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Tantulocarida
Tantulocarida is a highly specialised group of parasitic crustaceans that consists of about 33 species, treated as a class in superclass Multicrustacea. They are typically ectoparasites that infest copepods, isopods, tanaids, amphipods and ostracods. Description In the Tantulocarida, animals do not ever present eyes. The tantulus larvae has a head with a ventral oral disc but no appendages, a six-segmented thorax with six pairs of legs, and a limbless abdomen consisting of one to six segments in addition to a telson. The larvae also possesses a cuticular stylet on the cephalon through which they can push a rootlet system for extraction of nutrients from a host. The rootlet system itself is a direct extension of the gut. Body length Members of this subclass are minute – less than in length and have a dramatic reduction in body form compared to other crustaceans, with an unsegmented, sac-like thorax and a much reduced abdomen. One tantulocarid species, ''Tantulacus diet ...
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Crustacean
Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group can be treated as a subphylum under the clade Mandibulata. It is now well accepted that the hexapods (insects and entognathans) emerged deep in the Crustacean group, with the completed pan-group referred to as Pancrustacea. The three classes Cephalocarida, Branchiopoda and Remipedia are more closely related to the hexapods than they are to any of the other crustaceans ( oligostracans and multicrustaceans). The 67,000 described species range in size from '' Stygotantulus stocki'' at , to the Japanese ...
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Smallest Organisms
The smallest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of organism size, including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size. Given the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge, it is possible that the smallest organism is undiscovered. Furthermore, there is some debate over the definition of life, and what entities qualify as organisms; consequently the smallest known organisms (microrganisms) may be nanobes that can be 20 nanometers long. Microorganisms Obligate endosymbiotic bacteria The genome of '' Nasuia deltocephalinicola'', a symbiont of the European pest leafhopper, '' Macrosteles quadripunctulatus'', consists of a circular chromosome of 112,031 base pairs. The genome of '' Nanoarchaeum equitans'' is 491 Kbp nucleotides long. ''Pelagibacter ubique'' '' Pelagibacter ubique'' is one of the smallest known free-living bacteria, with a length of and an average cell diameter of . They also have the smallest free-living bacterium gen ...
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Multicrustacea
The clade Multicrustacea constitutes the largest Superclass (biology), superclass of crustaceans, containing approximately four-fifths of all described non-hexapod crustacean species, including crabs, lobsters, crayfish, Caridea, shrimp, krill, Dendrobranchiata, prawns, woodlice, barnacles, copepods, amphipoda, amphipods, mantis shrimp and others. The largest branch of multicrustacea is the class (biology), class Malacostraca (see below). Classification Superclass Multicrustacea Regier, Shultz, Zwick, Hussey, Ball, Wetzer, Martin & Cunningham, 2010 * Family Priscansermarinidae Newman, 2004 * Class Copepoda Milne-Edwards, 1840 – Copepods ** Infra-class Neocopepoda Huys & Boxshall, 1991 *** Super-order Gymnoplea Giesbrecht, 1882 **** Order Calanoida Sars GO, 1903 *** Super-order Podoplea Giesbrecht, 1882 **** Order Cyclopoida Burmeister, 1834 **** Order Gelyelloida Huys, 1988 **** Order Harpacticoida G. O. Sars, 1903 **** Order Misophrioida Gurney, 1933 **** Order Monstrillo ...
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Cumoniscidae
Cumoniscidae is a family of crustaceans in the class Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used d ... Tantulocarida, classified under the superclass Multicrustacea. The family was previously known as Deoterthridae, but Cumoniscidae was determined to be senior subjective synonym. The family contains the following genera: *'' Amphitantulus'' Boxshall & Vader, 1993 *'' Aphotocentor'' Huys, 1991 *'' Arcticotantulus'' Kornev, Tchesunov & Rybnikov, 2004 *'' Boreotantulus'' Huys & Boxshall, 1988 *'' Campyloxiphos'' Huys, 1991 *'' Coralliotantulus'' Huys, 1991 *'' Cumoniscus'' Bonnier, 1903 *'' Deoterthron'' Bradford & Hewitt, 1980 *'' Dicrotrichura'' Huys, 1989 *'' Itoitantulus'' Huys, Ohtsuka Boxshall & Itô, 1992 *'' Tantulacus'' Huys, Andersen & Kristensen, 1992 The genus '' O ...
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Doryphallophoridae
Doryphallophoridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the class Tantulocarida. The family was previously placed in class Hexanauplia. Genera: * '' Doryphallophora'' Huys, 1990 * '' Paradoryphallophora'' Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 1998 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6550604 Crustaceans Crustacean families ...
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Microdajidae
Microdajidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the class Tantulocarida Tantulocarida is a highly specialised group of parasitic crustaceans that consists of about 33 species, treated as a class in superclass Multicrustacea. They are typically ectoparasites that infest copepods, isopods, tanaids, amphipods and ost .... The family was previously place in class Hexanauplia. Genera: * '' Microdajus'' Greve, 1965 * '' Xenalytus'' Huys, 1991 A third genus, '' Xenodactylus'', is sometimes placed in the family, but its status is doubtful. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10584277 Crustaceans Crustacean families ...
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Basipodellidae
Basipodellidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the class Tantulocarida Tantulocarida is a highly specialised group of parasitic crustaceans that consists of about 33 species, treated as a class in superclass Multicrustacea. They are typically ectoparasites that infest copepods, isopods, tanaids, amphipods and ost .... Genera: * '' Basipodella'' Becker, 1975 * '' Hypertantulus'' Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 1998 * '' Nipponotantulus'' Huys, Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 1994 * '' Polynyapodella'' Huys, Møbjerg & Kristensen, 1997 * '' Rimitantulus'' Huys & Conroy-Dalton, 1997 * '' Serratotantulus'' Savchenko & Kolbasov, 2009 * '' Stygotantulus'' Boxshall & Huys, 1989 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6550062 Crustaceans Crustacean families ...
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Thorax
The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments. The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain. Etymology The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ ''thṓrax'' " breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via . Humans Structure In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the rib cage, spine, and shoulder girdle. Contents The ...
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Abdomen
The abdomen (colloquially called the gut, belly, tummy, midriff, tucky, or stomach) is the front part of the torso between the thorax (chest) and pelvis in humans and in other vertebrates. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the abdominal cavity. In arthropods, it is the posterior (anatomy), posterior tagma (biology), tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. In humans, the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between Lumbar vertebrae, L5 and Vertebra#Sacrum, S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear. In vertebrates, the abdomen is a large body cavity enclosed by the abdominal muscles, at the front an ...
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McGraw-Hill
McGraw Hill is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. History McGraw Hill was founded in 1888, when James H. McGraw, co-founder of McGraw Hill, purchased the ''American Journal of Railway ...
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Systematic Parasitology
''Systematic Parasitology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of the taxonomy and systematics of parasites. It was established in 1979 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Aneta Kostadinova (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2013 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 1.035. References External links * {{zoology-journal-stub Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Academic journals established in 1979 Parasitology journals Monthly journals English-language journals ...
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