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Tervakoski Oy
Tervakoski Oy is a Finnish paper industry company. Its paper mill, founded in 1818, is located in the village of Tervakoski in Janakkala, Tavastia Proper. Since 1999, it has been owned by the Austrian company Delfort Group. By the end of 2022, the company made €207,9 million in turnover and its result was €13 million with the company's net profit percentage being 6.28%. In the years 1956–1984, the company gained a controversial reputation when a paper mill polluted Tervajoki River and Lake Kernaala with PCB compounds. PCB concentrations are still so high that restrictions have been placed on the use of fish in the lake. See also * Forest industry in Finland * Papermaking Papermaking is the manufacture of paper and cardboard, which are used widely for printing, writing, and packaging, among many other purposes. Today almost all paper is Pulp and paper industry, made using industrial machinery, while handmade pape ... * Tervakoski Church Sources Further readi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osakeyhtiö
(; " stock company"), often abbreviated to Oy (), is the term for a Finnish limited company (e.g., Ltd, LLC, or GmbH). The Swedish-language term is , often abbreviated (in Finland) to Ab. The Swedish abbreviation is sometimes included, as in ''Ab Company Oy'', ''Oy Company Ab'', or ''Company Oy Ab''. The abbreviations have been styled in many ways, such as ''Oy'', ''OY'', ''O.Y.'', or even ''O/Y''. The English form is ''Ltd.'' ''Julkinen osakeyhtiö'' ''Julkinen osakeyhtiö'' (pl. ''julkiset osakeyhtiöt'') means "public stock company" and is abbreviated to Oyj (). A ''julkinen osakeyhtiö'' can be listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange. The term's Swedish equivalent is Abp (''publikt aktiebolag''). A ''julkinen osakeyhtiö'' may be called a public limited company or public company A public company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of share capital, stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter (finance), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kernaalanjärvi
Kernaalanjärvi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is situated in the municipality of Janakkala in the Tavastia Proper region. The lake is part of Kokemäenjoki basin and it drains into Lake Vanajavesi through Hiidenjoki River. See also *List of lakes in Finland Most lakes in Finland are small, but there are 309 lakes or reservoirs with a surface area larger than 10 km². There are about 5,600 lakes in Finland that are larger than 0.1 km² (10 hectares or 100'000 square metres), and 187,888 lakes ... References Kokemäenjoki basin Landforms of Kanta-Häme Lakes of Janakkala {{SouthernFinland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manufacturing Companies Established In 1818
Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of the secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high-tech, but it is most commonly applied to industrial design, in which raw materials from the primary sector are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products (such as aircraft, household appliances, furniture, sports equipment or automobiles), or distributed via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers (usually through wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers, who then sell them to individual customers). Manufacturing engineering is the field of engineering that designs and optimizes the manufacturing process, or the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Kanta-Häme
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tervakoski Church
The Tervakoski Church (; also known as the Little Church of Tervakoski (), is the 20th-century wooden church located in the village of Tervakoski in the Janakkala municipality in Tavastia Proper, Finland. History In 1935, the Tervakoski Little Church Association (''Tervakosken pikkukirkkoyhdistys'') was founded, the goal of which was to have a church in its own village as well. In the second year of its operation, the Little Church Association built a wooden church designed by architect in the middle of the village. The church building was built with the communal work by the villagers. The Tervakoski Paper Mill near the church also supported the construction project. In 1973, the church came under the ownership and management of the Janakkala Parish. See also * Tervakoski Oy Sources References External links * Tervakoski Churchat Janakkalan seurakunta Tervakosken paperitehdas ja yhdyskuntaat Finnish Heritage Agency The Finnish Heritage Agency (, ), previously known in En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papermaking
Papermaking is the manufacture of paper and cardboard, which are used widely for printing, writing, and packaging, among many other purposes. Today almost all paper is Pulp and paper industry, made using industrial machinery, while handmade paper survives as a specialized craft and a medium for paper art, artistic expression. In papermaking, a dilute suspension consisting mostly of separate cellulose fibres in water is drained through a sieve-like screen, so that a mat of randomly interwoven fibres is laid down. Water is further removed from this sheet by pressing, sometimes aided by suction or vacuum, or heating. Once dry, a generally flat, uniform and strong sheet of paper is achieved. Before the invention and current widespread adoption of automated machinery, all paper was made by hand, formed or laid one sheet at a time by specialized laborers. Even today those who make paper by hand use tools and technologies quite similar to those existing hundreds of years ago, as origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Industry In Finland
Forest industry in Finland consists of mechanical (timber) and chemical (paper and pulp) forest industry. Finland is one of the world's largest producer of pulp, paper and cardboard and one of Europe's largest producers of sawn timber. The forest industry directly and indirectly employs approximately 160,000 people in Finland. The industry's multiplier effects extend broadly into surrounding society. Log driving had begun by the 17th century in Finland (''tukinuitto'') with long rivers such as Oulujoki, Iijoki and Kemijoki being used. The total length of timber-floating routes in Finland was 40,000 km. Given the economic importance of the activity, the Finnish water act states that "unless otherwise provided by law, everyone has the right, without inflicting unnecessary damage, harm or disturbance, to… float timber in the water body…". A log driver competitions is still organised in Finland annually – the Tukkilaiskisat. In 2014 the value of production of forest indu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organochlorine compounds with the formula Carbon, C12Hydrogen, H10−''x''Chloride, Cl''x''; they were once widely used in the manufacture of carbonless copy paper, as heat transfer fluids, and as dielectric and coolant fluids for electrical equipment. They are highly toxic and carcinogenic chemical compounds, formerly used in industrial and consumer electronic products, whose production was banned internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. Because of their longevity, PCBs are still widely in use, even though their manufacture has declined drastically since the 1960s, when a multitude of problems was identified. With the discovery of PCBs' environmental toxicity, and classification as persistent organic pollutants, their production was banned for most uses by United States federal law on January 1, 1978. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) rendered PCBs as definite carcinogens i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kauppalehti
''Kauppalehti'' () is a commerce-oriented newspaper published in Helsinki, Finland. The paper has been in circulation since 1898. History and profile ''Kauppalehti'' was established by the Finnish Businessmen's Association in 1898. Since 1919 the paper is published five or six times per week. ''Kauppalehti'' is owned by the Business Information Group of Alma Media and is based in Helsinki. The sister papers of ''Kauppalehti'' are '' Iltalehti'' and ''Aamulehti''. Their publisher is the Kustannus Oy Kauppalehti, and ''Kauppalehti'' is published in tabloid format. In 2002 ''Kauppalehti'' began to offer a supplement, ''Saldo'', together with the magazine '' Tekniikka ja Talous''. The paper published a Saturday supplement, '' Presso'', from October 2004 to December 2007. ''Kauppalehti'' is the first Finnish newspaper which launched paywall A paywall is a method of restricting access to content (media), content, with a purchase or a subscription business model, paid subscripti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulp And Paper Industry
The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Manufacturing process In the manufacturing process, pulp is introduced into a paper machine where it is shaped into a paper web and water is extracted through pressing and drying stages. Pressing involves removing water from the sheet by applying force. This process employs a specialized type of felt, distinct from traditional felt, to absorb the water. In contrast, hand-made paper uses a blotter sheet for this purpose. Drying involves eliminating water from the paper sheets through air or heat. Historically, this was achieved by hanging the sheets to dry, similar to laundry. In modern papermaking, various heated drying mechanisms are employed, with the steam-heated can dryer being the most prevalent on paper machines. History Papermaking as a craft is ancient, and for centuries it used various fibers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanta-Häme
Kanta-Häme (; ), sometimes referred to as Tavastia Proper, is a Regions of Finland, region (, ) of Finland. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, Päijänne Tavastia, Päijät-Häme, and Uusimaa (region), Uusimaa. Before the official adoption of the name ''Kanta-Häme'' in 1998, the region was commonly known as Häme. Hämeenlinna is the largest urban area in the region. There are two other municipalities of Finland, municipalities that have township status: Riihimäki and Forssa. Historical provinces The Kanta-Häme region has been inhabited since the Stone Age. The first written mention of the Tavastia (historical province), historical province of Tavastia is found in the Novgorod First Chronicle, Chronicle of Novgorod, in reference to a military campaign launched by Vladimir the Great, Prince Vladimir in 1042. The region had been ruled by the Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521), Swedes since the late 13th century, when Birger Jarl led the Second Swedish Crus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paper Mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags, and other ingredients. Prior to the invention and adoption of the Fourdrinier machine and other types of paper machine that use an endless belt, all paper in a paper mill was made by hand, one sheet at a time, by specialized laborers. History Historical investigations into the origin of the paper mill are complicated by differing definitions and loose terminology from modern authors: Many modern scholars use the term to refer indiscriminately to all kinds of mills, whether powered by humans, by animals or by water. Their propensity to refer to any ancient paper manufacturing center as a "mill", without further specifying its exact power source, has increased the difficulty of identifying the particularly efficient and historically important water-powered type. Human and animal-powered mills The use of human and animal powered mills was known to Muslim and Chinese paper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
