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Tear Dress
A tear dress is a long dress made of calico worn by Oklahoma Cherokee women. The tear dress is the official dress of the Cherokee Nation. Based on a historical dress carried to Indian Territory over the Trail of Tears, the tear dress was first designed in 1969 by Wendell Cochran (Cherokee Nation) and sewn by Elizabeth Higgins (Cherokee Nation) for Virginia Stroud (Keetoowah Cherokee/Muscogee) when she successfully ran for Miss Indian America. References

{{reflist Cherokee culture Dresses Native American clothing ...
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Elsa Schiaparelli
Elsa Schiaparelli ( , , ; 10 September 1890 – 13 November 1973) was an Italian fashion designer from an Italian nobility, aristocratic background. She created the Schiaparelli (fashion house), house of Schiaparelli in Paris in 1927, which she managed from the 1930s to the 1950s. Starting with knitwear, Schiaparelli's designs celebrated Surrealism and eccentric fashions. Her collections were famous for unconventional and artistic themes like the human body, insects, or trompe-l'œil, and for the use of bright colors like her "shocking pink". Schiaparelli famously collaborated with Salvador Dalí and Jean Cocteau. Along with Coco Chanel, her greatest rival, she is regarded as one of the most prominent European figures in fashion between the two World Wars. Her clients included the heiress Daisy Fellowes and actress Mae West. Early life Elsa Luisa Maria Schiaparelli was born at the Palazzo Corsini, Rome. Her mother, Giuseppa Maria de Dominicis, was a Neapolitan aristocrat. Her f ...
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Calico
Calico (; in British usage since 1505) is a heavy plain-woven textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. It may also contain unseparated husk parts. The fabric is far coarser than muslin, but less coarse and thick than canvas or denim. However, it is still very cheap owing to its unfinished and undyed appearance. The fabric was originally from the city of Calicut in southwestern India. It was made by the traditional weavers called cāliyans. The raw fabric was dyed and printed in bright hues, and calico prints became popular in Europe. History Origins Calico originated in Calicut, from which the name of the textile came, in South India, now Kerala, during the 11th century, where the cloth was known as "chaliyan". It was mentioned in Indian literature by the 12th century when the polymath and writer Hemachandra described calico fabric prints with a lotus design.''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2008)"calico" Calico was woven using Gujarati cotton from Su ...
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Cherokee
The Cherokee (; , or ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, they were concentrated in their homelands, in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, edges of western South Carolina, northern Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and northeastern Alabama with hunting grounds in Kentucky, together consisting of around 40,000 square miles. The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian language group. In the 19th century, James Mooney, an early American Ethnography, ethnographer, recorded one oral tradition that told of the Tribe (Native American), tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian Peoples, Iroquoian peoples have been based. However, anthropologist Thomas R. Whyte, writing in 2007, dated the split among the peoples as occurring earlier. He believes that ...
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Arcadia Publishing
Arcadia Publishing is an American Publishing, publisher of neighborhood, local history, local, and regional history of the United States in pictorial form.(analysis of the successful ''Images of America'' series). Arcadia Publishing also runs the History Press, which publishes text-driven books on American history and folklore. History Arcadia Publishing was founded in Dover, New Hampshire, in 1993 by United Kingdom-based Tempus Publishing, but became independent after being acquired by its CEO in 2004. The corporate office is in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. It has a catalog of more than 12,000 titles, and italong with its subsidiary, The History Presspublishes 900 new titles every year. Its formula for regional publishing is to use local writers or historians to write about their community using 180 to 240 black-and-white photographs with captions and introductory paragraphs in a 128-page book. The ''Images of America'' series is the company's largest product line. Oth ...
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Muskogee Phoenix
The ''Muskogee Phoenix'' is a daily newspaper published in Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States, covering several counties of northeastern Oklahoma. It is owned by CNHI. The paper is printed five days a week (Tuesday-Saturday), while digital access is available 7 days a week. The Phoenix was founded in February 1888, when Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ... was still a territory.Muskogee Phoenix: About Us
accessed February 18, 2007. From 1980 through 1986, M ...
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Cherokee Nation
The Cherokee Nation ( or ) is the largest of three list of federally recognized tribes, federally recognized tribes of Cherokees in the United States. It includes people descended from members of the Cherokee Nation (1794–1907), Old Cherokee Nation who relocated, due to increasing pressure, from the Southeast to Indian Territory and Cherokees who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen and Natchez Nation. As of 2024, over 466,000 people were enrolled in the Cherokee Nation. Headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the Cherokee Nation has a Indian reservation, reservation spanning 14 counties in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma. These are Adair County, Oklahoma, Adair, Cherokee County, Oklahoma, Cherokee, Craig County, Oklahoma, Craig, Delaware County, Oklahoma, Delaware, Mayes County, Oklahoma, Mayes, McIntosh County, Oklahoma, McIntosh, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, Muskogee, Nowata County, Oklahoma, Nowata, Ottaw ...
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Indian Territory
Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the Federal government of the United States, United States government for the relocation of Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans who held aboriginal title, original Indian title to their land as an independent nation. The concept of an Indian territory was an outcome of the U.S. federal government's 18th- and 19th-century policy of Indian removal. After the Indian Territory in the American Civil War, American Civil War (1861–1865), the policy of the U.S. government was one of Cultural assimilation of Native Americans#Americanization and assimilation (1857–1920), assimilation. Indian Territory later came to refer to an Territories of the United States#Formerly unorganized territories, unorganized territory whose general borders were initially set by the Nonintercourse Act of 1834, and was the successor to the remainder of the Missouri Territory a ...
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Trail Of Tears
The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of about 60,000 people of the " Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans and their black slaves within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government. As part of Indian removal, members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to newly designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River after the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 was the last forced removal east of the Mississippi and was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia, in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush. The relocated peoples suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route to their newly designated Indian reserve. Thousands died from disease before reaching their destinations or shortly after. A variet ...
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Virginia Stroud
Virginia Alice Stroud (March 13, 1951 – November 8, 2024) Native American painter from Oklahoma.Lester, 533 She was an enrolled citizen of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians and a Muscogee descendant. Early life Virginia Stroud was born in Madera, California, on March 13, 1951."Virginia Alice Stroud (1951-)."
''AskArt.'' (retrieved 1 June 2010)
Her mother died when she was eleven, so Stroud moved to , to live with her sister. She sold her first painting at the age of 13. Stroud graduated from

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Keetoowah Cherokee
The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma ( or , abbreviated United Keetoowah Band or UKB) is a Federally recognized tribes, federally recognized tribe of Cherokee Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. According to the UKB website, its members are mostly descendants of "Old Settlers" or "Western Cherokees," those Cherokees who migrated from the Southeast to present-day Arkansas and Oklahoma around 1817. Some reports estimate that Old Settlers began migrating west by 1800, before the Cherokee removal, forced relocation of Cherokees by the United States in the late 1830s under the Indian Removal Act. Although politically the UKB is not associated with the Trail of Tears, many of the members have direct ancestors who completed the journey in 1838-39. Government Today the UKB has over 14,300 members, with 13,300 living within the state of Oklahoma. Joe Bunch is the current Chief. Assistant Chief is Jeff Wacoche ...
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