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The Criminal Code
''The Criminal Code'' is a 1931 American Pre-Code Hollywood, pre-Code Romance film, romantic Crime film, crime Drama (film and television), drama film directed by Howard Hawks and starring Walter Huston and Phillips Holmes. The screenplay, based on a 1929 play of the same name by Martin Flavin, was written by Fred Niblo Jr. and Seton I. Miller, who were nominated for Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Adaptation at the 4th Academy Awards but the award went to Howard Estabrook for Cimarron (1931 film), Cimarron. The film is the first of three film adaptations of the play released by Columbia Pictures. It was followed by ''Penitentiary (1938 film), Penitentiary'' (1938) and ''Convicted (1950 film), Convicted'' (1950). Plot Six years of hard labor in the prison jute mill has taken its toll on young Graham, convicted of manslaughter after a drunken brawl. The penitentiary's Physician, doctor and psychiatrist recommends that he be offered a change of duties before psych ...
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Howard Hawks
Howard Winchester Hawks (May 30, 1896December 26, 1977) was an American film director, Film producer, producer, and screenwriter of the Classical Hollywood cinema, classic Hollywood era. Critic Leonard Maltin called him "the greatest American director who is not a household name." Roger Ebert called Hawks "one of the greatest American directors of pure movies, and a hero of Auteur Theory, auteur critics because he found his own laconic values in so many different kinds of genre material." He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for ''Sergeant York (film), Sergeant York'' (1941) and earned the Honorary Academy Award in 1974. A versatile director, Hawks explored many genres such as comedies, dramas, gangster films, science fiction, film noir, war films and Westerns. His most popular films include ''Scarface (1932 film), Scarface'' (1932), ''Bringing Up Baby'' (1938), ''Only Angels Have Wings'' (1939), ''His Girl Friday'' (1940), ''To Have and Have Not (film), To H ...
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Drama (film And Television)
In film and television show, television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or docudrama, semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humour, humorous in tone. The drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular super-genre, macro-genre, or micro-genre, such as soap opera, police procedural, police crime drama, political drama, legal drama, historical drama, domestic drama, Drama (film and television)#Teen drama, teen drama, and comedy drama (dramedy). These terms tend to indicate a particular Setting (narrative), setting or subject matter, or they combine a drama's otherwise serious tone with elements that encourage a broader range of Mood (literature), moods. To these ends, a primary element in a drama is the occurrence of Conflict (process), conflict—emotional, social, or otherwise—and its resolution in the course of the storyline. All forms of Film industry, cinema or television that involve Fiction, fiction ...
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Solitary Confinement
Solitary confinement (also shortened to solitary) is a form of imprisonment in which an incarcerated person lives in a single Prison cell, cell with little or no contact with other people. It is a punitive tool used within the prison system to discipline or separate incarcerated individuals who are considered to be security risks to other incarcerated individuals or prison staff, as well as those who violate facility rules or are deemed disruptive. However, it can also be used as protective custody for incarcerated individuals whose safety is threatened by other prisoners. This is employed to separate them from the general prison population and prevent injury or death. A robust body of research has shown that solitary confinement has profound negative psychological, physical, and neurological effects on those who experience it, often lasting well beyond one's time in solitary. While corrections officials have stated that solitary confinement is a necessary tool for maintaining t ...
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Code Of Silence
A code of silence is a condition in effect when a person opts to withhold what is believed to be vital or important information voluntarily or involuntarily. The code of silence is usually followed because of threat of force or danger to oneself, or being branded as a traitor or an outcast within the unit or organization, as the experience of police whistleblower Frank Serpico illustrates. Police are known to have a well-developed blue wall of silence. A more well-known example of the code of silence is the '' omertà'', the Sicilian Mafia code of silence. See also * Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution * Stop Snitchin' * '' Spotlight'', a 2015 film that explores a communal code of silence that reigned during the Boston sex abuse scandal * Prisoner's dilemma The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual gain. Th ...
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Stool Pigeon
An informant (also called an informer or, as a slang term, a "snitch", "rat", "canary", "stool pigeon", "stoolie", "tout" or "grass", among other terms) is a person who provides privileged information, or (usually damaging) information intended to be intimate, concealed, or secret, about a person or organization to an agency, often a government or law enforcement agency. The term is usually used within the law-enforcement world, where informants are officially known as confidential human sources (CHS), or criminal informants (CI). It can also refer pejoratively to someone who supplies information without the consent of the involved parties."The Weakest Link: The Dire Consequences of a Weak Link in the Informant Handling and Covert Operations Chain-of-Command" by M Levine. ''Law Enforcement Executive Forum'', 2009 The term is commonly used in politics, industry, entertainment, and academia. In the United States, a confidential informant or "CI" is "any individual who provides ...
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Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly mental issues. Sometimes a psychiatrist works within a multi-disciplinary team, which may comprise clinical psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, and nursing staff. Psychiatrists have broad training in a biopsychosocial approach to the assessment and management of mental illness. As part of the clinical assessment process, psychiatrists may employ a mental status examination; a physical examination; brain imaging such as a computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography scan; and blood testing. Psychiatrists use pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or interventional approaches to treat mental disorders. Subspecialties The field of psychiatry has many subspecialties that ...
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Physician
A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as Specialty (medicine), specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practitioner, general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the Discipline (academia), academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, underlying diseases, and their treatment, which is the science of medicine, and a decent Competence (human resources ...
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Jute Mill
A jute mill is a factory for processing jute. There is evidence of jute fibre extraction dating back to the Han dynasty, with a fragment of jute paper being discovered in Dunhuang, in the Gansu Province. The first known mechanical jute mills are believed to have been converted flax mills, the oldest possibly being establish in Dundee, after a contract was agreed with the East India Company, for the supply of jute as a substitute for then scarce flax, in 1820. By the mid-1800s jute mills were being established in British India, George Acland's Mill of 1855, at Rishra, being the oldest. The world's largest jute mill was the Adamjee Jute Mills at Narayanganj in Bangladesh, which closed all operations in 2002. In popular culture Jack London worked in a jute mill before becoming a successful writer. In the 1931 Howard Hawks film ''The Criminal Code'', the main character Robert Graham spends six years working in a jute mill in prison. In the 1939 Charles Vidor film '' Those High Gr ...
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Convicted (1950 Film)
''Convicted'' is a 1950 American crime film noir directed by Henry Levin and starring Glenn Ford and Broderick Crawford. It was the third Columbia Pictures film adaptation of the 1929 stage play ''The Criminal Code'' by Martin Flavin, following Howard Hawks's ''The Criminal Code'' (1931) and John Brahm's ''Penitentiary'' (1938). Plot Joe Hufford is arrested after a fistfight in which a man is killed. District attorney George Knowland knows that Hufford did not intend to kill the man and offers his attorney a viable line of defense, but the attorney refuses to listen and Hufford is convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to prison. Several years into Hufford's sentence, Knowland is appointed as the prison's new warden and gives Hufford a highly desirable job as his personal chauffeur, which mostly involves driving Knowland's pretty daughter Kay around town. Hufford dreams of a life with Kay, who has become his greatest advocate. Following a failed escape attempt by other inmates ...
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Penitentiary (1938 Film)
''Penitentiary'' is a 1938 American crime film directed by John Brahm starring Walter Connolly, John Howard, Jean Parker and Robert Barrat. It was the second Columbia Pictures film adaptation of the 1929 stage play ''The Criminal Code'' by Martin Flavin, after Howard Hawk's ''The Criminal Code'' (1931) and followed by Henry Levin's ''Convicted'' (1950). Plot William Jordan (Howard) is befriended by the man who sent him to prison on a manslaughter charge, former DA (District attorney) now prison warden Matthews (Connolly). In order to give Jordan the opportunity to rehabilitate himself Matthews allows him to work as chauffeur to his daughter Elizabeth (Parker), though he's a bit uncomfortable when Elizabeth falls in love with the young convict. All of this extra effort goes out the window when Jordan, adhering to the "criminal code" of never snitching on a fellow con, allows himself to be implicated in the murder of another convict. Jordan is saved from the death penalty by ...
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Film Adaptation
A film adaptation transfers the details or story of an existing source text, such as a novel, into a feature film. This transfer can involve adapting most details of the source text closely, including characters or plot points, or the original source can serve as loose inspiration, with the implementation of only a few details. Although often considered a type of derivative work, film adaptation has been conceptualized recently by academic scholars such as Robert Stam as a dialogic process. While the most common form of film adaptation is the use of a novel as the basis, other works adapted into films include non-fiction (including journalism), autobiographical works, comic books, scriptures, plays, historical sources and even other films. Adaptation from such diverse resources has been a ubiquitous practice of filmmaking since the earliest days of cinema in nineteenth-century Europe. In contrast to when making a remake, movie directors usually take more creative liberties when c ...
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Cimarron (1931 Film)
''Cimarron'' is a 1931 Pre-Code Hollywood, pre-Code epic film, epic Western (genre), Western film starring Richard Dix and Irene Dunne, and directed by Wesley Ruggles. Released by RKO, it won Academy Awards for Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Picture, Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Adapted Screenplay (written by Howard Estabrook and based on Edna Ferber's 1930 novel ''Cimarron (novel), Cimarron''), and Academy Award for Best Production Design, Best Production Design (by Max Rée). Both Dix and Dunne were nominated for their leading roles, and Edward Cronjager for Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Best Cinematography, but did not win. Estelle Taylor, Edna May Oliver, and Roscoe Ates appeared in supporting roles. Epic in scope, spanning forty years from 1889 to 1929, ''Cimarron'' was RKO's most expensive production up to that date, as well as its first production to win the Best Picture Oscar. It was a critical success, although it did not recoup its pro ...
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