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The Stone Breakers
''The Stone Breakers'' (), also known as ''Stonebreakers'', was an 1849 oil painting on canvas by the French painter Gustave Courbet. Now destroyed, the image remains an often-cited example of the artistic movement Realism. The painting was exhibited at the 1850 Paris Salon where it was criticized by for its depiction of a subject that was not considered proper for high art. Some critics disliked Courbet's application of very thick paint and the poor lighting in the image. Conversely, social theorist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon praised the work and saw it as a successful socialist painting. He called the composition "a masterpiece in its genre". By 1915, it was considered to be a very "important work". Courbet produced two versions of the painting. The version displayed at the 1850 Paris Salon was in the collection of the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden. At the time of its acquisition by the museum, the painting was referred to as "Courbet's monumental masterpiece". It h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Courbet
Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet ( ; ; ; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work. Courbet's paintings of the late 1840s and early 1850s brought him his first recognition. They challenged convention by depicting unidealized peasants and workers, often on a grand scale traditionally reserved for paintings of religious or historical subjects. Courbet's subsequent paintings were mostly of a less overtly political character: landscapes, seascapes, hunting scenes, nudes, and still lifes. Courbet w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gillot - The Stone Breaker (after 1849)
Gillot or Gillott () is a French surname. It may refer to: __TOC__ Gillot *Claude Gillot (1673–1722), French painter * Dominique Gillot (born 1949), French politician *Firmin Gillot (''c.'' 19th century), French inventor and photoengraver * Francis Gillot (born 1960 ), French footballer and manager *François-Xavier Gillot (1842–1910), French physician, mycologist, and botanist * Jacques Gillot (born 1948), Guadeloupean politician *Jacques Gillot (jurist) (''c.'' 1550–1619), French priest and jurist *Marie-Agnès Gillot (born 1974 or 1975), Parisian ballet dancer and choreographer Gillott *Eric Gillott (born 1951), New Zealand cricketer *Jacky Gillott (1939–1980), English novelist and broadcaster *Joseph Gillott (1799–1873), English pen-maker and art patron * Peter Gillott (1935–2021), English footballer *Samuel Gillott Sir Samuel Gillott (29 October 1838 – 29 June 1913) was an Australian lawyer and politician, commonly known as a former Lord Mayor of Melbourn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Königstein Fortress
Königstein Fortress (), the "Saxony, Saxon Bastille", is a hilltop fortress near Dresden, in Saxon Switzerland, Germany, above the town of Königstein, Saxony, Königstein on the left bank of the River Elbe. It is one of the largest hilltop fortifications in Europe and sits atop the Königstein (hill), table hill of the same name. The rock plateau rises above the Elbe and has over 50 buildings, some over 400 years old, that bear witness to the military and civilian life in the fortress. The rampart run of the fortress is long with walls up to high and steep sandstone faces. In the centre of the site is a well, which is the deepest in Saxony and second-deepest well in Europe. The fortress, which for centuries was used as a state prison, is still intact and is now one of Saxony's foremost tourism, tourist attractions, with 700,000 visitors per year. Construction and expansion of the fortress By far the oldest written record of a castle on the Königstein is found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Destruction
Art destruction is the decay or material destruction of original works of art. This can happen willfully, accidentally, or through natural processes. Temporary artwork Many works of visual art are intended by the artist to be temporary. They may be created in media which the artist knows to be temporary, such as sand, or they may be designed specifically to be recycled. Often the destruction takes place during a ceremony or special event. Examples of this type of art include street painting, sand art such as sandcastles, ice sculptures and edible art. Artists who sabotage their own work Some artists sabotage their own work out of insecurity, neurosis, or to start over. In 1970, John Baldessari and five other artists burned all the paintings Baldessari had created between 1953 and 1966 in a bonfire. The 2018 artwork '' Love is in the Bin'' by Banksy was designed with a shredder hidden in the frame, activated upon the painting's sale at auction to destroy the lower half of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dresden, Germany
Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth largest by area (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Cologne), and the third-most populous city in the area of former East Germany, after Berlin and Leipzig. Dresden's urban area comprises the towns of Freital, Pirna, Radebeul, Meissen, Coswig, Saxony, Coswig, Radeberg, and Heidenau and has around 790,000 inhabitants. The Dresden metropolitan area has approximately 1.34 million inhabitants. Dresden is the second largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg. Most of the city's population lives in the Dresden Basin, Elbe Valley, but a large, albeit very sparsely populated, area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands (the westernmost part of the Sudetes) and thus in Lusatia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bombing Of Dresden In World War II
The bombing of Dresden was a joint British and American Area bombardment, aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II. In four raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 772 heavy bombers of the Royal Air Force (RAF) and 527 of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped more than 3,900 of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices on the city.*The number of bombers and tonnage of bombs are taken from a USAF document written in 1953 and classified secret until 1978 . * Taylor (2005), front flap, which gives the figures 1,100 heavy bombers and 4,500 tons. * Webster and Frankland (1961) give 805 Bomber Command aircraft 13 February 1945 and 1,646 US bombers 16 January – 17 April 1945."Mission accomplished", ''The Guardian'', 7 February 2004. The bombing and the resulting firestorm destroyed more than of the city centre. Up to 25,000 people were killed. Three more USAAF air raids followed, two occurring on 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allies Of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international Coalition#Military, military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers. Its principal members were the "Four Policemen, Big Four" – the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and Republic of China (1912–1949), China. Membership in the Allies varied during the course of the war. When the conflict broke out on 1 September 1939, the Allied coalition consisted of the United Kingdom, French Third Republic, France, and Second Polish Republic, Poland, as well as their respective Dependent territory, dependencies, such as British Raj, British India. They were joined by the independent dominions of the British Commonwealth: Canada, Australia, Dominion of New Zealand, New Zealand and Union of South Africa, South Africa. Consequently, the initial alliance resembled Allies of World War I, that of the First World War. As Axis forces began German invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Huyghe
René Huyghe (3 May 1906 Arras, France – 5 February 1997, Paris) was a French writer on the history, psychology and philosophy of art. He was also a curator at the Louvre's department of paintings (from 1930), a professor at the Collège de France director of the Musée Jacquemart-André, and, beginning in 1960 a member of the Académie Française. He was the father of the writer François-Bernard Huyghe. Biography René Huyghe studied philosophy and aesthetics at the Sorbonne and the École du Louvre. Made a curator of the Louvre's department of paintings in 1930, he rose to chief curator and professor of the école du Louvre in 1936, at the age of 30. He founded and edited the reviews ''L’Amour de l’Art'' and ''Quadrige''. He was one of the first figures in France to make films on art, such as his ''Rubens'' (winner of a prize at the Venice Biennale), and founded the International Federation of Films on Art. During the Second World War Huyghe helped the director of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firmin Gillot
Firmin Gillot (11 October 1819 Combres, France – 11 June 1872 Paris) was a French printmaker (engraver) and inventor. History At the start of the 19th century, a technique gained popularity that involved transferring a drawing onto a lithographic stone from a special paper coated with a mix of starch and gelatin. This method, called autographic transfer, allowed artists to easily reproduce their drawings. Firmin Gillot took this a step further. On March 21, 1850, he patented an idea: instead of transferring the image to a stone, he transferred it to a zinc plate. Then, using acid to etch the image, he created raised surfaces on the plate where the drawn lines were. This technique transformed the flat image into a printing plate that could be used for relief printing, similar to traditional typesetting methods. This process, a zincography innovation, became known as gillotage. It was also known as paniconography and eventually evolved into what we now recognize as typographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Gallery Of Art
The National Gallery of Art is an art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of charge, the museum was privately established in 1937 for the American people by a joint resolution of the United States Congress. Andrew W. Mellon donated a substantial art collection and funds for construction. The core collection includes major works of art donated by Paul Mellon, Ailsa Mellon Bruce, Lessing J. Rosenwald, Samuel Henry Kress, Samuel Henry Kress#Biography, Rush Harrison Kress, Peter Arrell Browne Widener, Joseph E. Widener, and Chester Dale. The Gallery's collection of paintings, drawings, prints, photographs, sculpture, medals, and decorative arts traces the development of Western art from the Middle Ages to the present, including the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the Americas and the largest mobile created by Alexander Calder. The Gallery's campus includes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a collegiate university, collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, second-oldest continuously operating university globally. It expanded rapidly from 1167, when Henry II of England, Henry II prohibited English students from attending the University of Paris. When disputes erupted between students and the Oxford townspeople, some Oxford academics fled northeast to Cambridge, where they established the University of Cambridge in 1209. The two English Ancient university, ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as ''Oxbridge''. The University of Oxford comprises 43 constituent colleges, consisting of 36 Colleges of the University of Oxford, semi-autonomous colleges, four permanent private halls and three societies (colleges that are depar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashmolean Museum
The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology () on Beaumont Street in Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677. It is also the world's second university museum, after the establishment of the Kunstmuseum Basel in 1661 by the University of Basel. The present building was built between 1841 and 1845. The museum reopened in 2009 after a major redevelopment, and in November 2011, new galleries focusing on Egypt and Nubia were unveiled. In May 2016, the museum redisplayed galleries of 19th-century art. History Broad Street The museum opened on 24 May 1683, with naturalist Robert Plot as the first keeper. The building on Broad Street (later known as the Old Ashmolean) is sometimes attributed to Sir Christopher Wren or Thomas Wood. Elias Ashmole had acquired the collection from the gardeners, travellers, and collectors John Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
