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Territorial Control Plan
The Territorial Control Plan ( es, link=no, Plan Control Territorial, abbreviated PCT) is an ongoing Salvadoran security and anti-gang program. The program consists of six phases and a potential seventh phase if phases one through six are unsuccessful. In 2019, the Salvadoran government estimated that the Territorial Control Plan would cost US$575.2 million in total. Background Criminal gangs in El Salvador Criminal gangs have been a major problem in El Salvador since the conclusion of the Salvadoran Civil War in 1992. The country's most prominent gangs include Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), the 18th Street gang (Barrio 18), Mao Mao, Miranda Loca, and La Maquina, among others. Most Salvadoran gangs were formed in the United States; some gangs, such as MS-13, were formed by refugees of the Salvadoran Civil War to protect themselves from Mexican American and African American gangs, meanwhile, other gangs, such as Barrio 18, formed as splinter groups of other gangs. Most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvadoran Gang Crackdown
The Salvadoran gang crackdown, referred to in El Salvador as the régimen de excepción (Spanish language, Spanish for ''state of exception'') and the guerra contra las pandillas (Spanish for ''war against gangs''), began in March 2022 in response to a crime spike between 25 and 27 March 2022, when 87 people were killed in El Salvador. The Salvadoran government blamed the spike in murders on criminal gangs in the country, resulting in the country's Legislative Assembly of El Salvador, legislature approving a state of emergency that suspended the rights of association and legal counsel, and increased the time spent in detention without charge, among other measures that expanded the powers of law enforcement in the country. , 81,110 people accused of having gang affiliations have been arrested, which has overcrowded El Salvador's prisons and has led the country to have the highest incarceration rate in the world by 2023. As of 16 May 2023, 5,000 people who were arrested have be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In El Salvador
There are an estimated 25,000 gang members at large in El Salvador; another 43,500 are in prison.Guillermoprieto, Alma"In the New Gangland of El Salvador,"''The New York Review of Books'', 10 November 2011. The best-known gangs, called '' maras'' in colloquial Salvadoran Spanish, are Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and their rivals 18th Street; ''maras'' are hunted by death squads, including '' Sombra Negra''. Newer rivals include the rising ''mara'', The Rebels 13. Criminal youth gangs dominate life in El Salvador; an estimation of at least 60,000 young people belong to gangs. It is one of the three countries of the Northern Triangle of Central America, along with neighboring Guatemala and Honduras, which are all afflicted with high levels of violence. In 2012, El Salvador saw a 41% drop in crime compared to 2011 figures due to what the Salvadoran government called a gang truce. In early 2012, there were an average of 16 killings per day, but in late March that number dropped to fewe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012–2014 Salvadoran Gang Truce
From March 2012 to May 2014, the Government of El Salvador, Salvadoran government, the Catholic Church in El Salvador, Catholic Church, and the country's two largest criminal gangs, MS-13, Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and the 18th Street gang (Barrio 18), came to a Ceasefire, truce, known in El Salvador simply as the Gang Truce ( es, Tregua entre Pandillas), to lower the List of countries by intentional homicide rate, country's rate of homicides and extortions in exchange for improved prison conditions and certain visitation privileges. The truce's principal negotiators were Minister of Public Security David Munguía Payés, former deputy , and Bishop , and the negotiations were overseen by President Mauricio Funes. The existence of the truce was alleged by the online newspaper ''El Faro (digital newspaper), El Faro'' in early March 2012, after 30 gang leaders were transferred from a maximum-security prison to a lower-security prison, and confirmed after representatives from the gan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church In El Salvador
The Catholic Church in El Salvador is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome and the Episcopal Conference of El Salvador. There are almost 5 million Catholics in El Salvador. The country is divided into eight dioceses including one archdiocese, San Salvador. The Constitution explicitly recognizes the Catholic Church and it has legal status. Despite its legal status, Catholicism in El Salvador has been in decline for the last 17 years with the most devout members above age 53. According to some sources, Catholicism is only adhered to by 39% of its populace. However, the religion remains a majority in all age groups, although it is a slim majority among the young. Catholicism is most dominant in the San Vicente Department and weakest in Santa Ana. In the fall of 2018, El Salvador had its first saint, Blessed Oscar Romero. History and society Catholicism began in the nation in the sixteenth century with the invasion of Pedro d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauricio Funes (Brasilia, May 2008)
Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena (born 18 October 1959) is a Salvadoran politician and former journalist who served as the 41st President of El Salvador from 2009 to 2014. Funes won the 2009 presidential election as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) party and took office on 1 June 2009. Since 2016, Funes and his immediate family have been living in exile in Nicaragua due to allegations of criminality during his tenure. In July 2023, he was placed under sanctions by the U.S. State Department due to his conviction in absentia for negotiations related to the gang truces he made while in office, illicit enrichment, and tax evasion. Early life and education Funes was born in San Salvador. He received his high school diploma (Bachillerato) from the Externado San José, and studied at Universidad Centroamericana but did not graduate. Both Externado and UCA are Jesuit institutions, and Funes has mentioned his relationship to the Jesuits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curfew
A curfew is a government order specifying a time during which certain regulations apply. Typically, curfews order all people affected by them to ''not'' be in public places or on roads within a certain time frame, typically in the evening and nighttime hours. Such an order may be issued by public authorities but also by the owner of a house to those living in the household. For instance, an au pair was typically given a curfew, which regulates when they must return to the host family's home in the evening. Curfews were a common element of control used in martial law, though curfews can also be implemented for public safety in the event of a disaster, pandemic, or crisis. Etymology The word "curfew" comes from the Old French phrase "''couvre-feu''", which means "cover fire". It was later adopted into Middle English as "curfeu", which later became the modern "curfew". Its original meaning refers to a law made by William the Conqueror that all lights and fires should be covere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Militarization
Militarization, or militarisation, is the process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence. It is related to militarism, which is an ideology that reflects the level of militarization of a state. The process of militarization involves many interrelated aspects that encompass all levels of society. Geopolitical The perceived level of threat influences what potential for violence or warfare the state must achieve to assure itself an acceptable level of security. When the perceived level of threat is low, as with Canada, a country may have a relatively small military and level of armament. However, in Israel, the threat of attack from neighbouring countries means that the armed forces and defense have a high profile and are given significant funding and personnel. This threat may involve the: :* Balance of power of neighboring states (pre-World War I Europe, for example.) :*Terrorism, rogue states, weapons of mass destruction and state terror :*Threats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Assembly Of El Salvador
The Legislative Assembly ( es, Asamblea Legislativa) is the legislative branch of the government of El Salvador. Structure The Salvadoran legislature is a unicameral body. It is made up of 84 deputies, all of whom are elected by direct popular vote according to open-list proportional representation to serve three-year terms and are eligible for immediate re-election. Of these, 64 are elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies, corresponding to the country's 14 departments, which return between 3 and 16 deputies each. The remaining 20 deputies are selected on the basis of a single national constituency. To be eligible for election to the Assembly, candidates must be (Art. 126, Constitution): *over 25; *Salvadoran citizens by birth, born of at least one parent to be a Salvadorian citizen; *of recognised honesty and education, and *have not had the privilege of one's rights as a citizen cancelled in the previous five years. Current Standing by Party XIII legislative composi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauricio Funes
Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena (born 18 October 1959) is a Salvadoran politician and former journalist who served as President of El Salvador from 2009 to 2014. Funes won the 2009 presidential election as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) party and took office on 1 June 2009. Early life and education Funes was born in San Salvador. He received his high school diploma (Bachillerato) from the Externado San José, and studied at Universidad Centroamericana but did not graduate. Both Externado and UCA are Jesuit institutions, something that has deeply influenced president Funes. In this respect, Funes has mentioned his relationship to the Jesuits murdered by the Salvadoran military in 1989 as of particular significance in his professional and personal development. In 1994 he was awarded the Maria Moors Cabot prize from Columbia University for promoting press freedom and inter-American understanding. Funes' brother was killed during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Overcrowding
Prison overcrowding is a social phenomenon occurring when the demand for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners. The issues associated with prison overcrowding are not new, and have been brewing for many years. During the United States' War on Drugs, the states were left responsible for solving the prison overcrowding issue with a limited amount of money. Moreover, federal prison populations may increase if states adhere to federal policies, such as mandatory minimum sentences. On the other hand, the Justice Department provides billions of dollars a year for state and local law enforcement to ensure they follow the policies set forth by the federal government concerning U.S. prisons. Prison overcrowding has affected some states more than others, but overall, the risks of overcrowding are substantial and there are solutions to this problem. Prison history The prison system started in Europe in the 16th century. The main focus of imprisonment at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Saca
Elías Antonio "Tony" Saca González (born 9 March 1965) is a Salvadoran politician who was President of El Salvador from 1 June 2004 to 1 June 2009. He is currently serving a minimum 10-year prison sentence on corruption charges. Early life Born in Santa Elena, Usulutan, Saca is of Palestinian descent on his father's side, from a family of Catholic immigrants who arrived in El Salvador in the early 20th century from the town of Bethlehem. Saca's Muslim maternal grandfather, Musa Ali Saleh, changed his name to Moises Gonzalez. Saca's maternal side is the Flores family. Prior to becoming president, Saca was a broadcast journalist, specializing in sports radio and a prominent businessman. He attended the University of Central America. He is an outspoken Evangelical Protestant and has expressed his faith through his historic friendliness with Salvadoran and American Protestant churches. Saca married Ana Ligia Mixco Sol de Saca on 11 August 1989. The couple have three children, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Mano Dura
La Mano Dura ("Firm Hand" or "Iron Fist") is a set of tough-on-crime policies put in place by the Salvadoran government in response to the problem of gang violence. These policies were put in place in response to popular calls for the government to do something about the problem of rampant crime, and have enjoyed consistent popular support. They have come under criticism, however, for the continued high levels of violence in El Salvador and human rights concerns. Policy Gang violence became an increasingly difficult problem for El Salvador in the 1990s and early 2000s, in the wake of the country's civil war. During that war, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled to the United States, many of them settling in Los Angeles. It was in southern California that the two largest Central American gangs, Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and Calle 18, were formed. After the end of the Salvadoran Civil War, the United States began deporting thousands of arrested gang members. This brought s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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