The Peter And Patricia Gruber Foundation
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The Peter And Patricia Gruber Foundation
The Gruber Foundation is a philanthropic foundation established by Peter and Patricia Gruber and is based at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Its mission is to honor and encourage excellence in the fields of cosmology, genetics, neuroscience, justice, and women's rights, which encompasses three major programmatic initiatives: the Gruber Prizes and the Young Scientists Awards; the Gruber Science Fellowship Program; and the Gruber Program for Global Justice and Women's Rights at Yale Law School. Gruber Prizes The ''International Prize Program'' awards the annual Gruber Prizes: * Gruber Prize in Cosmology first awarded in 2000 * Gruber Prize in Genetics first awarded in 2001 * Gruber Prize in Neuroscience first awarded in 2004 * Gruber Prize for Justice awarded from 2001 to 2011 * Gruber Prize for Women's Rights awarded from 2003 to 2011 The prizes, which are awarded to prominent scientists, social scientists, and jurists in these subjects, provide a gold medal and a cas ...
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Yale University
Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Yale was established as the Collegiate School in 1701 by Congregationalism in the United States, Congregationalist clergy of the Connecticut Colony. Originally restricted to instructing ministers in theology and sacred languages, the school's curriculum expanded, incorporating humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century, the college expanded into graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale's faculty and student populations grew rapidly after 1890 due to the expansion of the physical campus and its scientif ...
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Gruber Prize In Cosmology
The Gruber Prize in Cosmology, established in 2000, is one of three prestigious international awards worth US$500,000 awarded by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Since 2001, the Gruber Prize in Cosmology has been co-sponsored by the International Astronomical Union. Recipients are selected by a panel from nominations that are received from around the world. The Gruber Foundation Cosmology Prize honors a leading cosmologist, astronomer, astrophysicist or scientific philosopher for theoretical, analytical or conceptual discoveries leading to fundamental advances in the field. Recipients *2000 Allan Sandage and Philip James E. Peebles *2001 Lord Martin Rees *2002 Vera Rubin *2003 Rashid Sunyaev director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik *2004 Alan Guth and Andrei Linde *2005 James E. Gunn principal designer of the Hubble Space Telescope *2006 John Mather (co-recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize i ...
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Yale Daily News
The ''Yale Daily News'' is an independent student newspaper published by Yale University students in New Haven, Connecticut, since January 28, 1878. Description Financially and editorially independent of Yale University since its founding, the ''Yale Daily News'' is published online by a student editorial and business staff five days a week, Monday through Friday, during Yale's academic year. Although the paper historically produced a daily print edition, it transitioned during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to a weekly print schedule and now prints only a Friday paper. Called the ''YDN'', or sometimes the ''News'', the ''Daily News'', or the ''Daily Yalie'', the newspaper and the website are produced in Briton Hadden Memorial Building at 202 York Street in New Haven and printed off-site at Valley Publishing Company in Derby, Connecticut. Each day, reporters, mainly freshmen and sophomores, cover the university, the city of New Haven and sometimes the state of Connecticut. Besi ...
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Yale Graduate School Of Arts And Sciences
The Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences is the graduate school of Yale University. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest graduate school in North America, and was the first North American graduate school to confer a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree. The Graduate School is one of twelve constituent schools of Yale University and the only one that awards the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy, Master of Philosophy, Master of Arts, Master of Science, and Master of Engineering. While doctoral programs are also available in five of Yale's professional schools, students are enrolled through the graduate school, which confers their degrees. The school is administered in four divisions—Humanities, Social Sciences, and Biological and Physical Sciences—and its faculty are divided into 52 departments and programs. Nineteen of these programs terminate with the master's degree. The Graduate School enrolls approximately 2,800 students, one-third of whom come from outside the United Sta ...
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Weizmann Institute Of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science ( ''Machon Weizmann LeMada'') is a Public university, public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded. Unlike other List of Israeli universities and colleges, Israeli universities it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural science, natural and exact sciences. The institute is a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, Postdoctoral researcher, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute. As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners. The Weizmann Institute of Science and Elbit Systems have collaborated on various projects, notably including the development and supply of the space telescope for Israel's Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite (ULTRASAT) program and re ...
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Genetics Society Of America
The Genetics Society of America (GSA) is a scholarly membership society of more than 5,500 genetics researchers and educators, established in 1931. The Society was formed from the reorganization of the Joint Genetics Sections of the American Society of Zoologists and the Botanical Society of America.
An Abridged History of the Genetics Society of America
GSA members conduct fundamental and applied research using a wide variety of s to enhance understanding of living systems. Some of the systems of study include '''' (fruit flies), ''

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Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer. Her work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. Although her works on coal and viruses were appreciated in her lifetime, Franklin's contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA were largely unrecognised during her life, for which Franklin has been variously referred to as the "wronged heroine", the "dark lady of DNA", the "forgotten heroine", a "feminist icon", and the "Sylvia Plath of molecular biology". Franklin graduated in 1941 with a degree in Natural Sciences (Cambridge), natural sciences from Newnham College, Cambridge, and then enrolled for a PhD in physical chemistry under Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, the 1920 Chair of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. Disappointed by Norrish's lack of enthusiasm, she took up a research position und ...
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Gruber Prize For Women's Rights
Gruber is a German surname from Austria and Bavaria, referring to a person from a geological depression, mine, or pit. It may refer to: Places * Gruber, Manitoba, former settlement in the Canadian province of Manitoba, Canada * Gruber Mountains, Antarctica * Camp Gruber, Oklahoma Army National Guard facility, named for Edmund L. Gruber People Surname * Andreas Gruber (director) (born 1954), Austrian film director and screenwriter * Andreas Gruber (footballer) (born 1996), Austrian footballer * Barbara Gruber (born 1977), German ski mountaineer * Christoph Gruber (born 1976), Austrian alpine skier * David Gruber, American marine biologist * Edmund L. Gruber (1879–1941) US Army general, composer of military music, and brother of William R. Gruber * Ferry Gruber (1926–2004), Austrian-German tenor in opera and operetta * Florian Gruber (born 1983), German racing driver * Frank Gruber (1904–1969), writer of Westerns and detective fiction * Franz Gruber (actor) (born 1 ...
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Gruber Prize For Justice
The Gruber Prize for Justice, established in 2001, was one of five international prizes worth US$500,000 awarded by The Peter and Patricia Gruber Foundation, an American non-profit organization. Recipients were selected by a distinguished panel of international legal experts from nominations received from around the world. The Gruber Foundation Justice Prize was presented to individuals or organizations for contributions that have advanced the cause of justice as delivered through the legal system. The award was intended to acknowledge individual efforts, as well as to encourage further advancements in the field and progress toward bringing about a fundamentally just world. The foundation established an annual fellowship at George Washington University Law School between 2009 and 2011, which funded a student to clerk with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hauge under the ICJ’s University Traineeship Programme. The foundation awarded its final prize in 2011, afte ...
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Society For Neuroscience
The Society for Neuroscience (SfN) is a professional society, headquartered in Washington, D.C., for basic scientists and physicians around the world whose research is focused on the study of the brain and nervous system. It is especially well known for its annual meeting, consistently one of the largest scientific conferences in the world. History SfN was founded in 1969 by Ralph W. Gerard and, at nearly 35,000 members, has grown to be the largest neuroscience society in the world. The stated mission of the society is to: #Advance the understanding of the brain and the nervous system. #Provide professional development activities, information, and educational resources. #Promote public information and general education about science and neuroscience. #Inform legislators and other policy makers about the implications of research for public policy, societal benefit, and continued scientific progress. Annual meeting The society holds an annual meeting that is attended by scie ...
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Gruber Prize In Neuroscience
The Gruber Prize in Neuroscience, established in 2004, is one of three international awards worth US$500,000 made by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based in Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. It is awarded annually to scientists from around the world for significant discoveries that have enhanced the comprehension of the neurological system. The prize comprises a gold medal engraved with the recipient's name and a citation detailing the accomplishment for which the recipient is being recognized. The Gruber Prize in Neuroscience selection advisors are nominated by the Society for Neuroscience. Recipients *2004 Seymour Benzer *2005 Eric Knudsen and Masakazu Konishi *2006 Masao Ito and Roger Nicoll, cellular neurobiologists *2007 Shigetada Nakanishi a molecular neurobiologist, Director of the Osaka Bioscience Institute *2008 John O’Keefe, PhD, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London *2009 Jeffrey C. Hall, professor of neuro ...
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Gruber Prize In Genetics
The Gruber Prize in Genetics, established in 2001, is one of three international awards worth US$500,000 made by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. The Genetics Prize honors leading scientists for distinguished contributions in any realm of genetics research. The Foundation’s other international prizes are in Cosmology and Neuroscience. Recipients *2001 Rudolf Jaenisch *2002 H. Robert Horvitz *2003 David Botstein *2004 Mary Claire King *2005 Robert Hugh Waterston *2006 Elizabeth Blackburn, a cell biologist specializing in telomeres *2007 Maynard Olson of the University of Washington, a bioinformatics specialist *2008 Allan C. Spradling, PhD, of the Carnegie Institution for Science and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) in Baltimore; for his work on fruit fly genomics *2009 Janet Rowley, MD, the Blum-Riese Distinguished Service Professor at thUniversity of Chicago*2010 Gerald Fink, PhD, the Margaret ...
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