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TMA may refer to: Science * Tense–aspect–mood, Tense–Modality–Aspect or ''tense–aspect–mood'', grammatical system * Tetramethylammonium ion or its salts * Thermomechanical analysis * Third man argument, a philosophical criticism of Plato's theory of Forms * Thrombotic microangiopathy * Tissue microarray, device for analysing many histological tissue samples * Transcription mediated amplification * Trimethylamine, (CH3)3N, a simple amine * Trimethylaluminium, (CH3)3Al * Trimesic acid * Psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs that are isomeric-substituted amphetamines: ** 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA or TMA-1) ** 2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2) ** 2,3,4-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-3) ** 2,3,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-4) ** 2,3,6-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-5) ** 2,4,6-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-6) * ''Agave tequilana#Disease, Tristeza y muerte de agave'', a collective term for diseases of blue agave Transportation Aviation * Terminal Manoeuvring Area / Terminal C ...
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Tense–aspect–mood
Tense–aspect–mood (commonly abbreviated in linguistics) or tense–modality–aspect (abbreviated as ) is an important group of grammatical categories, which are marked in different ways by different languages. TAM covers the expression of three major components of words which lead to or assist in the correct understanding of the speaker's meaning: * Tense—the position of the state or action in time, that is, whether it is in the past, present or future. * Aspect—the extension of the state or action in time, that is, whether it is unitary (perfective), continuous (imperfective) or repeated (habitual). * Mood or modality—the reality of the state or action, that is, whether it is actual (realis), a possibility or a necessity (irrealis). For example, in English the word "walk" would be used in different ways for the different combinations of TAM: * Tense: He walked (past), He walks (present), He will walk (future). * Aspect: He walked (unitary), He was walking (conti ...
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Target Motion Analysis
Target Motion Analysis (TMA) is a process to determine the position of a target using passive sensor information. Sensors like passive ''RADAR'' and ''SONAR Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances ( ranging), communicate with or detect objects o ...'' provide directional and occasionally frequency information. TMA is done by marking from which direction the sound comes at different times, and comparing the motion with that of the operator's own ship. Changes in relative motion are analyzed using standard geometrical techniques along with some assumptions about limiting cases. There are two different ways to execute TMA: manual and automated. Manual TMA Manual TMA methods involve computation executed by humans instead of computers. There exist several manual TMA methods such as: Ekelund Ranging, 1934 Rule, Spears Wheel etc. ...
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Soyuz-TMA
The Soyuz-TMA () was a spacecraft built by Energia and used by Roscosmos for human spaceflight. It is a revision of the Soyuz spacecraft introduced in 2001 and was in use until 2012 after being superseded in 2010 by the Soyuz TMA-M. While it looks identical to the earlier Soyuz-TM on the outside, the spacecraft features several changes to accommodate requirements requested by NASA to better service the International Space Station. The most important difference are the anthropometric changes, primarily in the form of new adjustable crew couches that allowed shorter, taller, lighter and heavier passengers to ride in the spacecraft. The Soyuz also received improved parachute systems and a "glass cockpit," a first for an expendable vehicle. Design A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back): * A spheroid orbital module * A small aerodynamic reentry module * A cylindrical service module with solar panels attached The first two portions are habitable livin ...
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Soyuz TMA-6
Soyuz TMA-6 was a human spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS). It carried three crew members of Expedition 11 to the International Space Station. It was the 26th crewed flight to the ISS. It was launched by a Soyuz FG and returned to Earth after performing operations at the ISS. Crew Docking with ISS *Docked to ISS: April 17, 2005, 02:20 UTC (to Pirs module) *Undocked from ISS: July 19, 2005, 10:38 UTC (from Pirs module) *Docked to ISS: July 19, 2005, 11:08 UTC (to nadir port of Zarya) *Undocked from ISS: October 10, 2005, 21:49 UTC (from nadir port of Zarya) Mission highlights Soyuz TMA-6 is a Soyuz TMA spacecraft which was launched on April 15, 2005 by a Soyuz-FG rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome. During the return flight from the ISS, instruments in the descent module of the Soyuz spacecraft indicated a cabin-pressure-leak that is still under investigationThe Expedition 11 crew, Sergei Krikalev-Cdr Russia, John Phillips-U.S.A. replaced the Expedition 10 c ...
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Soyuz TMA-5
Soyuz TMA-5 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz-FG launch vehicle. Crew TMA 5 ISS 10 Crew patches were designed by Seán O'Mara for USSR Airspace. Docking with ISS *Docked to ISS: October 16, 2004, 04:16 UTC (to Pirs module) *Undocked from ISS: November 29, 2004, 09:29 UTC (from Pirs module) *Docked to ISS: November 29, 2004, 09:53 UTC (to nadir port of Zarya) *Undocked from ISS: April 24, 2005, 18:44 UTC (from nadir port of Zarya) Mission highlights 25th crewed flight to ISS. Soyuz TMA-5 is a Soyuz spacecraft that was launched on October 14, 2004 by a Soyuz-FG rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Expedition 10 crew, Leroy Chiao of the US and Salizhan Sharipov of Russia replaced the Expedition 9 crew, Gennady Padalka - Cdr. Russia and Edward Fincke U.S.A. The launch of Expedition 10 was delayed beyond its scheduled October 9, 2004 launch date. During preflight testing, an explosive bolt was accidentally activated o ...
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Soyuz TMA-4
Soyuz TMA-4 was a Soyuz spacecraft, Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle. It was launched on 19 April 2004 (UTC) from Baikonur Cosmodrome. Gennady Padalka from Russia, Michael Fincke from the US and André Kuipers from the Netherlands were flown to the International Space Station. Kuipers returned to Earth 9 days later together with ISS crew 8 with the re-entry module of the Soyuz TMA-3, the other two stayed as ISS crew 9. The craft landed 24 October 2004 with Padalka, Fincke and Yuri Shargin aboard. Crew Original Crew Mission parameters *Mass: ? kg *Perigee: 200 km *Apogee: 252 km *Inclination: 51.7° *Period: 88.7 minutes Docking with ISS *Docked to ISS: 21 April 2004, 05:01 UTC (to nadir port of Zarya (ISS module), Zarya) *Undocked from ISS: 23 October 2004, 21:08 UTC (from nadir port of Zarya (ISS module), Zarya) Mission highlights Soyuz TMA-4 is a Russian passenger spacecraft that was launched by a So ...
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Soyuz TMA-3
Soyuz TMA-3 was a Soyuz spacecraft, Soyuz (Russian Союз ТМА-3, ''Union TMA-3'') mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle which was the third flight for the ''TMA'' modification of the Soyuz spacecraft, and the 7th Soyuz to fly to the ISS. Crew Original Crew Mission parameters From NASA: *Mass: ? kg *Perigee: 376 km *Apogee: 384 km *Inclination: 51.6° *Period: 92.20 min Docking with ISS *Docked to ISS: October 20, 2003, 07:16 UTC (to Pirs (ISS module), Pirs module) *Undocked from ISS: April 29, 2004, 20:52 UTC (from Pirs (ISS module), Pirs module) Specifications *Max. altitude - 387.1 km *Min. altitude - 357.9 km *Period - 91.7 min *Inclination - 65.64° Mission highlights The commander of the Soyuz was Aleksandr Kaleri (RKA). The flight engineer was Michael Foale (NASA), and Pedro Duque (ESA) served as the second flight engineer. After docking with the ISS they exchanged the current crew on ISS and ...
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Soyuz TMA-2
Soyuz TMA-2 was a Soyuz spacecraft, Soyuz (Russian Союз ТМА-2, ''Union TMA-2'') mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle. The spacecraft docked with the ISS on April 28, 2003 and undocked on October 28, 2003. Soyuz TMA-2 was the second flight for the ''TMA'' modification of the Soyuz spacecraft, and the 6th Soyuz to fly to the ISS. The commander was Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Russia), and the flight engineer was Edward Tsang Lu (USA). After docking with the ISS they exchanged with the resident crew on ISS and became the seventh station crew, called "ISS Expedition Seven". Alexander Kaleri and Michael Foale were assigned as the backup crew. Crew Original Crew Mission parameters *Mass: 7136 kg *Perigee: 200 km *Apogee: 250 km *Inclination: 51.7° *Period: 88.7 min Docking with ISS *Docked to ISS: April 28, 2003, 05:56 UTC (to nadir port of Zarya (ISS module), Zarya) *Undocked from ISS: October 27, 2003, 23: ...
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Soyuz TMA-1
Soyuz TMA-1, also catalogued as Soyuz TM-35, was a 2002 Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle with a Russian-Belgian cosmonaut crew blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. This was the fifth Russian Soyuz spacecraft to fly to the ISS. It was also the first flight of the TMA-class Soyuz spacecraft. Soyuz TM-34 was the last of the prior Soyuz-TM spacecraft to be launched. Crew Mission parameters *Mass: 7,220 kg (15,910 lb), gross *Perigee: 193 km *Apogee: 235 km *Inclination: 51.6° *Period: 88.7 minutes Docking with ISS *Docked to ISS: November 1, 2002, 05:01 UTC (to Pirs module) *Undocked from ISS: May 3, 2003, 22:43 UTC (from Pirs module) Specifications :''Section ref: Astro'' *Gross mass: 7,220 kg (15,910 lb). *Unfuelled mass: 6,320 kg (13,930 lb). *Height: 6.98 m (22.90 ft). *Diameter: 2.20 m (7.20 ft). *Span: 10.70 m (35.10&nbs ...
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Soyuz Spacecraft
Soyuz () is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia). The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet crewed lunar programs. It is launched atop the similarly named Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution, Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, continued to develop and utilize the Soyuz. Between the Space Shuttle's 2011 retirement and the SpaceX Crew Dragon's 2020 debut, Soyuz was the sole means of crewed transportation to and from the International Space Station, a role it continues to fulfill. The Soyuz design has also influenced other spacecraft, including China's Shenzhou and Russia's Progress cargo vehicle. The Soyuz is a single-use spacecraft composed of three main sections. The descent module is where cosmonauts are seated f ...
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Impact Attenuator
An impact attenuator, also known as a crash cushion, crash attenuator, or cowboy cushion, is a device intended to reduce the damage to structures, vehicles, and motorists resulting from a motor vehicle Traffic collision, collision. Impact attenuators are designed to absorb the colliding vehicle's kinetic energy. They may also be designed to redirect the vehicle away from the hazard or away from roadway machinery and workers. Impact attenuators are usually placed in front of fixed structures near highways, such as Gore (road), gore points, Traffic barrier, crash barrier introductions, or overpass supports. Temporary versions may be used for road construction projects. Operation Impact attenuators are designed to absorb the colliding vehicle's kinetic energy to bring it to a stop safely. If no impact attenuator is present, a vehicle which strikes a rigid roadside object will suddenly stop. A person inside will promptly collide with the interior of the vehicle, and that person's inter ...
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