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Thoracic Vertebra
In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans, there are twelve thoracic vertebra (anatomy), vertebrae of intermediate size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae; they increase in size going towards the lumbar vertebrae. They are distinguished by the presence of Zygapophysial joint, facets on the sides of the bodies for Articulation (anatomy), articulation with the head of rib, heads of the ribs, as well as facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercle (rib), tubercles of the ribs. By convention, the human thoracic vertebrae are numbered T1–T12, with the first one (T1) located closest to the skull and the others going down the spine toward the lumbar region. General characteristics These are the general characteristics of the second through eighth thoracic vertebrae. The first and ninth through twelfth v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebrates
Vertebrates () are animals with a vertebral column (backbone or spine), and a cranium, or skull. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. The vertebrates make up the subphylum Vertebrata with some 65,000 species, by far the largest ranked grouping in the phylum Chordata. The vertebrates include mammals, birds, amphibians, and various classes of fish and reptiles. The fish include the jawless Agnatha, and the jawed Gnathostomata. The jawed fish include both the Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous fish and the Osteichthyes, bony fish. Bony fish include the Sarcopterygii, lobe-finned fish, which gave rise to the tetrapods, the animals with four limbs. Despite their success, vertebrates still only make up less than five percent of all described animal species. The first vertebrates appeared in the Cambrian explosion some 518 million years ago. Jawed vertebrates evolved in the Ordovician, followed by bony fishes in the Devonian. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intervertebral Foramen
The intervertebral foramen (also neural foramen) (often abbreviated as IV foramen or IVF) is an opening between (the intervertebral notches of) two pedicles (one above and one below) of adjacent vertebra in the articulated spine. Each intervertebral foramen gives passage to a spinal nerve and spinal blood vessels, and lodges a posterior (dorsal) root ganglion. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae all have intervertebral foramina. Anatomy Structure In the thoracic region and lumbar region, each vertebral foramen is additionally bounded anteriorly by (the inferior portion of) the body of vertebra (particularly in the thoracic region) and adjacent intervertebral disc (particularly in the lumbar region). In the cervical region, a small part of the body of vertebra inferior to the intervertebral disc also forms the anterior boundary of the IVF (due to the fact that the junction of the pedicle with the body of vertebra is situated somewhat more inferiorly on the body). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orientation
Orientation may refer to: Positioning in physical space * Map orientation, the relationship between directions on a map and compass directions * Orientation (housing), the position of a building with respect to the sun, a concept in building design * Orientation of churches, the architectural feature of facing ("orienting"), churches towards the east (Latin: oriens) * Coin orientation, a description of the orientation of opposite faces of a coin with respect to one another * Page orientation, the way in which a rectangular page is oriented for normal viewing * In Animal navigation, turning the body to a desired heading, e.g. in the correct direction of migration * Orientation (sign language), the orientation of the hands when signing * Terms of orientation, language used to indicate the orientation of objects Arts and media * ''Orientation'' (EP), a 2001 album by Sonata Arctica * ''Orientation'' (film), a 1996 short film produced by the Church of Scientology * "Orientati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spine Adult Male Age 57
Spine or spinal may refer to: Science Biology * Spinal column, also known as the backbone * Dendritic spine, a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite * Thorns, spines, and prickles, needle-like structures in plants * Spine (zoology), needle-like structures in animals * SPINE (molecular biology) (strep–protein interaction experiment), a method for the detection of protein interactions Medicine * Spinal anaesthesia or "a spinal", an injection generally through a fine needle, usually long * The Spine, a set of national service within the UK NHS Connecting for Health Arts, entertainment and media * ''The Spine'' (album), a 2004 They Might Be Giants album, including the songs "Spine" and "Spines" * ''Spine'' (film), American film * ''The Spine'' (film), a 2009 animated short by Chris Landreth * ''Spine'' (video game), an upcoming video game * ''The Spine'', a novel by Ladislav Bublík Fictional entities * Spinal (''Killer Instinct''), a fictional character from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoracic Spinal Nerve 4
The thoracic spinal nerve 4 (T4) is a spinal nerve of the thoracic segment. Nervous System -- Groups of Nerves It originates from the from below the thoracic vertebra 4
In vertebrates, thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. In humans, there are twelve thoracic vertebra (anatomy), vertebrae of intermediate size between the ce ... (T4).
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Sternal Angle
The sternal angle (also known as the angle of Lewis, angle of Louis, angle of Ludovic, or manubriosternal junction) is the projecting angle formed between the manubrium and body of a sternum at their junction at the manubriosternal joint. The sternal angle is a palpable and visible landmark in surface anatomy, presenting as either a slight body ridge or depression upon the upper chest wall which corresponds to the underlying manubriosternal joint. The sternal angle is palpable and often visible in young people. The sternal angle corresponds to the level of the 2nd costal cartilage on either side, and the level between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebra. The sternal angle is used to define the Thoracic plane, transverse thoracic plane which represents the imaginary boundary between the superior mediastinum, superior and inferior mediastinum. It is also used to identify the second rib during physical examination and then the rest of the ribs by counting. Anatomy The sternal angl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoracic Spinal Nerve 3
The thoracic spinal nerve 3 (T3) is a spinal nerve of the thoracic segment. Nervous System -- Groups of Nerves It originates from the spinal column
The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrates. The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate. The spinal column is a segmen ... from below the thoracic vertebra 3 (T3).
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Thoracic Spinal Nerve 2
The thoracic spinal nerve 2 (T2) is a spinal nerve of the thoracic segment. Nervous System -- Groups of Nerves It originates from the spinal column
The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrates. The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate. The spinal column is a segmen ... from below the thoracic vertebra 2 (T2).
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Thoracic Spinal Nerve 1
The thoracic spinal nerve 1 (T1) is a spinal nerve A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries Motor neuron, motor, Sensory neuron, sensory, and Autonomic nervous system, autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each s ... of the thoracic segment. Nervous System -- Groups of Nerves It originates from the spinal column from below the thoracic vertebra 1 (T1). Additional images References Spinal nerves {{neuroanatomy-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transverse Processes
Each vertebra (: vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according to their spinal segment and the particular species. The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the vertebral body (also ''centrum'') is of bone and bears the load of the vertebral column. The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch, in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles (pedicle of vertebral arch), two laminae, and seven processes. The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava (ligaments of the spine). There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conduits for the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Articular Processes
The articular process or zygapophysis ( + apophysis) of a vertebra is a projection of the vertebra that serves the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. The actual region of contact is called the ''articular facet''.Moore, Keith L. et al. (2010) ''Clinically Oriented Anatomy'', 6th Ed, p.442 fig. 4.2 Articular processes spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminæ, and there are two right and left, and two superior and inferior. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. * The superior processes or prezygapophysis project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward (oblique coronal plane). * The inferior processes or postzygapophysis project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward. The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage Hyaline cartilage is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
