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TV Pickup
TV pickup is a phenomenon that occurs in the United Kingdom involving sudden surges in demand on the national electrical grid, occurring when a large number of people simultaneously watch the same television programme. TV pickup occurs when viewers take advantage of commercial breaks in programming to operate electrical appliances at the same time, causing large synchronised surges in national electricity consumption. Such sudden huge surges in demand tied to the TV schedule are unique to the United Kingdom. Electricity networks devote considerable resources to predicting and providing supply for these events, which typically impose an extra demand of around 200–400 megawatts (MW) on the British National Grid. Short-term supply is often obtained from pumped storage reservoirs, which can be quickly brought online, and are backed up by the slower fossil fuel and nuclear power stations. The largest ever pickup occurred on 4 July 1990, when a 2800 megawatt demand was imposed by th ...
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ...
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England National Football Team
The England national football team have represented England in international Association football, football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by the Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournaments contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship and the UEFA Nations League. England are the joint oldest national team in football having played in the world's 1872 Scotland v England football match, first international football match in 1872, against Scotland men's national football team, Scotland. England's home ground is Wembley Stadium, London, and their training headquarters is at St George's Park National Football Centre, St George's Park, Burton upon Trent. Thomas Tuchel is the current Head Coach. England won the 1966 FIF ...
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Who Shot Phil?
"Who Shot Phil?" was a storyline of the BBC soap opera ''EastEnders'' which began on 1 March 2001 and climaxed on 5 April 2001. Background The storyline centred around one of ''EastEnders longest-running characters, Phil Mitchell (played by Steve McFadden), who had first appeared in February 1990. The build-up to the storyline occurred throughout 2000 and into 2001. The character saw a more menacing side to his personality beginning to surface. Phil's behaviour thus earned him a number of sworn enemies in Albert Square. These included his ex-girlfriend; her new boyfriend Mark Fowler; former step-son Ian Beale; former business partner Dan Sullivan; and love rival Steve Owen. By 2001, the character had become one of the soap's nastiest villains. In an interview with ''The Guardian'', McFadden commented on his alter ego's descent into villainy: "Phil's been had over by a lot of people, so now he feels like he can do it back. It's his history". The character finally received his c ...
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EastEnders
''EastEnders'' is a British television soap opera created by Julia Smith (producer), Julia Smith and Tony Holland which has been broadcast on BBC One since February 1985. Set in the fictional borough of Walford in the East End of London, the programme follows the stories of local residents and their families as they go about their daily lives. Within eight months of the show's original launch, it had reached the number one spot in BARB's television ratings, and has consistently remained among the top-rated series in Britain. Four ''EastEnders'' episodes are listed in the all-time top 10 List of most watched television broadcasts in the United Kingdom#Most watched programmes, most-watched programmes in the UK, including the number one spot, when over 30 million watched the 1986 Christmas Day episode. ''EastEnders'' has been EastEnders in popular culture, important in the history of British television drama, tackling many subjects that are considered to be controversial or taboo ...
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2002 FIFA World Cup Group F
The Group F of the 2002 FIFA World Cup lasted from 2 to 12 June 2002. Sweden men's national football team, Sweden won the group, and advanced to the second round, along with England national football team, England. The two sides were level on points, but Sweden won the tie-break on goals scored, and so won the group with England in second place. Argentina national football team, Argentina and Nigeria national football team, Nigeria failed to advance. Group F was considered by several commentators to be a 'group of death' due to the high rankings, and World Cup records of the teams in the group.BBC SPORT , WORLD CUP , Argentina v England , England's sweet revenge http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/argentina_v_england/default.stm Standings *Sweden men's national football team, Sweden advanced to play Senegal national football team, Senegal (runner-up of 2002 FIFA World Cup Group A, Group A) in the 2002 FIFA World Cup knockout stage#Sweden vs Senegal, r ...
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2002 FIFA World Cup
The 2002 FIFA World Cup, also branded as Korea/Japan 2002, was the 17th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial Association football, football world championship for List of men's national association football teams, men's national teams organized by FIFA. It was held from 31 May to 30 June 2002 at sites in South Korea and Japan, with its 2002 FIFA World Cup final, final match hosted by Japan at Nissan Stadium (Yokohama), International Stadium in Yokohama. During the opening ceremony, the championship was declared opened by President of South Korea Kim Dae-jung. A field of 32 teams qualified for this World Cup, which was the first to be held in Asia, the first to be held outside of the Americas or Europe, as well as the first to be jointly hosted by more than one nation. China national football team, China, Ecuador national football team, Ecuador, Senegal national football team, Senegal and Slovenia national football team, Slovenia made their World Cup debuts, with Senegal being the o ...
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The Thorn Birds (TV Miniseries)
''The Thorn Birds'' is an American television miniseries broadcast on ABC from March 27 to 30, 1983. It starred Richard Chamberlain, Rachel Ward, Barbara Stanwyck, Christopher Plummer, Piper Laurie, Jean Simmons, Richard Kiley, Bryan Brown, Mare Winningham and Philip Anglim. It was directed by Daryl Duke and based on the best-selling 1977 novel of the same name by Colleen McCullough. The series was enormously successful, being the second most widely watched television miniseries in history at the time, behind ''Roots''. ''The Thorn Birds'' scored a staggering 41.9 rating and 59 percent of the audience, and was nominated for sixteen Emmys, winning six. It was followed by a sequel miniseries in 1996, '' The Thorn Birds: The Missing Years'', showing some of what the characters experienced during the nineteen-year time gap in the original. Plot The series centres on the lives of the Cleary family from the 1920s until the 1960s, who are brought from New Zealand to the Austr ...
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Penalty Shootout (association Football)
In association football, a penalty shoot-out (previously known as kicks from the penalty mark) is a tie-breaking method to determine which team is awarded victory in a match that cannot end in a draw, when the score is tied after the normal time as well as extra time (if used) has expired. For example, in a FIFA World Cup, penalties are used in elimination matches; the round of 32, the round of 16, the quarter-finals, the semi-finals, and the final. In a penalty shoot-out, each team takes turns shooting at goal from the penalty mark, with the goal defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. Each team has five shots which must be taken by different players; the team that makes more successful kicks is declared the victor. Shoot-outs finish as soon as one team has an insurmountable lead. If scores are level after five pairs of shots, the shootout progresses into additional " sudden-death" rounds. Balls successfully kicked into the goal during a shoot-out do not count as go ...
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BritNed
BritNed is a 1,000MW high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) submarine power cable between the Isle of Grain in Kent, the United Kingdom; and Maasvlakte in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The BritNed interconnector would serve as a link for the foreseeable European super grid project. History The project was announced in May 2007. The installation of the first section of cable link started on 11 September 2009, The entire cable was completed in October 2010. It began operation on 1 April 2011, and as of January 2012, electricity flow has mostly been from the Netherlands to the UK.Justin Wilkes et alThe European offshore wind industry key 2011 trends and statisticsp22 '' European Wind Energy Association'', January 2012. Accessed: 26 March 2012. Technical description The long bi-pole 450kV interconnector consists of two HVDC cables, which are bundled together. The capacity of the cable is 1,000MW. The interconnector has two converter stations for connecting the link w ...
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HVDC Cross-Channel
The HVDC Cross-Channel () is the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) interconnector that has operated since 1986 under the English Channel between the continental European grid at Bonningues-lès-Calais and the British electricity grid at Sellindge. The cable is also known as IFA, and should not be confused with the new IFA-2, another interconnect with France that is three times as long but only half as powerful. The current 2,000MW link is bi-directional and the countries can import or export depending upon market demands, mostly depending upon weather conditions and availability of renewable energy on the British Isles, and French surplus of nuclear generation or demand for electric heating. It was completed in 1986, and replaced the first cross-Channel link which was a 160MW link completed in 1961 and decommissioned in 1984. A fire in September 2021 caused the link to be removed from service. National Grid announced that half of its capacity would be restored on 20 Octob ...
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Dinorwig Power Station
The Dinorwig Power Station (; ), known locally as Electric Mountain, or Mynydd Gwefru, is a pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme, near Dinorwig, Llanberis in Snowdonia national park in Gwynedd, north Wales. The scheme can supply a maximum power of and has a storage capacity of around . Purpose The scheme was built at a time when responsibility for electricity generation in England and Wales was in the hands of the government's Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB); with the purpose of providing peak capacity, very rapid response, energy storage and frequency control. Dinorwig's very rapid response capability significantly reduced the need to hold spinning reserve on part loaded thermal plant. When the plant was conceived the CEGB used low efficiency old coal and oil fired capacity to meet peaks in demand. More efficient 500MW thermal sets were introduced in the 1960s, initially for baseload operation only. Dinorwig could store cheap energy produced at night by low margin ...
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Pumped-storage Hydroelectricity
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH), or pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES), is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing (electrical power), load balancing. A PSH system stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation. Low-cost surplus off-peak electric power is typically used to run the pumps. During periods of high electrical demand, the stored water is released through water turbine, turbines to produce electric power. Pumped-storage hydroelectricity allows energy from Intermittent energy source, intermittent sources (such as solar power, solar, Wind power, wind, and other renewables) or excess electricity from continuous base-load sources (such as coal or nuclear) to be saved for periods of higher demand. The reservoirs used with pumped storage can be quite small, when contrasted with the lakes of conventional hydroelectric plants of ...
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