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Tempskyaceae
''Tempskya'' is an extinct genus of tree fern that lived during the Cretaceous period. Fossils have been found across both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The growth habit of ''Tempskaya'' was unlike that of any living fern or any other living plant, consisting of multiple conjoined dichotomous branching stems enmeshed within roots that formed a "false trunk". Description The trunk of ''Tempskya'' was actually a large collection of stems surrounded by adventitious roots. The false trunks can reach up to in height and up to in diameter. Small leaves grew from various points across the height of the trunk. This is in contrast to most tree ferns, where typically large leaves grow from the top of the trunk. Thin leaves have been discovered for the first time on ''Tempskya wyomingense'' specimens; the more commonly seen fossilized leaf bases show that they covered the upper part of the trunk. Hypothesized growth pattern Examination of cross sections of various ''Tempskya'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tempskya Sp
''Tempskya'' is an extinct genus of tree fern that lived during the Cretaceous period. Fossils have been found across both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The growth habit of ''Tempskaya'' was unlike that of any living fern or any other living plant, consisting of multiple conjoined dichotomous branching stems enmeshed within roots that formed a "false trunk". Description The trunk of ''Tempskya'' was actually a large collection of stems surrounded by adventitious roots. The false trunks can reach up to in height and up to in diameter. Small leaves grew from various points across the height of the trunk. This is in contrast to most tree ferns, where typically large leaves grow from the top of the trunk. Thin leaves have been discovered for the first time on ''Tempskya wyomingense'' specimens; the more commonly seen fossilized leaf bases show that they covered the upper part of the trunk. Hypothesized growth pattern Examination of cross sections of various ''Tempskya' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptosporangiate Fern
The Polypodiidae, commonly called leptosporangiate ferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, and the largest of these, being the largest group of living ferns, including some 11,000 species worldwide. The group has also been treated as the class Pteridopsida or Polypodiopsida, although other classifications assign them a different rank. Older names for the group include Filicidae and Filicales, although at least the "water ferns" (now the Salviniales) were then treated separately. The leptosporangiate ferns are one of the four major groups of ferns, with the other three being the eusporangiate ferns comprising the marattioid ferns (Marattiidae, Marattiaceae), the horsetails (Equisetiidae, Equisetaceae), and whisk ferns and moonworts. There are approximately 8465 species of living leptosporangiate ferns, compared with about 2070 for all other ferns, totalling 10535 species of ferns. Almost a third of leptosporangiate fern species are epiphytes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyatheales
The order Cyatheales, which includes most tree ferns, is a taxonomic order of the fern class, Polypodiopsida. No clear morphological features characterize all of the Cyatheales, but DNA sequence data indicate the order is monophyletic. Some species in the Cyatheales have tree-like growth forms from a vertical rhizome, others have shorter or horizontal expanding rhizomes. Some species have scales on the stems and leaves, while others have hairs. However, most plants in the Cyatheales are tree ferns and have trunk-like stems up to tall. It is unclear how many times the tree form has evolved and been lost in the order.Judd, W.S., C.S. Campbell, E.A. Kellogg, P.F. Stevens, and M.J. Donoghue (Eds.) 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. Description While the Cyatheales have been shown to be monophyletic through molecular analysis, no prominent morphological characteristics are common to the entire grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Carl Joseph Corda
August Carl Joseph Corda (1809–1849) was a Czech physician and mycologist. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing a botanical name. Early life and education Corda was born in Reichenberg (now Liberec), Bohemia on November 15, 1809. Corda's father was a textile seller. Both of Corda's parents died suddenly only a few weeks following his birth, and Corda was raised by his grandmother, attending the Normale School in Reichenberg. Corda's grandmother died in 1819 and Corda was sent to live with an "unacquainted family" for two years during which time he did not receive schooling. Two years later, Corda was transferred to the care of an uncle in Prague where he attended the "Lyceum of New Prague". As a result of family difficulties, Corda left the Lyceum in 1824 to attend polytechnical school. There, he studied physics under Franz Ignatz Cassian Hallaschka, chemistry under Josef Johann Steinmann, mineralogy under Franz Xaver Zippe, and botany under Ign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psaronius
''Psaronius'' was a Marattialean tree fern which grew to 10m in height, and is associated with leaves of the organ genus '' Pecopteris'' and other extinct tree ferns. Originally, ''Psaronius'' was a name for the petrified stems, but today the genus is used for the entire tree fern. ''Psaronius'' tree fern fossils are found from the Carboniferous through the Permian. Etymology The word Psaronius comes from the Greek ψαρονιος (''psaronius'', precious stone) the root of which is ψαρον (''psaron'', a starling bird.] The stone was used for ornamental purposes in Europe and acquired the name for its resemblance to the speckled pattern of the starling. In Germany, the stone was called staarstein. And in English, it was called either starry-stone or starling stone. Description Like many extinct trees, psaronius is known by various individual fossil parts that are not always found together. The main parts include: the root mantle, the stem, the fronds, the coziers (fid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mojado Formation
The Mojado Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period. Description The formation consists mostly of sandstone and shale, with some limestone, and siltstone. It rests conformably on the U-Bar Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Cowboy Spring Formation.The total thickness is . Lucas and his coinvestigators assigned the formation to the Bisbee Group and divided it into the Fryingpan Spring, Sarten, Beartooth, and Rattlesnake Ridge members. The Fryingpan Spring Member is interpreted as continental deltaic sedimentation. The Sarten Member is fluvial while the Rattlesnake Ridge Member represents a return to shallow marine conditions. Fossils The formation contains fossil mollusks such as gastropods, ammonites, and pelecypod, foraminifera, and scaphopods. These date the formation to the late Albian. History of investigation The formation name was first used by Zeller in 1962, but he did ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valanginian
In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous. It spans between 139.8 ± 3.0 Ma and 132.9 ± 2.0 Ma (million years ago). The Valanginian Stage succeeds the Berriasian Stage of the Lower Cretaceous and precedes the Hauterivian Stage of the Lower Cretaceous. Stratigraphic definitions The Valanginian was first described and named by Édouard Desor in 1853. It is named after Valangin, a small town north of Neuchâtel in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland. The base of the Valanginian is at the first appearance of calpionellid species '' Calpionellites darderi'' in the stratigraphic column. A global reference section (a GSSP) had in 2009 not yet been appointed. The top of the Valanginian (the base of the Hauterivian) is at the first appearance of the ammonite genus '' Acanthodiscus''. Subdivision The Valanginian is often subdivided in Lower and Upper substages. The Upper substage begins at the first appearance of ammonite speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulichinco Formation
The Mulichinco Formation is a geological formation in Argentina. It is Valanginian in age and is predominantly terrestrial, being deposited at a time of marine regression in the Neuquén Basin, and predominantly consists of siliciclastic rocks. Fossil content Dinosaur remains have been found in the formation, including those of the dicraeosaurid '' Pilmatueia''Coria et al., 2018 and carcharodontosaurid '' Lajasvenator''. Flora recovered from the formation includes the tree fern '' Tempskya dernbachii'' and horsetail ''Equisetites Equisetaceae, sometimes called the horsetail family, is the only extant family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', which comprises about twenty species. Evolution and systematics Equisetaceae is the only survivin ....'' References Bibliography * * * * {{issn, 0305-8719 Geologic formations of Argentina Lower Cretaceous Series of South America Cretaceous Argentina Valanginian Stage Mudstone formations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mugodzhar Hills
Mugodzhar Hills ( kk, Мұғалжар тауы, ''Mūğaljar tauy''; russian: Мугоджары, Мугоджарский хребет) or Mugodzhar Range Geonames is a series of s 275 miles (440 km) long in the of northwestern . They are considered to be a continuation of |
Santonian
The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004) Stratigraphic definition The Santonian Stage was established by French geologist Henri Coquand in 1857. It is named after the city of Saintes in the region of Saintonge, where the original type locality is located. The base of the Santonian Stage is defined by the appearance of the inoceramid bivalve '' Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus''. The GSSP (official reference profile) for the base of the Santonian Stage is located near Olazagutia, Spain; it was ratified by the Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy in 2012. The Santonian's top (the base of the Campanian Stage) is informally marked by the extinction of the crinoid '' Marsup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taneichi Formation
was a town located in Kunohe District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The village of Taneichi was created on April 1, 1889 within Kita-Kunohe District with the establishment of the municipality system. Kita-Kunohe District and Minami-Kunohe Districts merged to form Kunohe District on April 1, 1897. Taneichi was raised to town status on April 1, 1951, annexing the village of Nakano on February 11, 1955. On April 1, 2005, Taneichi merged with the town of Ōno (also from Kunohe District) to create the new town of Hirono. As of January 2006, the town had an estimated population of 13,449 and a population density of 79.79 persons per km2. The total area was 168.55 km2. Geography Climate Education The following table lists Taneichi's schools. Elementary schools (municipal) *Taneichi Elementary School - 種市小学校 *Hiranai Elementary School - 平内小学校 * Kadonohama Elementary School - 角浜小学校 * Jounai Elementary/Junior High School - 城内小中学校 * Yam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground Tissue
The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. It can be divided into three types based on the nature of the cell walls. # Parenchyma cells have thin primary walls and usually remain alive after they become mature. Parenchyma forms the "filler" tissue in the soft parts of plants, and is usually present in cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays in primary stem and root. # Collenchyma cells have thin primary walls with some areas of secondary thickening. Collenchyma provides extra mechanical and structural support, particularly in regions of new growth. # Sclerenchyma cells have thick lignified secondary walls and often die when mature. Sclerenchyma provides the main structural support to a plant. Parenchyma Parenchyma is a versatile ground tissue that generally constitutes the "filler" tissue in soft parts of plants. It forms, among other things, the cortex (outer region) and pith (central region) of stems, the cortex of roots, the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
