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Tabanomorpha
The Brachyceran infraorder Tabanomorpha is a small group that consists primarily of two large families, the Tabanidae (horse and deer flies) and Rhagionidae (snipe flies), and an assortment of very small affiliated families, most of which have been (or could be, or sometimes are) included within the Rhagionidae. Description Adult Tabanomorpha typically have a convex face and antenna bearing styli. The forewing has a costa along its entire perimeter (though its posterior portion may be weaker), while the tarsi have pulvilliform empodia. Males have eyes that are nearly or fully holoptic and have an endoaedeagal process which is usually quite long and distinct. Females have the cercus always flattened. Larval Tabanomorpha have a retractable head capsule and a brush of setae just under the fold of the integument. Ecology Adults of most species feed on nectar and pollen, but blood-feeding (hematophagy) occurs in the majority of female Tabanidae, some Rhagionidae and an Atheri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagionidae
Rhagionidae or snipe flies are a small family of flies. They get their name from the similarity of their often prominent proboscis that looks like the beak of a snipe. Description Rhagionidae are medium-sized to large flies with slender bodies and stilt-like legs. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and many species are haematophagous as adults, while others are predatory on other insects. They are typically brown and yellow flies, and lack bristles. The larvae are also predatory and are mostly terrestrial, although some are aquatic.Watson & Dallwitz Snipe flies in the genus '' Rhagio'' are sometimes called "down-looker" flies after their habit of perching head-downward on tree trunks. Classification The family is contained in Brachycera infraorder Tabanomorpha, and several of its constituent groups have been recently elevated to family rank. '' Atherix'' (and related genera) now comprise the Athericidae, '' Vermileo'' (and related genera) now comprise the Vermil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horse-fly
Horse flies and deer flies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect Order (biology), order Diptera. The adults are often large and agile in flight. Only females bite land vertebrates, including humans, to hematophagy, obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. They are found all over the world except for some islands and the polar regions (Hawaii, Greenland, Iceland). Both horse flies and botflies (Oestridae) are sometimes referred to as gadflies. Adult horse flies feed on nectar and plant exudates; males have weak insect mouthparts, mouthparts, but females have mouthparts strong enough to puncture the skin of large animals. This is for the purpose of obtaining enough protein from blood to produce eggs. The mouthparts of females are formed into a stout stabbing organ with two pairs of sharp cutting blades, and a spongelike part used to lap up the blood that flows from the wound. The larvae are predaceous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachycera
The Brachycera are a suborder of the order Diptera. It is a major suborder consisting of around 120 families. Their most distinguishing characteristic is reduced antenna segmentation. Description A summary of the main physical characteristics is: * Antenna size (with eight or fewer flagellomeres) is reduced. In many species the third segment, the flagellum, is fused, except from a bristle called the arista that is sticking out from the fused flagellum. The arista consist of no more than three segments called aristomeres. * The maxillary palp (an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer. * The back portions of the larval head capsule extend into the prothorax (the anterior part of the thorax, which bears the first pair of legs). * Two distinct parts make up of the larval mandible (lower jaw). * The epandrium and hypandrium of the genitalia are separated in males. * No premandible is present on the lower surface of the labrum (the roof of the mout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolbomyiidae
''Bolbomyia'' is a genus of snipe flies, and the sole genus in the family Bolbomyiidae; until 2010, it was placed in the family Rhagionidae. They are a small 2 to 3.5 mm, brown or black in color, with lightly infuscate (darkened) wings. They are restricted to the north temperate region of North America, Japan and Russian Far East (Kamchatka). Species *†'' B. loewi'' Meunier, 1902 - fossil Baltic *'' B. melanderi'' Chillcott, 1963 - Nearctic *'' B. nana'' Loew, 1862 - Nearctic *'' B. wuorentausi'' ( Szilády, 1934) - Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4939015 Rhagionoidea Brachycera genera Diptera of Asia Diptera of North America Taxa named by Hermann Loew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabanoidea
Superfamily Tabanoidea are insects in the order Diptera. Systematics Tabanoidea *Family Athericidae :*Sunfamily Dasyommatinae ::*Genus '' Dasyomma'' Macquart, 1840 :*Subfamily Athericinae ::*Genus '' Asuragina'' Yang & Nagatomi, 1992 ::*Genus '' Atherix'' Meigen, 1803 ::*Genus '' Atrichops'' Verrall, 1909 ::*Genus '' Microphora'' Krober, 1840 ::*Genus '' Pachybates'' Bezzi, 1926 ::*Genus '' Suragina'' Walker, 1858 ::*Genus '' Suraginella'' Stuckenberg, 2000 ::*Genus '' Trichacantha'' Stuckenberg, 1955 ::*Genus '' Xeritha'' Stuckenberg, 1966 ::*Genus '' Athericites'' Mostovski, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2003 ::*Genus '' Succinatherix'' Stuckenberg, 1974 Baltic amber, Eocene *Family Oreoleptidae :*Genus '' Oreoleptis'' Zloty, Sinclair, & Pritchard, 2005 *Family Pelecorhynchidae :*Genus '' Pelecorhynchus'' Macquart, 1850 :*Genus '' Glutops'' Burgess, 1878 :*Genus '' Pseudoerinna'' , 1932 *Family Tabanidae :*Subfamily Adersiinae ::*Genus '' Adersia'' Austen, 1912 :*Subfam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreoleptidae
Oreoleptidae is a family of flies (insects in the order Diptera). The family was established in 2005 on the basis of the type species ''Oreoleptis torrenticola'' placed in the monotypic genus ''Oreoleptis''. The only known species was collected from the Rocky Mountains where the larvae grow in torrential streams. Larvae have also been found in groundwater wells. The larvae are similar to those of Athericidae and Tabanidae Horse flies and deer flies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. The adults are often large and agile in flight. Only females bite land vertebrates, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunli ... but with long crocheted false-legs (prolegs) arising from abdominal segments 2-7. The larvae have hollow mandibular hooks. The aberrant larvae had been collected in the past in the United States and considered as athericids, but entomologists had been unable to identify the adult stage until 2005 when adults were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemestrinoidea
Nemestrinoidea is a small, monophyletic superfamily of flies, whose relationship to the other Brachycera is uncertain; they are sometimes grouped with the Tabanomorpha rather than the Asilomorpha. They are presently considered to be the sister taxon to the Asiloidea. The group contains two very small Neontology, extant families, the Acroceridae and Nemestrinidae, both of which occur worldwide but contain only small numbers of rare species. One extinct family, Rhagionemestriidae, is also included in Nemestrinoidea. These insects are parasitoids, with Acroceridae attacking spiders, and Nemestrinidae typically attacking Orthoptera. Both families have unusual and distinctive wing venation by which they can be easily recognized, in addition to other features. References External links Tree of Life Brachycera Nemestrinoidea, Diptera superfamilies {{Nemestrinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermileonomorpha
The Brachyceran family Vermileonidae (the sole family in the infraorder Vermileonomorpha) is a small family of uncertain affinities and unusual biology. It includes fewer than 80 described species, most of them rare and with restricted distribution, in 11 genera. Historically the vermileonids had been regarded as belonging to the family Rhagionidae, possibly in a subfamily Vermileoninae. Their biology and morphology are so markedly distinct from the main Rhagionidae ''sensu stricto'' however, that the placement as a separate family has been widely accepted. Adult The adults are slender, fragile, long-legged flies, vaguely reminiscent of small crane flies. The adults generally visit flowers for nectar, but adults of some species may not feed at all. The mouthparts of the adult are hypognathous, used mainly for extracting nectar from flowers, long, and straight. This might have something to do with the common name "snipe-fly" for the family Rhagionidae, but it would be misleading t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austroleptidae
''Austroleptis'' is a genus of snipe flies, and the sole genus in the family Austroleptidae; until 2010, it was placed in the family Rhagionidae. They are small to moderately sized flies of around 3 to 7.7 mm. The family Austroleptidae was originally created by Nagatomi (1982) as "Austroleptinae", a subfamily of Rhagionidae. It was later proposed that it be raised to family rank by Stuckenburg (2001). Species *'' Austroleptis atrata'' Nagatomi & Nagatomi, 1987 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis atriceps'' Malloch, 1932 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis breviflagella'' Nagatomi & Nagatomi, 1987 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis camposgerais'' Fachin, Santos & Amorim, 2020 – Neotropic *''Austroleptis collessi'' Paramonov, 1962 – Australasia *'' Austroleptis fulviceps'' Malloch, 1932 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis longirostris'' Fachin, Santos & Amorim, 2018 – Neotropic *'' Austroleptis multimaculata'' Hardy, 1920 – Australasia *'' Austroleptis papaveroi'' Fachin, Santos & Amor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the Host (biology), host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from Scavenger, scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with Herbivore, herbivory, as Seed predation, seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predation behavior varies significantly depending on the organism. Many predators, especially carnivores, have evolved distinct hunting strategy, hunting strategies. Pursuit predation involves the active search for and pursuit of prey, whilst ambush predation, ambush predators instead wait for prey to present an opportunity for capture, and often use stealth or aggressive mimicry. Other predators are opportunism, opportunistic or om ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
