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Taraaj-e Shia
History of Shia Islam in India, Shi'ism in Kashmir is marked with conflict and strife, spanning over half a millennium. Incidents of Sectarianism, sectarian violence occurred in Kashmir under the rule of Mirza Haider Dughlat, followed by the Mughal Empire, Mughals (1586–1752), the Durrani Empire, Afghans (1752–1819), the Sikh Empire, Sikhs (1819–1845) and the Dogra dynasty, Dogras (1846–1947). A small Shia community has managed to survive in Kashmir till today. Background In 1381 CE, after Timur invaded Iran, Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, Mir Syed Ali Hamdani, an Iranian Sufi arrived in Kashmir with a large number of disciples and preached Islam. According to the 1873 British gazetteer of Kashmir: The Incidents The first cycle In 1532 CE, Sultan Said Khan dispatched an army under the command of Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, Mirza Haider Dughlat that attacked Baltistan and Ladakh from Kashgar. He suffered a military defeat and after death of Said Khan, joined the Mug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia Islam In India
Shia Islam was brought to the Indian subcontinent during the final years of the Rashidun Caliphate. The Indian subcontinent also served as a refuge for some Shias escaping persecution from Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyads, Abbasids, Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubids, and Ottoman Empire, Ottomans. The immigration continued throughout the second millennium until the formation of modern nation-states. Shi'ism also won converts among the local population. Shia Islam has a long history and deep roots in the subcontinent. However, the earliest major political influence was that of the Shia dynasties in Deccan. It was here that the indigenous and distinct Shia culture took shape. After the conquest of Golconda Fort, Golconda by Mughal Empire, Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in the 17th century and subsequent establishment of hereditary governorship in Nawab of Awadh, Awadh after his death, Lucknow became the nerve center of Indian Shi'ism. In the 18th century, intellectual movements of Islamic puritanism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raja Bhagwan Das
Raja (; from , IAST ') is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested from the ''Rigveda'', where a ' is a ruler, see for example the ', the "Battle of Ten Kings". The title has equivalent cognates in other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin Rex and the Celtic Rix. Raja-ruled Indian states While most of the Indian salute states (those granted a gun salute by the British Crown) were ruled by a Maharaja (or variation; some promoted from an earlier Raja- or equivalent style), even exclusively from 13 guns up, a number had Rajas: ; Hereditary salutes of 11-guns : * the Raja of Ali Rajpur * the Raja of Bilaspur * the Raja of Chamba * the Raja of Faridkot * the Raja of Jhabua * the Raja of Mandi * the Raja of Manipur * the Raja of Nars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamia Masjid, Srinagar
The Jamia Masjid () is a Friday mosque located at Nowhatta in the Old City of Srinagar, in the Indian administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Sikandar in 1394 CE and completed in 1402 CE, at the behest of Mir Mohammad Hamadani, son of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and is regarded as one of the most important mosques in Kashmir. The mosque is located in a central zone in the religio-political life in Srinagar. Thronged by Muslims every Friday, it is a prime tourist attraction of the city. The mosque has been the site of anti-India protests over generations, and has become a platform for people to debate and discuss the politics of the Kashmir conflict. History Sikh Era (1819–1846 CE) For 21 years, the mosque faced closure under the Sikh empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh beginning in 1819 CE, when the-then Governor of Srinagar, Moti Ram, put curbs on offering prayers in Jamia Masjid. No prayers were offered and no call for prayers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurangzeb
Alamgir I (Muhi al-Din Muhammad; 3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, also called Aurangzeb the Conqueror, was the sixth Mughal emperors, Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707, becoming the second longest-ruling emperor of Hindustan (48 years and 7 months). Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. Aurangzeb and the Mughals belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty. He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan () and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Viceroy of the Deccan, Deccan in 1636–1637 and the governor of Gujarat under Mughal Empire, Gujarat in 1645–1647. He jointly administered the provinces of Subah of Multan, Multan and Sind State, Sindh in 1648–1652 and continued expeditions into the neighboring Safavid Iran, Safavid ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ta'zieh
Ta'zieh (; ; ) means comfort, condolence, or expression of grief. It comes from the roots ''aza'' (عزو and عزى) which mean mourning. It commonly refers to passion plays about the Battle of Karbala and its prior and subsequent events. Sir Lewis Pelly began the preface of his book about Ta'ziyeh maintaining that "If the success of a drama is to be measured by the effects which it produces upon the people for whom it is composed, or upon the audiences before whom it is represented, no play has ever surpassed the tragedy known in the Mussulman world as that of Hasan and Husain." Years later Peter Chelkowski, professor of Iranian and Islamic studies at New York University, chose the same words for the beginning of his book Ta`ziyeh, Ritual and Drama in Iran. Depending on the region, time, occasion, religion, etc. the word can signify different cultural meanings and practices: *In Iranian cultural reference it is categorized as Condolence Theater or Passion Play inspired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syed Ahmad Barelvi
Syed Ahmad Barelvi, also known as Sayyid Ahmad Shahid, (1786–1831) was an Indian mujaddid, Islamic revivalist, Islamic scholar, scholar, and commander, military commander from Raebareli, a part of the historical United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (now called Uttar Pradesh). He launched the Ahl-i Hadith#Indian Jihad Movement, Indian jihad movement that waged a decades-long Islamic revolt against colonial rule across various provinces of British India. Sayyid Ahmad is revered as a major scholarly authority in the Ahl-i Hadith and Deobandi movements. The epithet 'Barelvi' is derived from Raebareli, his place of origin. Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi wrote ''Seerat-i-Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed'', the first historical biography of Syed Ahmad Barelvi. Early life and education Syed Ahmad Barelvi was born on 29 November 1786 in Raebareli, into a Syed family. His primary education was initiated in 1791, when he was aged four. As he turned 10, his father died and the familial responsibilities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri
Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri () was a Kashmiri Sufi poet. He is known by his pen name ''"Hubbi".'' Early life Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri was born in the Locality of Nowshera, Srinagar, in 963 Hijri year ''(corresponding to c.1555 CE)'' to his father Shamsuddin Ginai, who was a wealthy shopkeeper in the locality. Hence, Hubbi also used to work in the shop, selling goods. At a young age, Hubbi became a hafiz after he memorized the Quran and then studied Fiqh, Hadith, Persian language and Persian literature. Later he remained at the service of Mullah Husain Afaqi. His Framing of Verses and poetry was matured under Shaykh Yaqub Sarfi. Death Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri Died on ''19th Dhu al-Hijjah 1027 AH''. and was laid to rest in Nowshera, Srinagar. Urs Every year on 19th of Dhu al-Hijjah his urs is celebrated in the Aastan Khawaja Habibullah nowshehri. Shrine and Mosque The resting place of Hubbi as a shrine, is located in the locality of Nowshera, Srinagar. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zadibal
Zadibal ( ; ) is a notified area in the municipality of Srinagar, in the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir, India. Zadibal Assembly constituency is one of the 87 constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. It is located about 6 km towards the north of the Financial capital, commercial centre of Kashmir, Lal Chowk. Zadibal is mostly inhabited by Shia Islam, Shia Muslims. It is famous for the oldest Hussainiya, Imambara of Kashmir (Imambara Zadibal), located in the center of Zadibal. Notable places *Imambara Zadibal *Astaan Mir Shams-ud-Din Araqi Geography Zadibal is located towards North from district headquarters in Srinagar. The area is bounded by Nowshera, Srinagar, Nowshera towards North, Hawal and Nowhatta towards South, Lal Bazar and Badamwari Park, Badamwari towards East and Khushal Sar, Khushal Sar Lake towards West. See also *Nowshera, Srinagar *Soura, Srinagar, Soura *Lal Bazar References Cities and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination
Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important. It may be prompted by political, ideological, religious, financial, or military motives. Assassinations are ordered by both individuals and organizations, and are carried out by their accomplices. Acts of assassination have been performed since ancient times. A person who carries out an assassination is called an assassin. Etymology ''Assassin'' comes from the Italian and French Assissini, believed to derive from the word '' hashshashin'' (), and shares its etymological roots with '' hashish'' ( or ; from ').''The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam'' – Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12 It referred to a group of Nizari Ismailis known as the Order of Assassins who worked against various political targets. Founded by Hassan-i Sabbah, the Assassins were active in the Near East from the 11th to the 13th centuries. The group killed members of the Ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashtuns
Pashtuns (, , ; ;), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. They were historically also referred to as Afghan (ethnonym), Afghans until 1964 after the term's meaning had become a demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan regardless of their ethnic groups in Afghanistan, ethnic group. The Pashtuns speak the Pashto, Pashto language, which belongs to the Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian branch of the Iranian languages, Iranian language family. Additionally, Dari serves as the second language of Pashtuns in Afghanistan, while those in Pakistan speak Urdu and English. In India, the majority of those of Pashtun descent have lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead speak Hindi and other regional languages. There are an estimated 350–400 Pashtun tribes, Pashtun tribes and clans with a Theories of Pashtun origin, variety of origin theories. In 2021 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Punishment
Collective punishment is a punishment or sanction imposed on a group or whole community for acts allegedly perpetrated by a member or some members of that group or area, which could be an ethnic or political group, or just the family, friends and neighbors of the perpetrator, as well as entire cities and communities where the perpetrator(s) allegedly committed the crime. Because individuals who are not responsible for the acts are targeted, collective punishment is not compatible with the basic principle of individual responsibility. The punished group may often have no direct association with the perpetrator other than living in the same area and can not be assumed to exercise control over the perpetrator's actions. Collective punishment is prohibited by treaty in both international and non-international armed conflicts, more specifically Common Article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and Article 4 of the Additional Protocol II. Sources of law Hague Conventions The Hague C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imambara Zadibal
Imambara Zadibal was the first Imambara''( Husayniyya) or Marak'' constructed in Kashmir Valley by Kaji Chak, minister in the regime of Sultan Mohammad in the year 1518. It is situated in the Zadibal area of Srinagar to the west side of Hari Parbat fort. This Imambara was burned down and destroyed number of times. Architecture This Imambara is a two-storey building. The building follows Persian architecture and has a symmetrical structure. The building has a central hall with high ceiling supported by pillars, walls decorated with calligraphic inscriptions and floral motifs. The hall is surrounded by rooms on all the sides. A large gate adorned with carvings and designs act as the entrance to the hall. On the side of the hall, staircase leads to second floor of the building. The second floor has several rooms, a balcony that overlooks the hall. the Building can accommodate more than 32,000 visitors at a time. Observances Shia Muslims are a minority in Kashmir. During t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
