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Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide
Tetrabutylammonium tribromide, abbreviated to TBATB, is a pale orange solid with the formula (C4H9)4r3. It is a salt of the lipophilic tetrabutylammonium cation and the linear tribromide anion. The salt is sometimes used as a reagent used in organic synthesis as a conveniently weighable, solid source of bromine. Preparation The compound is prepared by treatment of solid tetra-''n''-butylammonium bromide with bromine vapor: : (C4H9)4r + Br2 → (C4H9)4r3 Instead of bromine, tetra-''n''-butylammonium bromide can also be reacted with vanadium pentoxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, or alternatively with ceric ammonium nitrate Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula . This orange-red, water-soluble cerium salt is a specialised oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis. Preparation, properties, .... See also * Tribromide * Tetrabutylammonium triiodide References Reagents for organic chemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide, DMF is an organic compound with the chemical formula . Its structure is . Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for 2,5-dimethylfuran, dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liquid is Miscibility, miscible with Water (molecule), water and the majority of organic liquids. DMF is a common solvent for chemical reactions. Dimethylformamide is odorless, but chemical purity, technical-grade or degraded samples often have a fishy smell due to impurity of dimethylamine. Dimethylamine degradation impurities can be removed by Sparging (chemistry), sparging samples with an inert gas such as argon or by sonication, sonicating the samples under reduced pressure. As its name indicates, it is structurally related to formamide, having two methyl groups in the place of the two hydrogens. DMF is a polar molecule, polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent with a high boiling point. It facilitates reactions that follow polar mechanisms, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetra-n-butylammonium Bromide
Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) is a quaternary ammonium salt with a bromide commonly used as a phase transfer catalyst. It is used to prepare many other tetrabutylammonium salts by salt metathesis reactions. The anhydrous form is a white solid. In addition to being cheap, tetrabutylammonium bromide is also environmentally friendly, has a greater degree of selectivity, is operationally simple, non-corrosive, and can be recycled easily as well. Preparation and reactions Tetrabutylammonium bromide can be prepared by the alkylation of tributylamine with 1-bromobutane. Tetrabutylammonium bromide is used to prepare other salts of the tetrabutylammonium cation by salt metathesis reactions. It serves as a source of bromide ions for substitution reactions. It is a commonly used phase transfer catalyst. As its melting point is just over 100 °C and decreases in the presence of other reagents, it can be considered an ionic liquid. Role in semi-clathrate formation TBAB is being ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reagents For Organic Chemistry
In chemistry, a reagent ( ) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. The terms ''reactant'' and ''reagent'' are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance ''consumed'' in the course of a chemical reaction. ''Solvents'', though involved in the reaction mechanism, are usually not called reactants. Similarly, ''catalysis, catalysts'' are not consumed by the reaction, so they are not reactants. In biochemistry, especially in connection with enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the reactants are commonly called substrate (biochemistry), substrates. Definitions Organic chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "reagent" denotes a chemical ingredient (a compound or mixture, typically of inorganic or small organic molecules) introduced to cause the desired transformation of an organic substance. Examples include the Collins reagent, Fenton's reagent, and Grignard reagents. Analytical chemistry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrabutylammonium Triiodide
Tetra-''n''-butylammonium triiodide (TBAI3) is a quaternary ammonium salt with a triiodide counterion. It is a common carrier of the triiodide used in chemical synthesis of photovoltaic materials, organic conductors and superconductors. In crystals, the triiodide moieties are linear and shows high crystallinity.{{Cite journal , last1=Brotherton , first1=Wendy S. , last2=Clark , first2=Ronald J. , last3=Zhu , first3=Lei , date=2012-08-03 , title=Synthesis of 5-Iodo-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles Mediated by in Situ Generated Copper(I) Catalyst and Electrophilic Triiodide Ion , url=https://doi.org/10.1021/jo300841c , journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry , volume=77 , issue=15 , pages=6443–6455 , doi=10.1021/jo300841c , pmid=22780866 , issn=0022-3263, url-access=subscription The crystals have a black appearance with a needle or plate-like habit. See also * Triiodide * Tetrabutylammonium tribromide Tetrabutylammonium tribromide, abbreviated to TBATB, is a pale orange s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribromide
Tribromide is the anion with the chemical formula Br3−, or salts containing it: * Tetrabutylammonium tribromide * Tetrabromophosphonium tribromide * Pyridinium perbromide Sodium and potassium tribromides can be prepared by reacting NaBr or KBr with aqueous bromine. : Br− + Br2 → Br3− Tribromide may also refer to binary chemical compounds containing three bromine atoms: * Actinium tribromide, AcBr3 * Aluminium tribromide, AlBr3 * Americium tribromide, AmBr3 * Antimony tribromide, SbBr3 * Arsenic tribromide, AsBr3 * Berkelium tribromide, BkBr3 * Bismuth tribromide, BiBr3 * Boron tribromide, BBr3 * Californium tribromide, CfBr3 * Cerium tribromide, CeBr3 * Chromium tribromide, CrBr3 * Curium tribromide, CmBr3 * Dysprosium tribromide, DyBr3 * Einsteinium tribromide, EsBr3 * Erbium tribromide, ErBr3 * Europium tribromide, EuBr3 * Ferric tribromide, FeBr3 * Gadolinium tribromide, GdBr3 * Gallium tribromide, GaBr3 * Gold tribromide, AuBr3 or Au2Br6 * Holm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopedia Of Reagents For Organic Synthesis
The ''Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis'' is published in print and online by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The online version is also known as e-EROS. The encyclopedia contains a description of the use of reagents used in organic chemistry. The eight-volume print version includes 3500 alphabetically arranged articles and the online version is regularly updated to include new reagents and catalyst Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quick ...s. References External links *Print version Encyclopedias of science Chemistry books {{encyclopedia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula . This orange-red, water-soluble cerium salt is a specialised oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis. Preparation, properties, and structure The anion is generated by dissolving in hot and concentrated nitric acid (). The salt consists of the hexanitratocerate(IV) anion and a pair of ammonium cations . The ammonium ions are not involved in the oxidising reactions of this salt. In the anion each nitrate group chelates the cerium atom in a bidentate manner as shown below: The anion has Th (idealized Oh) molecular symmetry. The core defines an icosahedron. is a strong one-electron oxidizing agent. In terms of its redox potential ( vs. N.H.E.) it is an even stronger oxidizing agent than (). Few shelf-stable reagents are stronger oxidants. In the redox process Ce(IV) is converted to Ce(III), a one-electron change, signaled by the fading of the solution c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula . In its pure form, it is a very pale blue liquid that is slightly more viscosity, viscous than Properties of water, water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", decomposes explosively when heated and has been used as both a monopropellant and an oxidizer in rocketry. Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species and the simplest peroxide, a compound having an oxygen–oxygen single bond. It decomposes slowly into water and elemental oxygen when exposed to light, and rapidly in the presence of organic or reactive compounds. It is typically stored with a Stabilizer (chemistry), stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution in an opaque bottle. Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body. Enzymes that u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanadium Pentoxide
Vanadium(V) oxide (''vanadia'') is the inorganic compound with the formula V2 O5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent. From the industrial perspective, it is the most important compound of vanadium, being the principal precursor to alloys of vanadium and is a widely used industrial catalyst. The mineral form of this compound, shcherbinaite, is extremely rare, almost always found among fumaroles. A mineral trihydrate, V2O5·3H2O, is also known under the name of navajoite. Chemical properties Reduction to lower oxides Upon heating a mixture of vanadium(V) oxide and vanadium(III) oxide, comproportionation occurs to give vanadium(IV) oxide, as a deep-blue solid: :V2O5 + V2O3 → 4 VO2 The reduction can also be effected by oxalic acid, carbon monoxide, and sulfur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Syntheses
''Inorganic Syntheses'' is a book series which aims to publish "detailed and foolproof" procedures for the synthesis of inorganic compounds. Although this series of books are edited, they usually are referenced like a journal, without mentioning the names of the checkers (referees) or the editor. A similar format is usually followed for the series '' Organic Syntheses''. Volumes See also * Organic SynthesesReferences {{chem-book-stub Book series introduced in 1939 ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromine
Bromine is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Br and atomic number 35. It is a volatile red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured vapour. Its properties are intermediate between those of chlorine and iodine. Isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig (in 1825) and Antoine Jérôme Balard (in 1826), its name was derived , referring to its sharp and pungent smell. Elemental bromine is very reactive and thus does not occur as a free element in nature. Instead, it can be isolated from colourless soluble crystalline mineral halide Ionic salt, salts analogous to table salt, a property it shares with the other halogens. While it is rather rare in the Earth's crust, the high solubility of the bromide ion (Br) has caused its Bromine cycle, accumulation in the oceans. Commercially the element is easily extracted from brine evaporation ponds, mostly in the United States and Israel. The mass of bromine in the oce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich (formally MilliporeSigma) is an American chemical, life science, and biotechnology company owned by the multinational chemical conglomerate Merck Group. Sigma-Aldrich was created in 1975 by the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company. It grew through various acquisitions until it had over 9,600 employees and was listed on the Fortune 1000. The company has two United States headquarters, in St. Louis and Burlington, MA and has operations in approximately 40 countries. In 2015, the multinational chemical conglomerate Merck Group acquired Sigma-Aldrich for $17 billion. The company is currently a part of Merck's life science business and in combination with Merck's earlier acquired Millipore Corporation, Millipore, operates as MilliporeSigma. It is headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts, United States. History Sigma Chemical Company of St. Louis and Aldrich Chemical Company of Milwaukee were both American specialty chemical companies when they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
