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Tenzing Namgyal
Tenzing Namgyal ( Sikkimese: ; Wylie: ''bstan 'dzin rnam rgyal'') was the sixth Chogyal (king) of Sikkim. He succeeded Phuntsog Namgyal II in 1780 and was succeeded himself by Tsugphud Namgyal in 1793. In 1775, possibly with Bhutanese support, Sikkim was invaded by the ascendant Gorkha Empire, Tibet mediated a peace treaty between Nepal and Sikkim that forbade the Gorkhas from collaborating with the Bhutanese or making any moves against Sikkim. In 1778, the Nepalese ruler Pratap Singh Shah broke the terms of the treaty and attacked Sikkim. The Nepalese would occupy Sikkim for four years, annexing a considerable part of its western territories, and the Chogyal was exiled to Tibet for the remainder of his reign. Following the Sino-Nepalese War, the 1792 peace treaty forced the Gorkhas to leave Sikkim, though the lost western territories were not restored (though the 1817 Treaty of Titalia The Treaty of Titalia was signed between the chogyal (monarch) of the Kingdom of Sikkim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chogyal Of Sikkim
The Chogyal ("Dharma Kings", ) were the monarchs of the former Kingdom of Sikkim, which belonged to the Namgyal dynasty, . The Chogyal was the absolute monarch of Sikkim from 1642 to 1973, and the constitutional monarch from 1973 to 1975, when the monarchy was abolished and the Sikkimese people voted in a referendum to make Sikkim the 22nd state of India. History From 1642 to 1975, Sikkim was ruled by the Namgyal Monarchy (also called the Chogyal Monarchy), founded by Phuntsog Namgyal, the fifth-generation descendant of Guru Tashi, a prince of the Minyak House who came to Sikkim from the Kham province of Tibet. Chogyal means 'righteous ruler', and was the title conferred upon Sikkim's Buddhist kings during the reign of the Namgyal Monarchy. The reign of the Chogyal was foretold by the patron saint of Sikkim, Guru Rinpoche. The 8th-century saint had predicted the rule of the kings when he arrived in the state. In 1642, Phuntsog Namgyal was crowned as Sikkim's first C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phuntsog Namgyal II
Phuntsog Namgyal II ( Sikkimese: ; Wylie: ') was the fifth Chogyal (king) of Sikkim. He succeeded Gyurmed Namgyal in 1733 and was succeeded himself by Tenzing Namgyal Tenzing Namgyal ( Sikkimese: ; Wylie: ''bstan 'dzin rnam rgyal'') was the sixth Chogyal (king) of Sikkim. He succeeded Phuntsog Namgyal II in 1780 and was succeeded himself by Tsugphud Namgyal in 1793. In 1775, possibly with Bhutanese support ... in 1780. Early in his reign, a powerful Bhutia minister named Tamding attempted to overthrow the Chogyal, declaring himself king in opposition in 1738. For three years, a civil war raged between supporters of the Chogyal and supporters of Tamding before the pretender was defeated, but unrest continued in the kingdom. Tibet dispatched Rabden Sharpa as a regent in 1747 to help restore order. He not only restored peace to Sikkim but introduced an annual census and taxation system to Sikkim. Rabden also introduced the Mangsher Convention, Sikkim's first constitution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsugphud Namgyal
Tsugphud Namgyal ( Sikkimese: ; Wylie: ''gtsug phud rnam rgyal'') (1785–1863) was king of Sikkim from 1793 to 1863. He gained independence from Nepal in 1815 and ruled under a British protectorate from 1861. Under his father Tenzing Namgyal, most of Sikkim was appropriated by Nepal. Tshudpud Namgyal returned to Sikkim in 1793 to reclaim the throne. Because the capital of Rabdentse was too close to the Nepalese border, he shifted the capital to Tumlong. His mother was ''Gyalyum'' Anyo, a daughter of Chandzod Karwang. Sikkim allied itself with the British in India, who also considered Nepal an enemy. Nepal overran most of the region, sparking the Gurkha War in 1814 with the British East India Company. The Sugauli Treaty and Treaty of Titalia returned the annexed territory to Sikkim in 1817. In 1835, Tsugphud Namgyal ceded Darjeeling to the East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chogyal
The Chogyal ("Dharma Kings", ) were the monarchs of the former Kingdom of Sikkim, which belonged to the Namgyal dynasty, . The Chogyal was the absolute monarch of Sikkim from 1642 to 1973, and the constitutional monarch from 1973 to 1975, when the monarchy was abolished and the Sikkimese people voted in a referendum to make Sikkim the 22nd state of India. History From 1642 to 1975, Sikkim was ruled by the Namgyal Monarchy (also called the Chogyal Monarchy), founded by Phuntsog Namgyal, the fifth-generation descendant of Guru Tashi, a prince of the Minyak House who came to Sikkim from the Kham province of Tibet. Chogyal means 'righteous ruler', and was the title conferred upon Sikkim's Buddhist kings during the reign of the Namgyal Monarchy. The reign of the Chogyal was foretold by the patron saint of Sikkim, Guru Rinpoche. The 8th-century saint had predicted the rule of the kings when he arrived in the state. In 1642, Phuntsog Namgyal was crowned as Sikkim's firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century Before the Common Era, BCE. It is the Major religious groups, world's fourth-largest religion, with about 500 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population. It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to Western world, the West in the 20th century. According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of bhavana, development which leads to Enlightenment in Buddhism, awakening and moksha, full liberation from ''Duḥkha, dukkha'' (). He regarded this path as a Middle Way between extremes su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikkimese Language
Bhutia (, THL: ''dren jong ké,'' ; "rice valley language"), is a language of the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken by the Bhutia people in Sikkim in northeast India, parts of Koshi province in eastern Nepal, and Bhutan. It is one of the official languages of Sikkim. The Bhutia refer to their own language as Drendzongké (also spelled ''Drenjongké'', ''Dranjoke'', ''Denjongka'', ''Denzongpeke'' or ''Denzongke'') and their homeland as Drendzong (, "Rice Valley"). Up until 1975, Bhutia was not a written language. After gaining Indian statehood, the language was introduced as a school subject in Sikkim and the written language was developed. Script Bhutia is written using Sambhota script and Zhang Yeshe De Script, which it inherited from Classical Tibetan. Bhutia phonology and lexicon differ markedly from Classical Tibetan, however. SIL International thus describes the Bhutia writing system as "Bodhi style". According to SIL, 68% of Bhutia were literate in the Tibetan script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wylie Transliteration
Wylie transliteration is a method for Transliteration, transliterating Tibetan script using only the letters available on a typical English-language typewriter. The system is named for the American scholar Turrell V. Wylie, who created the system and published it in a 1959 ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' article. It has subsequently become a standard transliteration scheme in Tibetan studies, especially in the United States. Any Tibetic languages, Tibetan language romanization scheme faces the dilemma of whether it should seek to accurately reproduce the sounds of spoken Tibetan or the spelling of written Tibetan. These differ widely, as Tibetan orthography became fixed in the 11th century, while pronunciation continued to language change, evolve, comparable to the English orthography and French orthography, which reflect late medieval pronunciation. Previous transcription schemes sought to split the difference with the result that they achieved neither goal perfectly. Wyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikkim
Sikkim ( ; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Koshi Province of Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also close to the Siliguri Corridor, which borders Bangladesh. Sikkim is the List of states and union territories of India by population, least populous and List of states and union territories of India by area, second-smallest among the Indian states. Situated in the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim is notable for its biodiversity, including Alpine climate, alpine and subtropical climates, as well as being a host to Kangchenjunga, the List of mountains in India, highest peak in India and List of highest mountains on Earth, third-highest on Earth. Sikkim's Capital (political), capital and largest city is Gangtok. Almost 35% of the state is covered by Khangchendzonga National Park – a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Kingdom of Si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratap Singh Shah
Pratap Singh Shah, King of Nepal (), (16 April 1751– 17 November 1777), was King of Nepal. He was the eldest son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, the king who started the unification of Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch .... He became king at the age of 24 in 1775. Pratap Singh Shah ruled for only 36 months, up to 1777, and died of smallpox at the age of 26. He was succeeded by his two-year-old son Rana Bahadur Shah. He did not actively participate in the unification campaign led by his father. The boundaries of Nepal continued to extend after his reign, as his wife Rajendra Laxmi and his brother Prince Bahadur Shah continued the unification campaign as regents of his son Ranabahadur Shah. References , - 1751 births 1777 deaths Kings of Nepal Nepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Nepalese War
The Sino-Nepalese War (), also known as the Sino-Gorkha War and in Chinese as the campaign of Gorkha (), was a war fought between the Qing dynasty of China and the Kingdom of Nepal in the late 18th century following an invasion of Tibet by the Nepalese Nepali people, Gorkhas. It was initially fought between Gorkhas and Tibetan armies in 1788 over a trade dispute related to a long-standing problem of low-quality coins manufactured by Nepal for Tibet. The Nepalese Army under Bahadur Shah of Nepal, Bahadur Shah plundered Tibet which was a Tibet under Qing rule, Qing protectorate and Tibetans signed the Treaty of Kerung paying annual tribute to Nepal. However, Tibetans requested Chinese intervention and the Chinese imperial military forces under Fuk'anggan were sent to Tibet and repulsed the Gurkhas from the Tibetan plateau in 1792. Sino-Tibetan forces marched into Nepal up to Nuwakot, Nuwakot, Nuwakot (near Nepal's capital Kathmandu) but faced a strong Nepalese counterattack. Thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Titalia
The Treaty of Titalia was signed between the chogyal (monarch) of the Kingdom of Sikkim and the British East India Company (EIC). The treaty, which was negotiated by Captain Barre Latter in February 1817, guaranteed security of Sikkim by the British and returned Sikkimese land annexed by the Nepalese over the centuries. It followed the Anglo-Nepalese War, 1814–1816. In return, the British were given trading rights and rights of passage up to the Tibet frontier. The treaty was signed at Titalia, now known as Tetulia Upazila, in the Rangpur District of present-day Bangladesh. In the Gazette of Sikkim, 1894 by H.H. Risley, it was written that "by the Treaty of Titalia, British India has assumed the position of Lord's paramount of Sikkim and a title to exercise a predominant influence in that State has remained undisputed." Provisions Signed by Captain Barre Latter as agent for the EIC and three Sikkimese officials, Nazir Chaina Tenjin, Macha Teinbah and Lama Duchim Longadoo, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchs Of Sikkim
A monarch () is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the Sovereign state, state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually, a monarch either personally inheritance, inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as ''the throne'' or ''the Crown, the crown'') or is elective monarchy, selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may self-proclaimed monarchy, proclaim oneself monarch, which may be backed and Legitimacy (political), legitimated through acclamation, right of conquest or a combination of means. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
