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TIM (psychedelics)
{, border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" , ----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc" , TIM , ----- , Chemical name , Thio isomescaline orDimethoxy-thioxy-1-aminoethane , ----- , Chemical formula , C11H17NO2S , ----- , colspan="2" align="center" , TIM, or thio isomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to mescaline. They were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', none of their durations are known. Very little is known about their dangers or toxicity. TIM compounds 2-TIM ''Dosage'': 240 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none, possible boosting of alcohol 3-TIM ''Dosage'': 240 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none 4-TIM ''Dosage'': 160 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none See also * Phenethylamine * Psychedelics, dissociatives a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUPAC Nomenclature
A chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds. The nomenclature used most frequently worldwide is the one created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The IUPAC's rules for naming organic and inorganic compounds are contained in two publications, known as the '' Blue Book''. . and the '' Red Book'',. respectively. A third publication, known as the '' Green Book'',. recommends the use of symbols for physical quantities (in association with the IUPAP), while a fourth, the '' Gold Book'',''Compendium of Chemical Terminology, IMPACT Recommendations (2nd Ed.)'', Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications. (1997) defines many technical terms used in chemistry. Similar compendia exist for biochemistry''Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents'', London: Portland Press, 1992. (the ''White Book'', in association with the IUBMB), analytical chemistry (the '' Orange Book''), macromolecular che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thio-
The prefix thio-, when applied to a chemical, such as an ion, means that an oxygen atom in the compound has been replaced by a sulfur atom. This term is often used in organic chemistry. For example, from the word ''ether,'' referring to an oxygen-containing compound having the general chemical structure , where R and R′ are organic functional groups and O is an oxygen atom, comes the word ''thioether'', which refers to an analogous compound with the general structure , where S is a sulfur atom covalently bonded to two organic groups. A chemical reaction involving the replacement of oxygen to sulfur is called thionation or thiation. Thio- can be prefixed with ''di-'' and ''tri-'' in chemical nomenclature. The word derives (which occurs in Greek epic poetry as grc, θέ(ϝ)ειον, théweion, label=none and may come from the same root as Latin (Indo-European ''dh-w'') and may have originally meant "fumigation substance".) Examples * Thioamide * Thiocyanate * Thioether * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isomescaline
Isomescaline (2,3,4-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a lesser-known compound based on a well-known psychedelic drug. It is an isomer of mescaline, as well as an analog of TIM-2, TIM-3, and TIM-4. Isomescaline was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PIHKAL'', it is suggested that any potentially active dose would be "greater than 400 mg". Despite its structural similarity to mescaline, isomescaline has produced no effects in humans. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of isomescaline. See also * Phenethylamine * Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Hallucinogens are a large, diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Most hallucinogens can be categorized ... References Psychedelic phenethylamines Phenol ethers {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Formula
In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and ''plus'' (+) and ''minus'' (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include subscripts and superscripts. A chemical formula is not a chemical name, and it contains no words. Although a chemical formula may imply certain simple chemical structures, it is not the same as a full chemical structural formula. Chemical formulae can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than chemical names and structural formulae. The simplest types of chemical formulae are called '' empirical formulae'', which use letters and numbers indicating the numerical ''proportions'' of ato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TIM-2
{, border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" , ----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc" , TIM , ----- , Chemical name , Thioisomescaline orDimethoxy-thioxy-1-aminoethane , ----- , Chemical formula , C11H17NO2S , ----- , colspan="2" align="center" , TIM, or thioisomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to mescaline. They were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', none of their durations are known. Very little is known about their dangers or toxicity. TIM compounds 2-TIM ''Dosage'': 240 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none, possible boosting of alcohol 3-TIM ''Dosage'': 240 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none 4-TIM ''Dosage'': 160 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none See also * Phenethylamine * Psychedelics, dissociatives and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelics, Dissociatives And Deliriants
Hallucinogens are a large, diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Most hallucinogens can be categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants. However, certain hallucinogens such as Fly agaric as well as other gabaergic hallucinogenics are more often considered to technically be hypnotics, therefore indicating another separate subcategory of drugs which can substantially alter visual perception. Etymology The word ''hallucinogen'' is derived from the word ''hallucination''. The term ''hallucinate'' dates back to around 1595–1605, and is derived from the Latin ''hallūcinātus'', the past participle of ''(h)allūcināri'', meaning "to wander in the mind." Characteristics Leo Hollister gave five criteria for classifying a drug as hallucinogenic.Glennon RA. Classical drugs: an introductory overview. In Lin GC and G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mescaline
Mescaline or mescalin (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin. Biological sources It occurs naturally in several species of cacti. It is also found in small amounts in certain members of the bean family, Fabaceae, including '' Acacia berlandieri''. However those claims concerning ''Acacia'' species have been challenged and have been unsupported in any additional analysis. History and use Peyote has been used for at least 5,700 years by Indigenous peoples of the Americas in Mexico. Europeans noted use of peyote in Native American religious ceremonies upon early contact, notably by the Huichols in Mexico. Other mescaline-containing cacti such as the San Pedro have a long history of use in South America, from Peru to Ecuador. While religious and ceremonial peyote use was widespread in the Aztec empire and nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Shulgin
Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 – June 2, 2014) was an American medicinal chemist, biochemist, organic chemist, pharmacologist, psychopharmacologist, and author. He is credited with introducing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly known as "ecstasy") to psychologists in the late 1970s for psychopharmaceutical use and for the discovery, synthesis and personal bioassay of over 230 psychoactive compounds for their psychedelic and entactogenic potential. In 1991 and 1997, he and his wife Ann Shulgin compiled the books '' PiHKAL'' and '' TiHKAL'' (standing for ''Phenethylamines'' and ''Tryptamines I Have Known And Loved''), from notebooks that extensively described their work and personal experiences with these two classes of psychoactive drugs. Shulgin performed seminal work into the descriptive synthesis of many of these compounds. Some of Shulgin's noteworthy discoveries include compounds of the 2C* family (such as 2C-B) and compounds o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TIM-3
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HAVCR2'' (''TIM-3)''gene. HAVCR2 was first described in 2002 as a cell surface molecule expressed on IFNγ producing CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells. Later, the expression was detected in Th17 cells, regulatory T-cells, and innate immune cells (dendritic cells, NK cells, monocytes). HAVCR2 receptor is a regulator of the immune response. Discovery In a screen to identify differentially expressed molecules between Th1 and Th2 cells, Vijay Kuchroo and colleagues first described HAVCR2/TIM-3 in 2002. Kuchroo was the first to characterize the inhibitory function of TIM-3 and its role in inhibiting T cell responses in both autoimmunity and cancer. Similar to other checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, TIM-3 has been successfully targeted to treat several solid and hematogenous malignancies, including melanoma, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TIM-4
{, border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" , ----- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#cccccc" , TIM , ----- , Chemical name , Thioisomescaline orDimethoxy-thioxy-1-aminoethane , ----- , Chemical formula , C11H17NO2S , ----- , colspan="2" align="center" , TIM, or thioisomescaline, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to mescaline. They were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', none of their durations are known. Very little is known about their dangers or toxicity. TIM compounds 2-TIM ''Dosage'': 240 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none, possible boosting of alcohol 3-TIM ''Dosage'': 240 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none 4-TIM ''Dosage'': 160 mg or greater ''Duration'': unknown ''Effects'': Few to none See also * Phenethylamine * Psychedelics, dissociatives and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethanol (abbr. EtOH; also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound. It is an alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be also written as or (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group). Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks. Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. It has medical applications as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock. As of 2006, world production of ethanol was , coming mostly from Brazil and the U.S. Etymology ''Ethanol'' is the systematic name defined by the Intern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
