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The Great Hatred
The Great Wrath (, in contemporary sources: , ; ) was a period of Finnish history dominated by the Russian invasion and subsequent military occupation of Finland, then part of the Swedish Empire, from 1714 until the Treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the Great Northern War. Background Finland was left largely to fend for itself after the Battle of Poltava in 1709. The Russians laid siege to Viborg in 1710, ultimately seizing the city, and by 1712 had already started their first campaign to capture Finland, which ended in failure. A more organised campaign, beginning in 1713, succeeded at the Battle of Helsinki and drove defending Swedes away from the coast. The Swedish army in Finland was defeated at the Battle of Storkyro (Isokyrö) in February 1714 with a decisive Russian victory. Swedish efforts to hinder the Russian advance by blockading the coastal sea route at Hangö ended in failure in late July at the Battle of Gangut. In the end, the presence of a Russian galley ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koivu Ja Tahti Muhos 2006 08 26
Koivu is a Finnish surname meaning "birch". Notable people with the surname include: *Mikko Koivu (born 1983), Finnish professional ice hockey player, brother of Saku *Rudolf Koivu (1890–1946), Finnish artist *Saku Koivu (born 1974), retired Finnish professional ice hockey player, brother of Mikko See also * Kõiv, an Estonian surname of the same etymology *Kõivu Kõivu is a village in Luunja Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia. (retrieved 28 July 2021) Violinist Eduard Sõrmus Eduard Sõrmus (9 July 1878 – 16 August 1940) was an early 20th-century Estonian violinist. He was sometimes known as t ..., an Estonian settlement * Koivu mine, a titanium project in Finland {{surname Finnish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrobothnia (historical Province)
Ostrobothnia (; ) is a historical province comprising a large portion of western and northern Finland. Before the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809, Ostrobothnia was part of Sweden. It is bounded by Karelia, Savonia (historical province), Savo, Tavastia (historical province), Tavastia (Häme) and Satakunta in the south, the Bothnian Sea, Bothnian Bay and Swedish Norrbotten in the west, Lapland in the north and Russia in the east. Etymology The word ''botten'' derives from Old Norse ''botn'', meaning 'bay'. It is Latinized as ''Bothnia''. The Finnish word ''pohja'' means either "north" or "bottom", and ''maa'' is "land". There are two possible explanations for the dual meaning of ''pohja''. The first is based on the ancient Scandinavian belief that the north was the bottom of the world, where the Sun disappeared each night. The second explanation points to the fact that houses were constructed with their backs to the north, the coldest direction, which may have given rise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium '' Yersinia pestis''. Symptoms include fever, weakness and headache. Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. There are three forms of plague, each affecting a different part of the body and causing associated symptoms. Pneumonic plague infects the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing and chest pain; bubonic plague affects the lymph nodes, making them swell; and septicemic plague infects the blood and can cause tissues to turn black and die. The bubonic and septicemic forms are generally spread by flea bites or handling an infected animal, whereas pneumonic plague is generally spread between people through the air via infectious droplets. Diagnosis is typically by finding the bacterium in fluid from a lymph node, blood or sputum. Those at high risk may be vaccinated. Those exposed to a case of pneumonic plague may be treated with preventive medication. If infected, treatment is with antibiotics a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustaf Otto Douglas
Count Gustaf (also Gustav) Otto Douglas (23 February 1687 – 2 February 1771) was a Swedish mercenary of Scottish descent, grandson of Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge. He was captured by the Russian army in the Battle of Poltava during the rout of the Swedish troops and was eventually employed by Peter the Great during the Great Northern War. In 1717, Douglas was appointed General Governor of Finland and ensured the stability of the local administration. However, his repressive policy in the region made him extremely unpopular and feared among the Finnish population. As the Governor General of an occupied province, Douglas deported thousands of civilians from Finland to Russia in order to put them to forced labour or military service and floated the idea of sending about 20,000 Finns to help with the construction of Saint Petersburg. His administration in a war-ravaged country was also overshadowed by epidemics of plague, which were often caused by troop movements and fami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svenska Folkskolans Vänner
Svenska folkskolans vänner r.f. (abbreviated SFV) is a Finnish association aiming to support the schooling of the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland. Since the introduction of compulsory education in Finland in 1921, the association's main task has been to promote education, culture and free learning in Swedish in Finland. Each year, SFV also awards prizes, scholarships and medals, as well as grants in the sectors of education, culture and libraries, and liberal education. The association also maintains Swedish folk high schools and vocational training within the framework of . History The association was founded in 1882 by , a physician. In the 1880s, Finland's language policy became more Finnish-centered. This led to the founding of SFV in order to guard the interests of the Swedish-speaking minority. This manifested itself in the founding of Swedish-speaking schools throughout the country (until 1917 part of the Russian Empire). The association published magazines, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uppslagsverket Finland
''Uppslagsverket Finland'' ('Encyclopedia Finland') is a Swedish-language encyclopedia with a focus on Finland and in particular Finland-Swedish subjects. The encyclopedia is published by initiative of an association dedicated to this task, ('the Finnish-Swedish Encyclopedia Association'). The initiative to the publication was taken in 1969, and the first edition was published in three volumes in 1982 to 1985.Uppslagsverket Finlands historia Accessed 2016-07-16. A second edition was published by Schildts in five volumes during 2003 to 2007. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Impressment
Impressment, colloquially "the press" or the "press gang", is a type of conscription of people into a military force, especially a naval force, via intimidation and physical coercion, conducted by an organized group (hence "gang"). European navies of several nations used impressment by various means. The large size of the British Royal Navy in the Age of Sail meant impressment was most commonly associated with Great Britain and Ireland. It was used by the Royal Navy in wartime, beginning in 1664 and during the 18th and early 19th centuries as a means of crewing warships, although legal sanction for the practice can be traced back to the time of Edward I of England. The Royal Navy impressed many merchant sailors, as well as some sailors from other, mostly European, nations. People liable to impressment were "eligible men of seafaring habits between the ages of 18 and 55 years". Non-Sailor, seamen were sometimes impressed as well, though rarely. In addition to the Royal Navy's use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaleva (newspaper)
''Kaleva'' is a Finnish language, Finnish subscription newspaper published in Oulu, Finland. History and profile ''Kaleva'' was founded in 1899 by Juho Raappana. The owner of the paper is Kaleva Oy and its publisher is Kaleva publishing house. The paper is based in Oulu and is published in broadsheet format. Although ''Kaleva'' has a neutral stance and no political affiliation, the paper supported the Progress Party until 1953. Since 2015 Kyösti Karvonen has been serving as the editor-in-chief of ''Kaleva''. In 2011 ''Kaleva'' published a report on the sexual abuse of children by the members of the Conservative Laestadianism, leading to public anger and the cancellation of subscription by nearly 200 readers. Circulation In 1993 ''Kaleva'' had a Newspaper circulation, circulation of 95,118 copies. Its circulation was 83,151 copies in 2001. It had a circulation of 82,600 copies in 2003. The 2004 circulation of the paper was 82,566 copies and it was the fourth best-selling pape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hailuoto
Hailuoto (; ) is a Finnish island in the northern Baltic Sea and a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia region. The population of Hailuoto is (), making it the smallest municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia and the former Oulu Province in terms of population. The municipality covers an area of (excluding sea areas) of which is inland water (). The population density is . Of all the Finnish sea islands, Hailuoto is the third largest after Fasta Åland and Kimitoön. Hailuoto lies opposite the city of Oulu in the Gulf of Bothnia. The distance between Oulu and Hailuoto is , and the sea area between them is called ''Luodonselkä'' (literally "open water of the islet"). Land in the region is constantly rising due to post-glacial rebound. It is estimated that the first parts of Hailuoto appeared from the Baltic Sea about 1700 years ago. The current island of Hailuoto was formed from many smaller islands. Two large sections, Santonen and Hanhinen merged into the main island (Luoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, Cossack raids, countering the Crimean-Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppes, steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic languages, East Slavic–speaking Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uusi Suomi
''Uusi Suomi'' () was a Finnish daily newspaper that was published from 1919 to 1991. The headquarters was in Helsinki, Finland. History and profile ''Uusi Suomi'' was established in 1919 as a continuation of two earlier newspapers, ''Suometar'' (1847–1866) and ''Uusi Suometar'' (1869–1919). ''Suometar'' had been primarily concerned with pursuing issues relating to the Finnish population; its successor ''Uusi Suometar'' had represented closely related Fennoman views. Two of its contributors, Linda Pylkkänen and Risto Sihtola, visited Italy in the late 1930s as guests of the Fascist government, and the paper was asked by the Italians to publish articles in favor of the Fascist rule. During the Cold War period ''Uusi Suomi'' was among the Finnish newspapers which were accused by the Soviet Union of being the instrument of US propaganda, and the Soviet embassy in Helsinki frequently protested the editors of the paper. From its foundation in 1919 to 1976 ''Uusi Suomi'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helsingin Sanomat
, abbreviated ''HS'' and colloquially known as , is the largest subscription newspaper in Finland and the Nordic countries, owned by Sanoma. Except after certain holidays, it is published daily. Its name derives from that of the Finnish capital, Helsinki, where it is published. It is considered a newspaper of record for Finland. History and profile The paper was founded in 1889 as '' Päivälehti'', when Finland was a Grand Duchy under the Tsar of Russia. Political censorship by the Russian authorities, prompted by the paper's strong advocacy of greater Finnish freedoms and even outright independence, forced Päivälehti to often temporarily suspend publication, and finally to close permanently in 1904. Its proprietors re-opened the paper under its current name in 1905. Founded as the organ of the Young Finnish Party, the paper has been politically independent and non-aligned since 1932. During the Cold War period was among the Finnish newspapers which were accused by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
