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Three Deaths
"Three Deaths: A Tale" (russian: Три смерти, Tri smerti) is a short story by Leo Tolstoy first published in 1859. It narrates the deaths of three subjects: a noblewoman, a coachman and a tree. Synopsis Chapter 1 The story begins with a noblewoman named Lady Shirkinskaya and her maid riding in a carriage. The noblewoman, who is suffering from consumption, wears an expression of anger and scorn. The carriage, accompanied by a calèche, stops by a posting-station. The husband of the noblewoman and a doctor step out of the calèche, but the noblewoman refuses to leave her carriage. As the husband and the doctor discuss privately the noblewoman's unfavorable outlook, the posting-master's daughter, Masha, and her friend, Aksusha, run out to look at the Lady Shirkinskaya, vocally noting her sickly appearance. In fear that the noblewoman won't live through the journey, the husband suggests postponing and turning back home. Angrily she responds that they must go abroad for her recov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy 1860
Lev may refer to: Common uses *Bulgarian lev, the currency of Bulgaria *an abbreviation for Leviticus, the third book of the Hebrew Bible and the Torah People and fictional characters *Lev (given name) *Lev (surname) Places *Lev, Azerbaijan, a village *Lev (crater), a tiny lunar crater LEV *Laborious Extra-Orbital Vehicle, a mecha from the video game ''Zone of the Enders'' *Lay eucharistic visitor, an extraordinary minister of Holy Communion approved by a church (usually Episcopalian or Lutheran) to bring Communion to the homebound *Libreria Editrice Vaticana, the Vatican Publishing House *Light electric vehicle, an electric bicycle *Ventilation (architecture)#Local exhaust ventilation, Local exhaust ventilation, the process of "changing" or replacing air to improve indoor air quality *Low emission vehicle, a motor vehicle that emits relatively low levels of motor vehicle emissions *Lunar Excursion Vehicle, an early name for the Apollo Lunar Module *Longevity escape velocity, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Short Story
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a single effect or mood. The short story is one of the oldest types of literature and has existed in the form of legends, Myth, mythic tales, Folklore genre, folk tales, fairy tales, tall tales, fables and anecdotes in various ancient communities around the world. The modern short story developed in the early 19th century. Definition The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella, novella/short novel, authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques. The short story is sometimes referred to as a genre. Determining what exactly defines a short story has been recurrently problematic. A classic de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-reformed Russian. ; ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909; the fact that he never won is a major controversy. Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828, Tolstoy's notable works include the novels '' War and Peace'' (1869) and '' Anna Karenina'' (1878), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, '' Childhood'', '' Boyhood'', and ''Youth'' (1852–1856), and '' Sevastopol Sketches'' (1855), based upon his experiences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noblewoman
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g., precedence), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically hereditary and patrilineal. Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility. There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, but nobility also existed in such regimes as the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), the Republic of Genoa (1005� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coachman
A coachman is an employee who drives a coach or carriage, a horse-drawn vehicle designed for the conveyance of passengers. A coachman has also been called a coachee, coachy, whip, or hackman. The coachman's first concern is to remain in full control of the horses (or other similar animals such as mules) and another employee, traditionally a footman, would accompany the coach to handle any circumstances beyond the coachman's control. Duties "Coachman" is correctly applied to the driver of any type of coach or carriage having an independent seat for the driver. If it is a public transport vehicle the owners might arrange things differently and a coachman may do no more than drive the vehicle. A private coachman reports directly to his employer or the employer's agent or factor and, being in command of the stables, the most important building after the house, is responsible for caring for and providing all the master's horses and carriages and related employees. Where necessary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are some three trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calèche
A barouche is a large, open, four-wheeled carriage, both heavy and luxurious, drawn by two horses. It was fashionable throughout the 19th century. Its body provides seats for four passengers, two back-seat passengers vis-à-vis two behind the coachman's high box-seat. A leather roof can be raised to give back-seat passengers some protection from the weather. Etymology ''Barouche'' is an anglicisation of the German word ''barutsche'', via the Italian ''baroccio'' or ''biroccio'' and ultimately from the ancient Roman Empire's Latin ''birotus'', "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. Development and variations The barouche was based on an earlier style of carriage, the ''calash'' or ''calèche'': this was a light carriage with small wheels, inside seats for four passengers, a separate driver's seat and a folding top. A folding calash top was a feature of two other types: the chaise, a two-wheeled carriage for one or tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serfdom In Russia
The term '' serf'', in the sense of an unfree peasant of tsarist Russia, is the usual English-language translation of () which meant an unfree person who, unlike a slave, historically could be sold only with the land to which they were "attached". Peter I ended slavery in Russia in 1723. Contemporary legal documents, such as '' Russkaya Pravda'' (12th century onwards), distinguished several degrees of feudal dependency of peasants. Serfdom became the dominant form of relation between Russian peasants and nobility in the 17th century. Serfdom most commonly existed in the central and southern areas of the Tsardom of Russia and, from 1721, of the subsequent Russian Empire. Serfdom in Little Russia (parts of today central Ukraine), and other Cossack lands, in the Urals and in Siberia generally occurred rarely until, during the reign of Catherine the Great (r. 1762–1796), it spread to Ukraine; noblemen began to send their serfs into Cossack lands in an attempt to harvest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Tolstoy Bibliography
This is a list of works by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), including his novels, novellas, short stories, fables and parables, plays, and nonfiction. Prose Fiction Novels *'' War and Peace'' (Война и мир 'Voyna i mir'' 1869) *'' Anna Karenina'' (Анна Каренина 'Anna Karenina'' 1877) *'' Resurrection'' (Воскресение 'Voskresenie'' 1899) Novellas *''The Autobiographical Trilogy'' (1852-1856) **'' Childhood'' (Детство 'Detstvo'' 1852) **'' Boyhood'' (Отрочество 'Otrochestvo'' 1854) **'' Youth'' (Юность 'Yunost''' 1856) *''Sevastopol Sketches'' (''Севастопольские рассказы'' 'Sevastopolskie rasskazy'' 1855–1856) **"Sevastopol in December 1854" (1855) **"Sevastopol in May 1855" (1855) **"Sevastopol in August 1855" (1856) * ''A Morning of a Landed Proprietor'' (''Утро помещика'', 1856) * ''Two Hussars'' (''Два гусара'' 'Dva gusara'' 1856) * ''Family Happiness'' (Се� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nathan Haskell Dole
Nathan Haskell Dole (August 31, 1852 – May 9, 1935) was an American editor, translator, and author. A writer and journalist in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, he translated many of the works of Leo Tolstoy and books of other Russians; novels of the Spaniard Armando Palacio Valdés (1886–90); a variety of works from the French and Italian. Biography Nathan Haskell Dole was born August 31, 1852, in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He was the second son of the Reverend Nathan Dole (1811–1855) and mother Caroline (Fletcher) Dole, his older brother being Charles Fletcher Dole (1845–1927). After their father died of tuberculosis, their mother moved with the two boys to live with their grandmother in the Fletcher homestead, a strict Puritan home, in Norridgewock, Maine, where Dole grew up. Sophie May wrote her Prudy Books in Norridgewock, and they may be an indication of the sort of life Nathan Dole and his brother lived there. A newspaper article about Nathan in the ''Boston Eveni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxists
Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist theory exists. In addition to the schools of thought which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, various Marxian concepts have been incorporated and adapted into a diverse array of social theories leading to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical materialism and historical materialism, though these terms were coined after Marx's death and their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Nisbet Bain
Robert Nisbet Bain (1854–1909) was a British historian and linguist who worked for the British Museum. Life Bain was born in London in 1854 to David and Elizabeth (born Cowan) Bain. Bain was a fluent linguist who could use over twenty languages. Besides translating a number of books he also used his skills to write learned books on foreign people and folklore. Bain was a frequent contributor to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. His contributions were biographies and varied from Andrew Aagensen to Aleksander Wielopolski. He taught himself Hungarian in order that he could read Mór Jókai in the original after first reading him in German. He translated from Finnish, Danish and Russian and also tackled Turkish authors via Hungarian. He was the most prolific translator into English from Hungarian in the nineteenth century. He married late and died young after publishing a wide range of literature from or about Europe. He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery. Works * ''Gustavu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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