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Tadeusz Manteuffel
Tadeusz Manteuffel or Tadeusz Manteuffel-Szoege (1902–1970) was a Polish historian, specializing in the medieval history of Europe. Manteuffel was born in Rēzekne, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire (now Latvia). His brothers were Leon Manteuffel-Szoege and Edward Manteuffel-Szoege. He lost his right hand in the Polish-Soviet War in 1920 when he took part in the defence of Warsaw. Manteuffel studied medieval history in Poland, France, and Italy and later taught at Warsaw University, becoming a known medievalist before 1939. During the Second World War, Manteuffel was an activist in the education and information section (''Biuro Informacji i Propagandy Armii Krajowej'') of the Polish Secret State in German-occupied Poland, where he contributed to and edited underground newspapers and leaflets ('' Wiadomości Polskie'') and from 1940 to 1944 he organized underground history seminars in the then-outlawed Warsaw University. After the war, Manteuffel was active in rebuil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rēzekne
Rēzekne (, ; German: ''Rositten'') is a state city in the Rēzekne River valley in Latgale region of eastern Latvia. It is called ''The Heart of Latgale'' (Latvian ''Latgales sirds'', Latgalian ''Latgolys sirds''). Built on seven hills, Rēzekne is situated east of Riga, and west of the Latvian-Russian border, at the intersection of the Moscow – Ventspils railway and Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railways. It has a population of 31,216 (2016)«Latvijas iedzīvotāju skaits pašvaldībās pagastu dalījumā» Data according to the Population Register of Republic of Latvia on 01/01/2016, PDF version available at: https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%93zekne making it the 7th largest city in Latvia. Other names The Latgalian name of the city is ''Rēzne'' ( ). Historically in German sources the location has been known as ''Rositten''. Under the Russian Empire the city was named ''Rezhitsa'' (russian: Рѣжица, pl, Rzeżyca, yi, רעזשיצע). History A Latgalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German-occupied Poland
German-occupied Poland during World War II consisted of two major parts with different types of administration. The Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany following the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II—nearly a quarter of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic—were placed directly under the German civil administration. The official term used by the Nazi authorities for these areas was the "incorporated Eastern territories" (german: Eingegliederte Ostgebiete). They planned for a complete Germanization of the annexed territories, considering them part of ''lebensraum''. The rest of Nazi-occupied Poland was renamed as the General Government district ().Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "German Occupation of Poland" (Washington, D.C.: Dale Street Books, 2014), pp. 12-16. See also *Occupation of Poland (1939–1945) The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the German-Soviet in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Kolendo
Jerzy Władysław Kolendo (9 June 1933, Brześć, Poland – 28 February 2014, Warsaw) was an acknowledged Polish authority on the history and archaeology of Ancient Rome. He was an exponent of the French Annales school, an epigraphist and specialist in the relations between the Barbaricum and the early Roman Empire. Life He was the son of parents involved in education. His father died when he was young and the family moved from Brześć to Białystok where he spent his schooldays. While his desire was to become an archaeologist, he feared his lack of drawing ability would discount his chances of gaining a university place, so he opted to study ancient history. Kolendo graduated from the University of Warsaw in 1955, going on to a masters and a doctoral degree at Warsaw in 1960. He completed his habilitation in history in 1968. He gained a professorship in 1979. The burden of his archaeological research was into the Ancient Mediterranean Basin and into questions of epigraph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwartalnik Historyczny
''Kwartalnik Historyczny'' is a Polish history journal. It was established in 1887 in Lwów and is the oldest extant national journal for history. The founder of ''Kwartalnik Historyczny'' was Ksawery Liske.''Encyklopedia Krakowa'', Warszawa-Kraków: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, 2000 Editors *Ksawery Liske (1887-1891) *Oswald Balzer (1891-1894) * Aleksander Semkowicz (1895-1898, 1899-1904, 1906–1914, 1920-1922) *Józef Korzeniowski (1898-1899) * Ludwik Finkel (1918-1919) * Franciszek Bujak (1930-1931) * Kazimierz Tyszkowski (1937-1940) * Roman Grodecki (1945-1947) *Kazimierz Lepszy (1945-1946) * Jan Konstanty Dąbrowski *Stanisław Arnold Stanisław Arnold (20 December 1895 in Dąbrowa Górnicza – 3 November 1973 in Warszawa) was a Polish historian, professor of the University of Warsaw, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, chief of Marksistowskie Zrzeszenie Historyków (Marx ... (1950-1952) * Bogusław Leśnodorski (1953-1974) *Tadeusz Jędruszczak (from 1975) *Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Potkowski
Edward Potkowski (10 May 1934 in Rybnik - 31 July 2017) was a Polish historian. His specialization includes history of the medieval period and paleography. Edward Potkowski was born on 10 May 1934 in Rybnik.Jan TyszkiewiczEdward Potkowski (10 V 1934 - 31 VII 2017) "Kwartalnik Historyczny" 2018, 3, p. 803. In 1954 he enrolled at the Uniwersytet Wrocławski, but since 1955 he had been studied on the Warsaw University. He graduated in 1960. Potkowski gained PhD in 1967. His supervisor was Tadeusz Manteuffel. In 1979 he passed his habilitation.Jan TyszkiewiczEdward Potkowski (10 V 1934 - 31 VII 2017) "Kwartalnik Historyczny ''Kwartalnik Historyczny'' is a Polish history journal. It was established in 1887 in Lwów and is the oldest extant national journal for history. The founder of ''Kwartalnik Historyczny'' was Ksawery Liske.''Encyklopedia Krakowa'', Warszawa-Krak� ..." 2018, 3, p. 804. From 1981 to 1986 he was a director of Central Archives of Historical Records. In 1989 he ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Structures
Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor, Edward. (1871). Primitive Culture. Vol 1. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Movements
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studi ... one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of group action and may involve individuals, organizations, or both. Social movements have been described as "organizational structures and strategies that may empower oppressed populations to mount effective challenges and resist the more powerful and advantaged elites". They represent a method of social change from the bottom within nations. Political science and sociology have developed a variety of theories and empirical research on social movements. For example, some research in political science highl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political History
Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, social history, people's history, and public history. Political history studies the organization and operation of power in large societies. From approximately the 1960s onwards, the rise of competing subdisciplines, particularly social history and cultural history, led to a decline in the prominence of "traditional" political history, which tended to focus on the activities of political elites. In the two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, and the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%. Political world history The political history of the world examines the history of politics and government on a global scale, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code Of Ethics
Ethical codes are adopted by organizations to assist members in understanding the difference between right and wrong and in applying that understanding to their decisions. An ethical code generally implies documents at three levels: codes of business ethics, codes of conduct for employees, and codes of professional practice. Code of ethics or code of conduct? (Corporate or business ethics) Many organizations use the phrases ''ethical code'' and ''code of conduct'' interchangeably, but it may be useful to make a distinction. A code of ethics will start by setting out the values that underpin the code and will describe an organization's obligation to its stakeholders. The code is publicly available and addressed to anyone with an interest in that organization's activities and the way it operates. It will include details of how the organization plans to implement its values and vision, as well as guidance to staff on ethical standards and how to achieve them. However, a code of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marceli Handelsman
Marceli Handelsman (1882–1945) was a Polish historian, a Warsaw University professor, medievalist, modern historian, and historical methodologist. Life Marceli Handelsman was born on 8 July 1882, in Warsaw, to a family of distant Jewish ancestry. After graduating in law from the Russian-language Imperial Warsaw University, he moved to Berlin, where he began studies in the history department of Unter den Linden University. In 1906, however, he was dismissed from the school because of his involvement in socialist organizations. Afterwards Handelsman continued his studies at various European universities including Paris, Zürich (where he received his doctorate in 1908), Rapperswil, Vienna and finally London. During World War I, in 1915, he returned to Warsaw and joined Warsaw University as a professor of modern history. He was also appointed a member of the Polish Academy of Learning. One of the most prominent historians of the age, between 1918 and 1939 he was also the editor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Academy Of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences ( pl, Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning. Headquartered in Warsaw, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes. It was established in 1951, during the early period of the Polish People's Republic following World War II. History The Polish Academy of Sciences is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning, headquartered in Warsaw, that was established by the merger of earlier science societies, including the Polish Academy of Learning (''Polska Akademia Umiejętności'', abbreviated ''PAU''), with its seat in Kraków, and the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning (Science), which had been founded in the late 18th century. The Polish Academy of Sciences functions as a learned society acting through an elected assembly of leading scholars and research institutions. The Academy h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
