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Tekel Birası Kapağı 01
Tekel A.Ş. (Turkish, literally ''single-hand'' or ''monopoly'' and generally capitalised as TEKEL) was a Turkish tobacco and alcoholic beverages company. It was nationalised in 1925 from a parastatal (government owned/controlled) company, the Régie. A joint foreign and Ottoman consortium, the Régie was short for "''La Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'Empire Ottoman''". Tekel evolved into the sole manufacturer and distributor of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey. Today, Tekel is no longer a monopoly, but it does control taxing and distribution of all alcohol and tobacco products in Turkey. In 2008, it was sold to British American Tobacco and discontinued as a trademark in cigarettes, wines, liquors or other products, although some of its brand names are still used without the word "Tekel" preceding them; like the ''Buzbağ'' wine. History Foundation and early history Turkish tobacco was an important industrial crop, where its cultivation and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center (Etimesgut, Yenimahalle, Çankaya District, Çankaya, Keçiören, Altındağ, Pursaklar, Mamak, Ankara, Mamak, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Gölbaşı, Sincan, Ankara, Sincan) and 5,864,049 in Ankara Province (total of 25 districts). Ankara is Turkey's List of cities in Turkey, second-largest city by population after Istanbul, first by urban land area, and third by metro land area after Konya and Sivas. Ankara was historically known as Ancyra and Angora. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celts, Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman Empire, Roman province with the Galatia (Roman province), same name (25 BC–7th century), Ankara has various Hattians, Hattian, Hittites, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatians (people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Public Debt Administration
The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (, or simply ''Düyun-u Umumiye'' as it was popularly known, , ), was a European-controlled organization that was established in 1881 to collect the payments which the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent, bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors: Its governing council included one representative each from British, French, German, Austrian, Italian, Dutch, and Ottoman creditors, and one representative from the Ottoman state. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. At its peak it had 9,000 employees, more than the empire's finance ministry. The OPDA played an important role in Ottoman financial affairs. Also, it was an intermediary with European companies seeking investment opportunities in the Ottoman Empire. In 1900, the OPDA was financing many railways and other indus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakı
Rakı, Türk Rakısı or Turkish Raki (, Turkish pronunciation: ) is an alcoholic beverage made of twice-distilled grape pomace and flavored with aniseed. It is a national drink of Turkey, although fewer than 17% of Turks drink alcohol. Among drinkers, it is popular in Turkic countries and Caucasian countries as an apéritif. It is often served with seafood or meze. It is comparable to several other anise-flavored liqueurs such as pastis, ouzo, sambuca and arak. The alcoholic content of rakı must be at least 40% according to Turkish standard. The largest producer of raki is Diageo; Yeni Rakı is the largest brand. In many East Mediterranean and Balkan countries, the term raki is widely used to describe similar distilled alcoholic beverages. This shared terminology dates back to the Ottoman Empire, where "raki" became a generic term for distilled spirits. During Ottoman rule, the word spread across the empire's territories. In many of these regions, the term raki or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buzbağ
Turkish wine is wine made in the transcontinental Eurasian country Turkey. The Caucasus region, where Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia are located, played a pivotal role in the early history of wine and is likely to have been one of the earliest wine-producing regions of the world.H. Johnson & J. Robinson ''The World Atlas of Wine'' pg 264–265 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 Ampelographers estimate that Turkey is home to between 600 and 1200 indigenous varieties of ''Vitis vinifera'' (the European grapevine), though less than 60 of these are grown commercially. With over planted under vine, Turkey is the world's fourth-leading producer of grapes for wine production. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey's first president, established the country's first commercial winery in 1925. According to the OIV, the total wine production in 2005 was 28,700,000 litres. Climate and wine regions The size and geography of Turkey accounts for the wide climatic variation of Turkey's wine regions. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hayati Yazıcı
Hayati Yazıcı (born 23 May 1952 in Çayeli, Rize) is a Turkish lawyer and politician. He served as Turkey's Minister of Customs and Trade. Biography Hayati Yazıcı graduated in 1975 from the School of Law at Istanbul University. Starting of 1976, he served as a judge in the Istanbul Court of justice. In 1984, he quit his post to begin a career as freelance lawyer registered with Istanbul Bar. A co-founder of the AK Party, he is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's lawyer and vice-chairman of the Party. Hayati Yazıcı entered the parliament in 2002 as deputy of Rize Province, and was later appointed Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a Minister (government), government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to th ..., responsible for the coordination between the government and the parliament. Hayati Yazıcı is married and father o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Şimşek
Mehmet Şimşek (born 1 January 1967) is a Turkish politician and economist, who has been serving as the List of Finance Ministers of Turkey, Minister of Treasury and Finance since 4 June 2023. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from 24 November 2015 until the office's abolition on 9 July 2018. He previously served as the minister of finance from 2009 to 2015, in the cabinets of Prime Ministers of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Ahmet Davutoğlu. As a member of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party, he was elected as a Member of Parliament#Turkey, Member of Parliament for Gaziantep (electoral district), Gaziantep in the 2007 Turkish general election, 2007 general election and for Batman (electoral district), Batman in the 2011 Turkish general election, 2011 general election. In Prime Minister Erdoğan's Cabinet Erdoğan II, second cabinet (2007-2011), Şimşek became a minister of state responsible for the Economy of Turkey, economy upon his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an Islamist background and promoting socially conservative policies, Turkey has experienced increasing authoritarianism, democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under Erdoğan's rule. Erdoğan was born in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, and studied at the Marmara University, Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected Welfare Party's Beyoğlu district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the 1994 Istanbul mayoral election, 1994 lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice And Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party ( , AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey self-describing as Conservative democracy, conservative-democratic. It has been the ruling party of Turkey since 2002. Third-party sources often refer to the party as National conservatism, national conservative, Social conservatism, social conservative, Right-wing populism, right-wing populist and as espousing neo-Ottomanism. The party is generally regarded as being right-wing politics, right-wing on the political spectrum, although some sources have described it as Far-right politics, far-right since 2011. It is currently the largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 273 MPs, ahead of the main opposition Social democracy, social democratic Republican People's Party (CHP). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has been chairman of the AK Party since the 3rd Justice and Development Party Extraor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation Of Turkish Trade Unions
The Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (), known as TÜRK-İŞ, is one of the four major national trade union centers in Turkey. It was created in 1952 and is the oldest of the four centers, having been the only trade union organization to survive the 1980 military coup. Today, TÜRK-İŞ is mainly known for their research and analyses of the Turkish economy. January 2020 research about cost of living for families in Turkey conducted by TÜRK-İŞ shows that monthly food expenditure (hunger limit) of a family of four required to afford a healthy, balanced and adequate diet is 2,219.45 TL. In addition to food expenditure, the total amount of other monthly expenditures required for clothing, housing (rent, electricity, water, fuel), transportation, education, health and similar needs (poverty line) for the same date would be 7,229.49 TL. TÜRK-İŞ claims a membership of 1.75 million, and is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation, and the European Trade Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Morris USA
Philip Morris USA is an American tobacco company. They are a division of the American tobacco corporation Altria Group. It has been the leading cigarette manufacturer in the U.S. since the late 20th century. Its major brands include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Merit (cigarette), Merit, and Parliament (cigarette), Parliament. The company was incorporated in New York City in 1902 as Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. In 1919 George J. Whelan, along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. McKitterick, acquired the American division of the company and created Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., Inc. In the 1950s it introduced innovations such as the flip-top box and filters for cigarettes. In 1972, it became the leading cigarette manufacturer in the United States in terms of sales, a position it continued to hold. In March 2008, Philip Morris International was split from Philip Morris USA. History Creation The company's namesake Philip Morris (tobacconist), Philip M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Tobacco
The (JT) is a Japanese diversified tobacco company and parent company to Japan Tobacco International, one of the three largest international Big Tobacco product manufacturers in the world. It was established in 1985 as a that inherited the right to monopolize and manufacture cigarettes from the Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation and required the government to hold at least 50% of its shares. In addition to tobacco, JT diversified its businesses, establishing the pharmaceutical research institute in 1993 and making a full-scale entry into the food and beverage industry in 1998. In 2008, it acquired the food manufacturer Katokichi, now TableMark, as a wholly-owned subsidiary, integrating its food business. It is part of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Large70 indices. In 2009 the company was listed at number 312 on the Fortune 500 list. The company is headquartered in Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
