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Thixoforming
Semi-solid metal casting (SSM) is a near net shape variant of die casting. The process is used today with non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium, copper, and magnesium. It can work with higher temperature alloys that lack suitable die materials. The process combines the advantages of casting and forging. The process is named after the fluid property thixotropy, which is the phenomenon that allows this process to work. Thixotropic fluids flow when sheared, but thicken when standing. The potential for this type of process was first recognized in the early 1970s.. Its three variants are thixocasting, rheocasting, and thixomolding. SIMA refers to a specialized process to prepare aluminum alloys for thixocasting using hot and cold working. SSM is done at a temperature that puts the metal between its liquidus and solidus temperature, ideally 30 to 65% solid. The mixture must have low viscosity to be usable, and to reach this low viscosity the material needs a globular primary surrounded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compression (physics), compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die (manufacturing), die. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons.Degarmo, p. 389 Forging has been done by metalsmith, smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, household hardware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery. Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanism (engineering), mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength of materials, strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near Net Shape
Near-net-shape is an industrial manufacturing technique. As the name implies, the initial production of the item is very close to the final, or ''net'', shape. This reduces the need for surface finishing. By minimizing the use of finishing methods like machining or grinding, near-net-shape production eliminates more than two-thirds of the production costs in some industries. Processes The following are various near-net-shape processes categorized by material. Ceramics * Gelcasting * Ceramic injection molding * Spray forming *Structural ceramic production Composites * Lanxide process Plastics *Injection moulding *Rapid prototyping Metals *Casting ** Permanent mold casting *Powder metallurgy * Linear friction welding * Friction welding * Metal injection molding *Rapid prototyping * Spray forming * Superplastic forming *Cold forming * Semi-solid metal casting *Photochemical machining Photochemical machining (PCM), also known as photochemical milling or photo etching, is a che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idra Group
Idra Group (Idra Società a responsabilità limitata, S.r.l.; originally Idra Presse Società per azioni, S.p.A.) is a manufacturer of die casting machinery, founded in 1946 in Brescia, Italy. The company is notable for producing the largest high-pressure die casting machines in the world. History The company was originally founded by Adamo Pasotti in 1944 or 1946 with the factory located on via Triumplina in Brescia. By 1956, Idra was seeking to export its die-casting machines outside Italy. By 1971, an Idra machine was being used to cast motor components weighing for Porsche cars. In March 2024, Riccardo Ferrario retired as general manager of Idra, with the role being taken over by John Stokes. Hot years During Italy's Years of Lead (Italy), Years of Lead in the 1970s, Giovanni Maifredi worked at Idra as a warehouse worker, having been provided with a job without having any qualifications. Following the Piazza della Loggia bombing in Brescia on 28 May 1974, Idra fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casting (manufacturing)
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various time setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Heavy equipment like machine tool beds, ships' propellers, etc. can be cast easily in the required size, rather than fabricating by joining several small pieces. Casting is a 7,000-year-old process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200 BC. History Throughout history, metal casting has been used to make tools, weapons, and religious objects. Metal casting history and developmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spray Forming
Spray forming, also known as spray casting, spray deposition and in-situ compaction,. is a method of casting near-net-shape metal components with homogeneous microstructures via the deposition of semi-solid sprayed droplets onto a shaped substrate. In spray forming, an alloy is melted, normally in an induction furnace, and the molten metal is slowly poured through a conical tundish into a small-bore ceramic nozzle. The molten metal exits the furnace as a thin, free-falling stream and is broken up into droplets by an annular array of gas jets, and these droplets then proceed downwards, accelerated by the gas jets to impact onto a substrate. The process is arranged such that the droplets strike the substrate whilst in the semi-solid condition; this provides sufficient liquid fraction to "stick" the solid fraction together. Deposition continues, gradually building up a spray-formed billet of metal on the substrate. The ''gas atomised spray forming'' (GASF) process typically has a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metal Injection Molding
Metal injection molding (MIM) is a metalworking process in which finely-powdered metal is mixed with binder material to create a "feedstock" that is then shaped and solidified using injection molding. Metal injection molding combines the most useful characteristics of powder metallurgy and plastic injection molding to facilitate the production of small, complex-shaped metal components with outstanding mechanical properties. The molding process allows high volume, complex parts to be shaped in a single step. After molding, the part undergoes conditioning operations to remove the binder (debinding) and densify the powders. Finished products are small components used in many industries and applications. The behavior of MIM feedstock is governed by rheology, the study of sludges, suspensions, and other non-Newtonian fluids. Due to current injection molding equipment limitations, products must be molded using quantities of 100 grams or less per "shot" into the mold. This sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stellite
Stellite alloys are a range of cobalt-chromium alloys designed for wear resistance. "Stellite" is also a registered trademark of Kennametal Inc. and is used in association with cobalt-chromium alloys. History Stellite was invented by Elwood Haynes in the early 1900s, initially as a material for making cutlery that would not stain or require constant cleaning. He was granted a patent for two specific alloys in 1907, and for two related ones in 1912; once he had these four patents he went into the business of producing his metal alloys. In the early 1920s, after considerable success during World War I in sales of cutting tools and high-speed machine tools made from Stellite, Haynes's company was bought by Union Carbide, becoming its "Stellite division", and continued to develop other alloys as well. The company was sold again in 1970 to Cabot Corporation, and in 1985 Cabot sold off the Stellite portion of the business. The Stellite trademark was acquired by Kennametal in 2012. Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tool Steel
Tool steel is any of various carbon steels and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools and tooling, including cutting tools, dies, hand tools, knives, and others. Their suitability comes from their distinctive hardness, resistance to abrasion and deformation, and their ability to hold a cutting edge at elevated temperatures. As a result, tool steels are suited for use in the shaping of other materials, as for example in cutting, machining, stamping, or forging. Tool steels have a carbon content between 0.4% and 1.5%. The presence of carbides in their matrix plays the dominant role in the qualities of tool steel. The four major alloying elements that form carbides in tool steel are: tungsten, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum. The rate of dissolution of the different carbides into the austenite form of the iron determines the high-temperature performance of steel (slower is better, making for a heat-resistant steel). Proper heat treatme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrinkage (casting)
In metalworking and jewelry making, casting is a process in which a liquid metal is delivered into a mold (usually by a crucible) that contains a negative impression (i.e., a three-dimensional negative image) of the intended shape. The metal is poured into the mold through a hollow channel called a sprue. The metal and mold are then cooled, and the metal part (the ''casting'') is extracted. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Casting processes have been known for thousands of years, and have been widely used for sculpture (especially in bronze), jewelry in precious metals, and weapons and tools. Highly engineered castings are found in 90 percent of durable goods, including cars, trucks, aerospace, trains, mining and construction equipment, oil wells, appliances, pipes, hydrants, wind turbines, nuclear plants, medical devices, defense products, toys, and more. Traditional techniques include los ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Screw Conveyor
A screw conveyor or auger conveyor is a mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw (simple machine), screw blade, called a "''flighting''", usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular materials. They are used in many bulk handling industries. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food waste, Woodchips, wood chips, aggregates, cereal, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat, bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others. The first type of screw conveyor was the Archimedes' screw, used since ancient times to pump irrigation water. They usually consist of a trough or tube containing either a spiral blade coiled around a shaft, driven at one end and held at the other, or a "''shaftless spiral''", driven at one end and free at the other. The rate of volume transfer is proportional to the rotation rate of the shaft. In industrial control applications, the de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Induction Heating
Induction heating is the process of heating electrically conductive materials, namely metals or semi-conductors, by electromagnetic induction, through heat transfer passing through an inductor that creates an electromagnetic field within the coil to heat up and possibly melt steel, copper, brass, graphite, gold, silver, aluminum, or carbide. An important feature of the induction heating process is that the heat is generated inside the object itself, instead of by an external heat source via heat conduction. Thus objects can be heated very rapidly. In addition, there need not be any external contact, which can be important where contamination is an issue. Induction heating is used in many industrial processes, such as heat treatment in metallurgy, Czochralski process, Czochralski crystal growth and zone refining used in the semiconductor industry, and to melt refractory metals that require very high temperatures. It is also used in induction cooking, induction cooktops. An induct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeep Wrangler
The Jeep Wrangler is a series of compact and mid-size four-wheel drive off-road SUVs manufactured by Jeep since 1986, and currently in its fourth generation. The Wrangler JL, the most recent generation, was unveiled in late 2017 and is produced at Jeep's Toledo Complex. The Wrangler is a direct progression from the World War II Jeep, through the CJ (Civilian Jeeps) produced by Willys, Kaiser-Jeep, and American Motors Corporation (AMC) from the mid-1940s through the 1980s. Although neither AMC nor Chrysler (after it purchased AMC in 1987) have claimed that the Wrangler was a direct descendant of the original military model — both the CJ Jeeps and the conceptually consistent Wrangler, with their solid axles and open top, have been called the Jeep model as central to Jeep's brand identity as the rear-engine 911 is to Porsche. Similar to the Willys MB and the CJ Jeeps before it, all Wrangler models continue to use a separate body and frame, rigid live axles both front and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
