Tautology (other)

	Tautology (other) Tautology may refer to: Tautology (language), a redundant statement in literature and rhetoric Tautology (logic), in formal logic, a statement that is true in every possible interpretation Tautology (rule of inference), a rule of replacement for logical expressions See also Pleonasm Redundancy (other) Tautological (other) Tautonym A tautonym is a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, such as '' Rattus rattus''. The first part of the name is the name of the genus and the second part is referred to as the ''specific epithet'' i ..., a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling {{Disambiguation hu:Tautológia#Nyelvtudományi és irodalmi tautológia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tautology (language) In literary criticism and rhetoric, a tautology is a statement that repeats an idea using near-synonymous morphemes, words or phrases, effectively "saying the same thing twice". Tautology and pleonasm are not consistently differentiated in literature. Like pleonasm, tautology is often considered a fault of style when unintentional. Intentional repetition may emphasize a thought or help the listener or reader understand a point. Sometimes logical tautologies like "Boys will be boys" are conflated with language tautologies, but a language tautology is not inherently true, while a logical tautology always is. Etymology The word was coined in Koine Greek from ('the same') plus ('word' or 'idea'), and transmitted through 3rd-century Latin and French . It first appeared in English in the 16th century. The use of the term logical tautology was introduced in English by Wittgenstein in 1919, perhaps following Auguste Comte's usage in 1835. Examples * "Convicted felon", a common E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tautology (logic) In mathematical logic, a tautology (from ) is a formula that is true regardless of the interpretation of its component terms, with only the logical constants having a fixed meaning. For example, a formula that states, "the ball is green or the ball is not green," is always true, regardless of what a ball is and regardless of its colour. Tautology is usually, though not always, used to refer to valid formulas of propositional logic. The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein first applied the term to redundancies of propositional logic in 1921, borrowing from rhetoric, where a tautology is a repetitive statement. In logic, a formula is satisfiable if it is true under at least one interpretation, and thus a tautology is a formula whose negation is unsatisfiable. In other words, it cannot be false. Unsatisfiable statements, both through negation and affirmation, are known formally as contradictions. A formula that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is said to be logically c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tautology (rule Of Inference) In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs. They are: The principle of idempotency of disjunction: : P \lor P \Leftrightarrow P and the principle of idempotency of conjunction: : P \land P \Leftrightarrow P Where "\Leftrightarrow" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a logical proof with". Formal notation Theorems are those logical formulas \phi where \vdash \phi is the conclusion of a valid proof,Logic in Computer Science, ''p. 13'' while the equivalent semantic consequence \models \phi indicates a tautology. The ''tautology'' rule may be expressed as a sequent: : P \lor P \vdash P and : P \land P \vdash P where \vdash is a metalogical symbol meaning that P is a syntactic consequence of P \lor P, in the one case, P \land P in the other, in some logical system; or as a rule of inference: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pleonasm Pleonasm (; , ) is redundancy in linguistic expression, such as "black darkness", "burning fire", "the man he said", or "vibrating with motion". It is a manifestation of tautology by traditional rhetorical criteria. Pleonasm may also be used for emphasis, or because the phrase has become established in a certain form. Tautology and pleonasm are not consistently differentiated in literature. Usage Most often, ''pleonasm'' is understood to mean a word or phrase which is useless, clichéd, or repetitive, but a pleonasm can also be simply an unremarkable use of idiom. It can aid in achieving a specific linguistic effect, be it social, poetic or literary. Pleonasm sometimes serves the same function as rhetorical repetition—it can be used to reinforce an idea, contention or question, rendering writing clearer and easier to understand. Pleonasm can serve as a redundancy check; if a word is unknown, misunderstood, misheard, or if the medium of communication is poor—a static-fille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Redundancy (other) Redundancy or redundant may refer to: Language * Redundancy (linguistics), information that is expressed more than once Engineering and computer science * Data redundancy, database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables * Logic redundancy, a digital gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function * Redundancy (engineering), the duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the intention of increasing reliability * Redundancy (information theory), the number of bits used to transmit a message minus the number of bits of actual information in the message * Redundancy in total quality management, quality which exceeds the required quality level, creating unnecessarily high costs * The same task executed by several different methods in a user interface Biology * Codon redundancy, the redundancy of the genetic code exhibited as the multiplicity of three-codon combinations * Cytokine redundancy, a term in im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tautological (other) In mathematics, tautological may refer to: Logic: * Tautological consequence Geometry, where it is used as an alternative to canonical: Tautological bundle Tautological one-form * Tautology (grammar), unnecessary repetition, or more words than necessary, to say the same thing. See also * Tautology (other) * List of tautological place names A toponymy, place name is tautology (grammar), tautological if two differently sounding parts of it are synonymous. This often occurs when a name from one language is imported into another and a standard descriptor is added on from the second lan ... {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tautonym A tautonym is a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, such as '' Rattus rattus''. The first part of the name is the name of the genus and the second part is referred to as the ''specific epithet'' in the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' and the ''specific name'' in the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature''. Tautonymy (i.e., the usage of tautonymous names) is permissible in zoological nomenclature (see List of tautonyms for examples). In past editions of the zoological code, the term tautonym was used, but it has now been replaced by the more inclusive "tautonymous names"; these include trinomial names for subspecies such as '' Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' and '' Bison bison bison''. Tautonyms can be formed when animals are given scientific names for the first time, or when they are reclassified and given new scientific names. An example of the former is the hidden mirror skipper of Braz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]