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Testament Of Ieyasu
, also known as Ieyasu precepts or Legacy of Ieyasu,Chamberlain, Basil Hall and W. B. Mason. (1901)A Handbook for Travellers in Japan, p. 74 was a formal statement made by Tokugawa Ieyasu. History Ieyasu was the head of the Tokugawa shogunate. His words were spoken and written down at the time of his abdication as ''shōgun''. Witnesses included Honda Masazumi (1565–1637) and two Buddhist priests. The original historical document is in the archives of the Tōshō-gū, Tōshō-gū shrine at Nikkō, Tochigi, Nikkō in Tochigi Prefecture. This political statement provided guidance to his successors. The "Testament of Ieyasu" is different from the "100 Articles" or "Legacy of Ieyasu", a much longer document discussing the practicalities of shogunate rule, at least partially drafted by his successors, which has been translated into English in 1874, 1919, & 1937. Translation A translation of Ieyasu's words is: :"Life is like walking along a long road shouldering a heavy load; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ieyasu Precepts
Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga, Oda Nobunaga and fellow Oda clan, Oda subordinate Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The son of a minor daimyo, Ieyasu once lived as a hostage under daimyo Imagawa Yoshimoto on behalf of his father. He later succeeded as daimyo after his father's death, serving as ally, vassal, and general of the Oda clan, and building up his strength under Oda Nobunaga. After Oda Nobunaga's death, Ieyasu was briefly a rival of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, before declaring his allegiance to Toyotomi and fighting on his behalf. Under Toyotomi, Ieyasu was relocated to the Kantō region, Kanto plains in eastern Japan, away from the Toyotomi power base in Osaka. He built Edo Castle, his castle in the fishing village of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ieyasu became the ''shōgun,'' and the Tokugawa clan governed Japan from Edo Castle in the eastern city of Edo (Tokyo), Edo (Tokyo) along with the ''daimyō'' lords of the ''samurai'' class. The Tokugawa shogunate organized Japanese society under the strict Edo society, Tokugawa class system and banned most foreigners under the isolationist policies of ''Sakoku'' to promote political stability. The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each ''daimyō'' administering a ''Han system, han'' (feudal domain), although the country was still nominally organized as provinces of Japan, imperial provinces. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan experienced rapid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdication
Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the Order of succession, succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of duty, in other societies (such as pre-Meiji Restoration Japan), abdication was a regular event and helped maintain stability during political succession. Historically, abdications have occurred both by force (where the regnant was ''Dethronement, dethroned'', thus forced to abdicate on pain of death or other severe consequences) and voluntarily. Some rulers are deemed to have abdicated wiktionary:in absentia, ''in absentia'', vacating the physical throne and thus their position of power, although these judgements were generally pronounced by successors with vested interests in seeing the throne abdicated, and often without or despite the direct input of the abdicating monarch. Recently, due to the largely ceremonial nature of the regnan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamakura period and Sengoku period when the shoguns themselves were figureheads, with real power in the hands of the of the Hōjō clan and of the Hosokawa clan. In addition, Taira no Kiyomori and Toyotomi Hideyoshi were leaders of the warrior class who did not hold the position of shogun, the highest office of the warrior class, yet gained the positions of and , the highest offices of the aristocratic class. As such, they ran their governments as its de facto rulers. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, although over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. The title was originally held by military commanders during the Heian period in the eighth and ninth centuries. When Minamoto no Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honda Masazumi
(1566 – April 5, 1637) was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period, who served the Tokugawa clan. He later became a ''daimyō'', and one of the first rōjū of the Tokugawa shogunate. Masazumi was born in 1565; he was the eldest son of Honda Masanobu. Father and son served Tokugawa Ieyasu together. Masazumi was in the main force at Sekigahara; after the battle, Masazumi was entrusted with the guardianship of the defeated Ishida Mitsunari. Masazumi was made a daimyo in 1608, with an income of 33,000 koku. Ieyasu trusted Honda sufficiently to have relied on him as an intermediary for diplomatic initiatives with China.Miauno Norihito (2003)''China in Tokugawa Foreign Relations: The Tokugawa Bakufu’s Perception of and Attitudes toward Ming-Qing China,'' p. 109.citing Fujii Jōji (藤井譲二). (1994). "Junana seiki no Nihon: buke no kokka no keisei" (十七世紀の日本：武家の国家の形成), in ''Iwanami kōza Nihon tsūshi'' (岩波 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tōshō-gū
A is a Shinto shrine in which Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543–1616), the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, is enshrined. List of Tōshō-gū, Tōshō-gūs are found throughout Japan. The most well-known Tōshō-gū is the Nikkō Tōshō-gū located in Nikkō, Tochigi, Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture. It is one of Japan's most popular destinations for Tourism, tourists and is part of "Shrines and Temples of Nikkō" World Heritage Site. Ueno Tōshō-gū at Ueno Park in Tokyo is also widely known. The Kunōzan Tōshō-gū is in Shizuoka Prefecture and rivals Nikkō's for decorative splendor. Another one is the Nagoya Tōshō-gū, constructed in 1619. A Tōshō-gū can also be found at Miyanochō, in Sendai. During the Edo period these shrines reached 500 in number, but after the Meiji Restoration many were abandoned, and others united with shrines in the area. Presently, it is estimated that there are about 130 Tōshō-gū. The National Tōshō-gū Association lists a total of 48 shrines. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tochigi Prefecture
is a landlocked Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 Square kilometre, km2 (2,474 Square mile, sq mi). Tochigi Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Gunma Prefecture to the west, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the southeast. Utsunomiya is the capital and largest city of Tochigi Prefecture, with other major cities including Oyama, Tochigi, Oyama, Tochigi, Tochigi, Tochigi, and Ashikaga, Tochigi, Ashikaga. Tochigi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures and its mountainous northern region is a popular tourist region in Japan. The Nasu District, Tochigi, Nasu area is known for its onsens, local sake, and Skiing, ski resorts, the villa of the Imperial House of Japan, Imperial Family, and the station of the Shinkansen railway line. The city of Nikkō, Tochigi, Nikkō, with its ancien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Murdoch (Scottish Orientalist)
James Murdoch (27 September 1856 – 30 October 1921) was a Scottish Orientalist scholar and journalist, who worked as a teacher in the Empire of Japan and Australia.D. C. S. SissonsMurdoch, James (1856–1921) ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', anu.edu.au. Retrieved15 November 2022. From 1903 to 1917, he wrote his "monumental"Sukehiro Hirakawa, Japan's Love-Hate Relationship with the West', Chapter 3:4: "Natsume Sōseki and His Teacher James Murdoch: Their Opposite Views on the Modernization of Japan", Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental, 2005, pp. 249–279. Retrieved 15 November 2022. three-volume ''A History of Japan'', the first comprehensive history of Japan in the English language (the third volume being published posthumously in 1926). In 1917 he began teaching Japanese at the University of Sydney and in 1918 he was appointed the foundation professor of the School of Oriental Studies there. Early life James Murdoch was born in the Kirktown of Fetteresso, a village on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethics Essays
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches include normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics. Normative ethics aims to find general principles that govern how people should act. Applied ethics examines concrete ethical problems in real-life situations, such as abortion, treatment of animals, and business practices. Metaethics explores the underlying assumptions and concepts of ethics. It asks whether there are objective moral facts, how moral knowledge is possible, and how moral judgments motivate people. Influential normative theories are consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. According to consequentialists, an act is right if it leads to the best consequences. Deontologists focus on acts themselves, saying that they must adhere to duties, like telling the truth and keeping promises. Virtue ethics see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
