leaving to form his own company. He was the secretary-general of the Togolese Party of Progress and was elected into the Togolese Representative Assembly in 1951. Gr ...
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French Togoland Territorial Assembly Election, 1952
Territorial Assembly elections were held in French Togoland on 30 March 1952. The result was a victory for the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North, which won 15 of the 30 seats.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Zweiter Halbband'', p2203 Results Three of the MPs elected on Committee of Togolese Unity (CUT) lists were not party members; one was a trade unionist and two were members of local parties. References {{Togolese elections Elections in Togo Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le ... 1952 in French Togoland March 1952 in Africa ...
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Political Parties Established In 1946
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with decision-making, making decisions in social group, groups, or other forms of power (social and political), power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of Social status, status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other ...
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1946 Establishments In French Togoland
1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th century, and the 7th year of the 1940s decade. Events January * January 6 – The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies of World War II recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four Allied-occupied Austria, occupation zones. * January 10 ** The first meeting of the United Nations is held, at Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London. ** ''Project Diana'' bounces radar waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proves that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the Space Age. * January 11 – Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic ...
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Defunct Political Parties In Togo
Defunct may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the process of becoming antiquated, out of date, old-fashioned, no longer in general use, or no longer useful, or the condition of being in such a state. When used in a biological sense, it means imperfect or rudimentary when comp ...

French Togoland Parliamentary Election, 1958
Parliamentary elections were held in French Togoland on 27 April 1958. The result was a victory for the Party of Togolese Unity, Committee of Togolese Unity, which won 29 of the 46 seats in the National Assembly of Togo, Legislative Assembly. Voter turnout was 64.9%.Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p903 Results Elected MPs References

{{Togolese elections 1958 elections in Africa, French Togoland parliamentary election 1958 in French Togoland, Parliamentary election Elections in Togo April 1958 in Africa, French Togoland parliamentary election ...
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Union Of Chiefs And Peoples Of The North
The Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North (, UCPN) was a political party in Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le .... History The party was established in 1951 as an organisation representing traditional chiefs and notables from northern Togoland,Renate Helm (2004) ''Politische Herrschaft in Togo: das Problem der Demokratisierung'', LIT Verlag Münster, p62 and was allied with the pro-French Togolese Party of Progress (PTP). In the December 1951 Representative Assembly elections it won 12 of the 24 Second College seats.Démocratie coloniale et mascarades électorales au Togo
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French Togoland Territorial Assembly Election, 1955
Territorial Assembly elections were held in French Togoland on 12 June 1955. The Togolese Party of Progress and the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North both won 15 of the 30 seats.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Zweiter Halbband'', p2203 The Committee of Togolese Unity boycotted the elections.Harris M. Lentz (2014) ''Heads of States and Governments Since 1945'', Routledge, p753 Results References {{Togolese elections Elections in Togo Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le ... Assembly election French Togoland Territorial Assembly election ...
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Togolese People's Movement
The Togolese People's Movement (, MPT) was a political party in Togo between 1954 and 1967. History The party was established on 16 August 1954 following a split in the Togolese Party of Progress over the sacking of John Atayi. The MPT received 1.4% of the vote in the 1955 Territorial Assembly elections, failing to win a seat. Its vote share fell to 0.3% in the 1958 elections, again failing to win a seat. Following the 1963 coup, the MPT was one of four to form the Reconciliation and National Union, a single electoral list to contest the elections later that year, with each party holding 14 seats. Its leader Nicolas Grunitzky Nicolas Grunitzky (; 5 April 1913 – 27 September 1969) was the second president of Togo and its third head of state. He was President from 1963 to 1967. Grunitzky was Prime Minister of Togo from 1956 to 1958 under the French Colonial '' loi c ... was the sole presidential candidate.
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French Legislative Election, 1956 (Togo)
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected unopposed.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Zweiter Halbband'', p2202 Results References {{Togolese elections Togo French French elections in Togoland Togoland Togoland, officially the Togoland Protectorate (; ), was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400&nb ...

Pedro Olympio
Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning "son of Peter" (compared with the English surname Peterson) is Pérez in Spanish, Peres in Galician and Portuguese, Pires also in Portuguese, and Peiris in coastal area of Sri Lanka (where it originated from the Portuguese version), with all ultimately meaning "son of Pero". The name Pedro is derived via the Latin word "petra", from the Greek word "η πέτρα" meaning "stone, rock". The name Peter itself is a translation of the Aramaic ''Kephas'' or '' Cephas'' meaning "stone". An alternative archaic variant is Pero. Notable people with the name Pedro include: Monarchs, mononymously *Pedro I of Portugal *Pedro II of Portugal *Pedro III of Portugal *Pedro IV of Portugal, also Pedro I of Brazil *Pedro V of Portugal *Pedro II of Braz ...
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French Legislative Election, 1951 (Togo)
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected with 61% of the vote, defeating the incumbent Martin Aku.Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Dieter Nohlen & Klaus Landfried (1978) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band II: Afrika, Zweiter Halbband'', p2202 The result was a reversal of the November 1946 election, in which Aku defeated Grunitzky. Results References {{Togolese elections Togo French French elections in Togoland Togoland Togoland, officially the Togoland Protectorate (; ), was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400&nb ...