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Thujaplicins
Thujaplicin (isopropyl cycloheptatrienolone) is any of three isomeric tropolone-related natural products that have been isolated from the softwoods of the trees of ''Cupressaceae'' family. These compounds are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. They were the first natural tropolones to be made synthetically. History Thujaplicins were discovered in the mid-1930s and purified from the heartwood of Thuja plicata, ''Thuja plicata'' Donn ex D. Don, commonly called as Western red cedar tree. These compounds were also identified in the constituents of ''Chamaecyparis obtusa'', another species from the ''Cupressaceae'' family. ''C. obtusa'' is native to East Asian countries including Japan and Taiwan, and is also known as ''Taiwan hinoki'', from which the β-thujaplicin was first isolated in 1936 and received its name, ''hinokitiol''. Thujaplicins were the first natural tropolones to be made synthetically, by Ralph Raphael and colleagues, and the β-th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinokitiol
Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) is a natural monoterpenoid found in the wood of trees in the family Cupressaceae. It is a tropolone derivative and one of the thujaplicins. Hinokitiol is used in oral and skin care products, and is a food additive used in Japan. History Hinokitiol was discovered by a Japanese chemist Tetsuo Nozoe in 1936. It was isolated from the essential oil component of the heartwood of '' Taiwanese hinoki'', from which the compound ultimately adopted its name. Hinokitiol is the first non- benzenoid aromatic compound identified. The compound has a heptagonal molecular structure and was first synthesized by Ralph Raphael in 1951. Due to its iron-chelating activity, hinokitiol has been called an "Iron Man molecule" in the scientific media, which is ironic because Tetsuo is translated into English as "Iron Man". Taiwanese hinoki is native to East Asian countries, particularly to Japan and Taiwan. Hinokitiol has also been found in other trees of the ''Cupressaceae' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thuja Plicata
''Thuja plicata'' is a large evergreen coniferous tree in the family Cupressaceae, native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Its common name is western redcedar in the U.S. or western red cedar in the UK, and it is also called pacific red cedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus ''Cedrus''. ''T. plicata'' is the largest species in the genus ''Thuja'', growing up to tall and in diameter. It mostly grows in areas that experience a mild climate with plentiful rainfall, although it is sometimes present in drier areas on sites where water is available year-round, such as wet valley bottoms and mountain streamsides. The species is shade-tolerant and able to establish in forest understories and is thus considered a climax species. It is a very long-lived tree, with some specimens reaching ages of well over 1,000 years. Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest use the wood of this species for ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heartwood
Wood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere, such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree, it performs a mechanical-support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients among the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, woodchips, or fibers. Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper. More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the production of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropolone
Tropolone is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a pale yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound has been of interest to research chemists because of its unusual electronic structure and its role as a ligand precursor. Although not usually prepared from tropone, it can be viewed as its derivative with a hydroxyl group in the 2-position. Synthesis and reactions Many methods have been described for the synthesis of tropolone. One involves bromination of 1,2-cycloheptanedione with ''N''-bromosuccinimide followed by dehydrohalogenation at elevated temperatures, while another uses acyloin condensation of the ethyl ester of pimelic acid the acyloin again followed by oxidation by bromine. : An alternate route is a +2 cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene with a ketene to give a bicyclo .2.0eptyl structure, followed by hydrolysis and breakage of the fusion bond to give the single ring: : Thy hydroxyl group of tropolone is acidic, having a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ralph Raphael
Ralph Alexander Raphael (1 January 1921 – 27 April 1998) was a British organic chemist, well known for his use of acteylene derivatives in the synthesis of natural products with biological activity. Early life and education Ralph Raphael was born in Croydon, London on New Year's Day 1921, the son of master tailor Jacob ("Jack") Raphael (1889-1978) and his wife, Lily (née Woolf; 1892-1956). He attended secondary school at Wesley College, Dublin and then Tottenham County School, where a chemistry master, Edgar Ware, introduced him to the subject that would become Raphael's lifetime passion. In 1939 he won scholarships to study at Imperial College, graduating BSc with a first-class degree in 1941 and winning the Hofmann Prize for practical chemistry. During the Second World War both the undergraduate and PhD courses at Imperial College were of two year's duration and Raphael completed the latter in 1943. His doctoral work, aimed at the synthesis of vitamin A, was published i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressus Lusitanica
''Hesperocyparis lusitanica'', the Mexican cypress, cedar-of-Goa or Goa cedar, is a species of Cupressaceae, cypress native to Mexico and Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras). It has also been introduced to Belize, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, growing at altitude. The scientific name ''lusitanica'' (of Portugal) refers to its very early cultivation there, with plants imported from Mexico to the monastery at Buçaco Forest, Buçaco, near Coimbra in Portugal in about 1634; these trees were already over 130 years old when the species was botanically described by Philip Miller, Miller in 1768. In Mexico, the tree is also known as ''cedro blanco'' (white cedar) or ''teotlate''. Description ''Hesperocyparis lusitanica'' is an evergreen conifer tree with a conic to ovoid-conic crown, growing to 40 m tall. The foliage grows in dense sprays, dark green to somewhat yellow-green in colour. The leaves are scale-like, 2–5 mm long, and produced on rounded (not flattene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana
''Chamaecyparis lawsoniana'', known as Port Orford cedar or Lawson's cypress, is a species of conifer in the genus ''Chamaecyparis'', family Cupressaceae. It is native to Oregon and northwestern California, and grows from sea level up to in the valleys of the Klamath Mountains, often along streams. Description A large evergreen tree, specimens mature up to tall or more (exceptionally to ), with trunks in diameter, exceptionally . The bark is silver-brown, vertically furrowed, and thick near the base. The foliage is arranged in lacy, flat sprays with a feathery appearance, usually somewhat glaucous (i.e. blue-green) in color. The leaves are scale-like, long, with narrow white markings on the underside, and produced on somewhat flattened shoots. The foliage gives off a rather pungent scent, not unlike parsley. The seed cones are globose, in diameter, with 6–10 scales, green at first, maturing brown in early fall, 6–8 months after pollination. The male cones are long, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaecyparis Taiwanensis
''Chamaecyparis taiwanensis'' (Taiwan cypress; ) is a species of cypress, native to the mountains of Taiwan, where it grows at altitudes of 1300–2800 m.Rushforth, K. (1987). ''Conifers''. Helm . Description It is a slow-growing coniferous tree growing to 40 m tall with a trunk up to 2 m in diameter. The bark is red-brown, vertically fissured and with a stringy texture. The foliage is arranged in flat sprays; adult leaves are scale-like, 0.8–1.5 mm long, with acute tips (unlike the blunt tips of the leaves of the closely related Japanese ''Chamaecyparis obtusa'' (Hinoki Cypress), green above, green below with a white stomatal band at the base of each scale-leaf; they are arranged in opposite decussate pairs on the shoots. The juvenile leaves, found on young seedlings, are needle-like, 4–8 mm long. The cones are globose, smaller than those of ''C. obtusa'', 7–9 mm diameter, with 6–10 scales arranged in opposite pairs, maturing in autumn about 7–8 months ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressus Arizonica
''Hesperocyparis arizonica'', the Arizona cypress, is a North American species of tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native species, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. Populations may be scattered rather than in large, dense stands. Description ''Hesperocyparis arizonica'' is a coniferous evergreen tree with a cone, conic to ovoid-conic crown. It grows to heights of , and its trunk diameter reaches . The foliage grows in dense sprays, varying from dull gray-green to bright glaucous blue-green. The leaves are scale-like, 2–5 mm long, and produced on rounded (not flattened) shoots. The seed conifer cone, cones are globose to oblong, 15–33 mm long, with 6 or 8 (rarely 4 or 10) scales, green at first, maturing gray or gray-brown about 20–24 months after pollination. The cones remain closed for many years, only opening after the bearing branch is killed (in a wildfire or otherwise), allowing the seeds to colonize the bare ground exposed by the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaecyparis Thyoides
''Chamaecyparis thyoides'' (Atlantic white cedar, Atlantic white cypress, southern white cedar, whitecedar, or false-cypress), a species of ''Cupressaceae'', is native to the Atlantic coast of North America and is found from southern Maine to Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and along the Gulf of Mexico coast from Florida to Mississippi. It is one of two species of ''Chamaecyparis'' found in North America. ''C. thyoides'' resides on the East Coast of the United States, East Coast and chamaecyparis lawsoniana, ''C. lawsoniana'' can be found on the West Coast of the United States, West Coast. There are two geographically isolated subspecies, treated by some botanists as distinct species, by others at just variety (biology), varietal rank: ''Chamaecyparis thyoides thyoides'' and ''Chamaecyparis thyoides henryae'' (H.L.Li) E.Murray (syn. ''Chamaecyparis thyoides'' subsp. ''henryae'' (H.L.Li) Little; ''Chamaecyparis henryae'' H.L.Li) The species grows in forested wetlands where they tend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juniperus Cedrus
''Juniperus cedrus'', the Canary Islands juniper, is a species of juniper, native to the western Canary Islands (Tenerife, La Palma, Gran Canaria, Gomera) and Madeira (''J. cedrus'' Webb & Berthel. subsp. ''maderensis'' (Menezes) Rivas Mart ''et al.''), where it occurs at elevations of 500–2400 m. It is closely related to ''Juniperus oxycedrus'' (Prickly Juniper) of the Mediterranean region and '' Juniperus brevifolia'' (Azores Juniper) of the Azores. It is a large shrub or tree growing to a height of 5–20 m (rarely 25 m). The leaves are evergreen, needle-like, in whorls of three, green to glaucous-green, 8–23 mm long and 1–2 mm broad, with a double white stomatal band (split by a green midrib) on the inner surface. It is usually dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The seed cones are berry-like, green ripening in 18 months to orange-red with a variable pink waxy coating; they are spherical, 8–15 mm diameter, and have six fused scales in two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressus Macnabiana
''Hesperocyparis macnabiana'' (MacNab cypress or Shasta cypress) is a species of western cypress in from California that was previously named ''Cupressus macnabiana''. Distribution ''Hesperocyparis macnabiana'' is endemic to northern California. ''Hesperocyparis macnabiana'' is one of the most widely distributed of all the native California cypresses, found growing in chaparral, oak woodlands, and coniferous woodlands habitats along the inner northern California Coast Ranges and the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada. MacNab cypress is often associated with ultramafic soils. Description ''Hesperocyparis macnabiana'' is an evergreen shrub or small tree, (rarely to ) tall, with a spreading crown that is often broader than it is tall. The foliage is produced in dense, short flat sprays (unlike most other California cypresses, which do not have flattened sprays), bright glaucous gray-green, with a strong spicy-resinous scent. The leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
