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Timur Khwaja
Timur Khwaja ( fa, , tt-Latn, Timer Xuca) was briefly Khan of the Golden Horde in 1361, having succeeded his father Khiḍr Khan. The forceful Khiḍr Khan, a descendant of Jochi's son Shiban according to the ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah'', asserted himself as ruler of the Golden Horde in June 1360, having eliminated his rival Nawruz Beg. Nevertheless, the new khan's authority was limited by the presumable autonomy of the former beglerbeg Mamai Kiyat in the west, and the renewed autonomy of the former Ulus of Orda in the east, under the local Jochid khan Qara-Noqai. A greater threat proved to be the advance of another Jochid prince, Ordu Malik, on the capital Sarai in 1361. In circumstances that remain obscure, Khiḍr Khan and his son Qutlugh were now murdered by another son of Khiḍr Khan, Timur Khwaja, who seized the throne at Sarai, in August 1361. Timur Khwaja would reign for only a short time, possibly five weeks. Nevertheless, coins were minted in his na ...
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Orda Khan
Orda Ichen ( Mongolian: c. 1206 – 1251) was a Mongol Khan and military strategist who ruled the eastern part of the Golden Horde (division of the Mongol Empire) during the 13th century. First Khan of the White Horde Orda Ichen (-1251 CE) is credited for founding the White Horde; he was the eldest son of Jochi and the first grandson of Genghis Khan. At the death of his father and grandfather, Orda Khan inherited the Eastern portions of his father's lands; while he was the elder, he nevertheless agreed that his younger brother Batu Khan ruled the whole Golden Horde (also known as the Jochid Ulus). This mainly consisted of the territories between Lake Balkhash and the Volga river; it was in these lands that Orda eventually founded the White Horde. West of the Volga river were the lands of his younger brother Batu, who became the first ruler of the Blue Horde and the supreme khan of the Golden Horde. Güyük Khan ordered Temuge Otchigin, who tried to illegally usurp ...
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14th-century Monarchs In Europe
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been eve ...
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Khans Of The Golden Horde
Khan may refer to: *Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan * Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name *Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by various ethnicities **Khagan, an imperial title used by monarchs of various regimes Art and entertainment * Khan (band), an English progressive rock band in the 1970s * ''Khan!'' (TV series), a 1975 American police detective television series * ''Khan'' (serial), a 2017 Pakistani television drama serial *Khan Maykr, the main villain of Doom Eternal, the leader of the heavenly Urdak realm * Khan Noonien Singh, a prominent ''Star Trek'' villain in an original series episode and the principal antagonist in ''Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan'', then later ''Star Trek Into Darkness'' *Citizen Khan, a British sitcom about a British-Indian man, Mr Khan Radio * KHAN (FM), a defunct radio station (99.5 FM) formerly licensed to serve Chugwater, ...
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1361 Deaths
Year 1361 ( MCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 17 – An-Nasir Hasan, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, is killed by one of his own mamluks, Yalbugha al-Umari, who, with the senior Mamluk emirs, has al-Mansur Muhammad installed as the new sultan. * April 13 – The University of Pavia is founded, on the Italian Peninsula. * July 27 – Battle of Visby: King Valdemar IV of Denmark conquers the city of Visby by defeating his peasant army. This allows Lübeck to become the new leading city of the Hanseatic League. * October 10 – Edward, the Black Prince marries Joan of Kent at Windsor Castle. Date unknown * In the Marinid Empire in modern-day Morocco, Abu Salim Ibrahim is overthrown by Abu Umar, who is in turn overthrown by Abu Zayyan. * The Blue Horde descends into anarchy. Between 1361 and 1378, over 20 khans succeed each other in different par ...
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Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr /> Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent) Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , dynasty = Genghisid , regnal name = Genghis Khan () , temple name = Taizu () , posthumous name = Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu () , father = Yesügei , mother = Hoelun , religion = Tengrism , birth_date = , birth_place = Khentii Mountains, Khamag Mongol , death_date = (aged 64–65) , death_place = Xingqing, Western Xia , burial_place = Unknown(presumptively Ikh Khorig, Burkhan Khaldun, Khentii Province) Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; ; xng, Temüjin, script=Latn; ., name=Temujin – August 25, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan ( Emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the noma ...
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Khvandamir
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, commonly known as Khvandamir (also spelled Khwandamir; 1475/6 – 1535/6) was a Persian historian who was active in the Timurid, Safavid and Mughal empires. He is principally known for his Persian universal history, the '' Habib al-siyar'' ("The beloved of careers"), which was regarded by both the Safavids and Mughals as their first official court account. Another notable work by Khvandamir is the ''Qanun-i Humayuni'' ("The regulations of Humayun"), a biography of the Mughal emperor Humayun (), which has important information regarding the early Mughal symbolism of rulership. Khvandamir is buried near the shrine of Nizamuddin Auliya (died 1325) in Delhi, India. Background Khvandamir was the son of Humam al-Din Muhammad, who was the vizier of Sultan Mahmud Mirza (), the ruler of the northern Timurid branch in Transoxiana. However, Khvandamir's family lived in Herat, the capital of the southern Timurids. Khvandamir was tutored by his maternal g ...
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Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment area of «Река Волга»
, Russian State Water Registry
which is more than twice the size of . It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average at delta – between and – and of

Murad (Golden Horde)
Murād Khan ( fa, , tt-Latn, Murad Xan), called ''Amurat'' and ''Murut'' in Russian sources, and sometimes Murīd/Mürid, Burut, and Murdād in eastern sources, was Khan of at least part of the Golden Horde from 1361 to 1363. Origins Murād, or more fully Ḥājjī Murād, was the brother of Khiḍr Khan, the son of Mangqutai, son of Töle Buqa, son of Qadaq, son of Shiban, son of Jochi, and originated from the Ulus of Shiban in the eastern part of the Golden Horde, according to the information of the ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah''. The variant ancestry supplied by some other sources is now considered inaccurate, for example the assertion of Muʿīn-ad-Dīn Naṭanzī (earlier known as the "Anonymous of Iskandar") that Murīd (i.e., Murād) was the son of Orda Shaykh (i.e., Ordu Malik), or Khwandamir, Ötemiš-Ḥājjjī, and one Russian chronicle, making Murād (whom they call Murdād, Burut, and Murut, respectively) the parricide son of Khiḍr Khan. Rise to po ...
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Narovchat, Narovchatsky District, Penza Oblast
Narovchat (russian: Наровча́т, mdf, Норзяд) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Narovchatsky District, Penza Oblast, Russia. Population: Notable residents *Mikhail Frinovsky (1898–1940), deputy head of the NKVD in the years of the Great Purge *Aleksandr Kuprin Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin (russian: link=no, Александр Иванович Куприн;  – 25 August 1938) was a Russian writer best known for his novels ''The Duel'' (1905)Kuprin scholar Nicholas Luker, in his biography ''A ... (1870–1938), writer of novels References Notes See also Mukhsha Sources * * {{Authority control Rural localities in Penza Oblast Narovchatsky Uyezd Narovchatsky District ...
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Sarai (city)
Sarai (also transcribed as ''Saraj'' or ''Saray'', from Persian ''sarāy'', "mansion" or "court") was the name of possibly two cities near the lower Volga, that served successively as the effective capitals of the Golden Horde, a Turco-Mongol kingdom which ruled much of Northwestern Asia and Eastern Europe, in the 13th and 14th centuries. There is considerable disagreement among scholars about the correspondence between specific archaeological sites and the various references to ''Sarāy'', ''Sarāy-i Bātū'' ("the Sarai of Batu"), ''Sarāy-i Barka'' ("the Sarai of Berke"), ''Sarāy al-Jadīd'' ("New Sarai"), and ''Sarāy al-Maḥrūsah'' ("Sarai Blessed y God) in the historical sources. Old Sarai "Old Sarai" was established by the Mongol ruler Batu Khan (1227-1255), as indicated by both occasional references to the "Sarai of Batu" ("Sarai Batu", ''Sarāy-i Bātū'') and an explicit statement of the Franciscan William of Rubruck, who visited Batu in 1253 or 1254, on ...
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Kiyat
A Borjigin, ; ; russian: Борджигин, Bordžigin; English plural: Borjigins or Borjigid (from Middle Mongolian);''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', p. 119. Manchu plural: is a member of the Mongol sub-clan, which started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century.Humphrey & Sneath, p. 27. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and additionally genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Amir Timur Barlas is common throughout Central Asia and other regions. Origin and name The patrilineage began with Blue-grey Wolf (Börte Chino) and Fallow Doe (Gua Maral). According to ''The Secret History of the Mongols'', their 11th generation des ...
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