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Séraphin Couvreur
Séraphin Couvreur (; EFEO Chinese transcription: kóu sái fēn; 14 January 1835 – 19 November 1919) was a French Jesuit missionary to China, sinologist, and creator of the EFEO Chinese transcription. The system devised by Couvreur of the École française d'Extrême-Orient was used in most of the French-speaking world to transliterate Chinese until the middle of the 20th century, after what it was gradually replaced by pinyin. Biography Couvreur arrived at the Catholic Jesuit mission in Hejian, Cangzhou. Also there worked Léon Wieger (1856–1933), another French Jesuit missionary. Works His edition of the 書經 ''Chou King (Shu Jing)'', with French and Latin translations, was used by Pound in the Rock Drill section of the Cantos (LXXXV – XCV). * - , 1930, troisième édition * ''Les quatre livres. I. La Grande Étude. II. L'Invariable Milieu''. (= Les Humanités d'Extrême-Orient. Textes de la Chine). Paris, Cathasia, 1895. * ''Confucius: Entretiens de Confucius et d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EFEO Chinese Transcription
The Chinese transcription of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) was the most used phonetic transcription of Chinese in the French-speaking world until the middle of the 20th century. While it is often deemed to have been devised by Séraphin Couvreur (who was not an EFEO member), its actual creator was Arnold Vissière (1858–1930). It was superseded by Hanyu Pinyin. The transcription of the EFEO did not borrow its phonetics from the national official Standard Mandarin. Rather, it was synthesized independently to be a mean of Chinese dialects, and shows a state of sounds a little older in form (as in Latinxua Sin Wenz and the older version of Wade-Giles). Hence, the phoneme (Pinyin: ), is transcribed as either or ; before the ''jian-tuan merger'' in contemporary Mandarin, i.e. the merger between the alveolar consonants and the alveolo-palatal consonants, before the high front vowels and . Since EFEO makes use, to a large extent, of the phonetic values of Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Française D'Extrême-Orient
The French School of the Far East (french: École française d'Extrême-Orient, ), abbreviated EFEO, is an associated college of PSL University dedicated to the study of Asian societies. It was founded in 1900 with headquarters in Hanoi in what was then French Indochina. After the independence of Vietnam, its headquarters were transferred to Phnom Penh in 1957 and subsequently to Paris in 1975. Its main fields of research are archaeology, philology and the study of modern Asian societies. Since 1907, the EFEO has been in charge of conservation work at the archeological site of Angkor. EFEO romanization system A romanization system for Mandarin was developed by the EFEO. It shares a few similarities with Wade-Giles and Hanyu Pinyin. In modern times, it has been superseded by Hanyu Pinyin. The differences between the three romanization systems are shown in the following table: Directors *1900: Louis Finot *1905: Alfred Foucher *1908: Claude-Eugène Maitre *1920: Lou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanyu Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese form, to learners already familiar with the Latin alphabet. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, but pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written in the Latin script, and is also used in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The word ' () literally means " Han language" (i.e. Chinese language), while ' () means "spelled sounds". The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by a group of Chinese linguists including Zhou Youguang and was based on earlier forms of romanizations of Chinese. It was published by the Chinese Government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as an international stand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hejian
Hejian (; alternative romanizations: Ho Dsie Ho-kienfou is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Cangzhou, in the east-central part of Hebei province, China. , the population was ca. 895,000 inhabitants and the city territory was . Hejian is situated along China National Highway 106. History Séraphin Couvreur (1835–1919) and Léon Wieger (1856–1933), two French Jesuit missionaries and renowned Sinologists worked at the Catholic Jesuit mission in Hejian. The county contains the tomb of Chinese president Feng Guozhang. Administrative divisions After changes in 2016, there were 2 subdistricts, 7 towns, and 11 townships A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...: Before changes in 2016, there were 7 towns and 13 townships: Cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Wieger
Léon Wieger (born 9 July 1856 in Strasbourg, France - died 25 March 1933 in Xian County, Hebei, China), was a French Jesuit missionary, medical doctor, theologist and sinologist who worked at the Catholic Jesuit mission in Hejian, together with Séraphin Couvreur Séraphin Couvreur (; EFEO Chinese transcription: kóu sái fēn; 14 January 1835 – 19 November 1919) was a French Jesuit missionary to China, sinologist, and creator of the EFEO Chinese transcription. The system devised by Couvreur of the � .... He has published numerous books, on Chinese culture, Taoism, Buddhism and Chinese language. Notes References * L. Bresner 1997, The Fathers of Sinology: From the Ricci Method to Leon Wieger's Remedie External links Short biography and quotes of people praising Wieger(in French) 1856 births 1933 deaths French sinologists 19th-century French Jesuits 20th-century French Jesuits French Roman Catholic missionaries 19th-century French physicians French male non-fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Cultural References In The Cantos
This is a list of persons, places, events, etc. that feature in Ezra Pound's ''The Cantos'', a long, incomplete poem in 120 sections, each of which is a canto. It is a book-length work, widely considered to present formidable difficulties to the reader. Strong claims have been made for it as one of the most significant works of modernist poetry of the twentieth century. As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to its content. The most striking feature of the text, to a casual browser, is the inclusion of Chinese characters as well as quotations in European languages other than English. Recourse to scholarly commentaries is almost inevitable for a close reader. The range of allusion to historical events and other works of literature is very broad, and abrupt changes occur with the minimum of stage directions. This list serves as a collection of links to information on a wide range of these references with clear indications of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sien Hsien
{{disambiguation ...
Sien may refer to: *Sien of Diauehi, king of an ancient people of north-east Anatolia *Sien, Germany, an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * Sien Hoornik, mistress of Vincent van Gogh and model for his famous drawing ''Sorrow'' * Wong Foon Sien (1899–1971), Canadian journalist and labour activist * Osowa Sień * ''Ot en Sien'', a 1902 old children's book, written by a teacher in Drenthe, the Netherlands * ''Red Sien'', a 1975 Dutch comedy film directed by Frans Weisz, produced by Rob du Mée * Sien Sovv ''Star Wars: The New Jedi Order'' (or ''New Jedi Order'' or ''NJO'') is a series of 19 science fiction novels, published from 1999 to 2003, set in the ''Star Wars'' Expanded Universe. The series revolves around the Yuuzhan Vong invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T'oung Pao
''T’oung Pao'' (; ), founded in 1890, is a Dutch journal and the oldest international journal of sinology. It is published by the publisher E. J. Brill. ''T'oung Paos original full title was ''T’oung Pao ou Archives pour servir à l’étude de l’histoire, des langues, la geographie et l’ethnographie de l’Asie Orientale (Chine, Japon, Corée, Indo-Chine, Asie Centrale et Malaisie)'' ("Tongbao or Archives for Use in the Study of the History, Languages, Geography, and Ethnography of East Asia Indochina.html" ;"title="hina, Japan, Korea, Indochina">hina, Japan, Korea, Indochina, Central Asia, and Malaysia). The first co editors-in-chief were Henri Cordier and Gustav Schlegel. The journal's title ''T’oung Pao'' appears to be romanized based on the system of Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, rather than Wade-Giles. Traditionally, ''T'oung Pao'' was co-edited by two sinologists, one from France and one from the Netherlands. However, the tradition has been discontinu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1835 Births
Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history. * January 24 – Malê Revolt: African slaves of Yoruba Muslim origin revolt in Salvador, Bahia. * January 26 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Auguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, in Lisbon; he dies only two months later. * January 26 – Saint Paul's in Macau largely destroyed by fire after a typhoon hits. * January 30 – An assassination is attempted against United States President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol (the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States). * February 1 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius. * February 20 – 1835 Concepción earthquake: Concepción, Chile, is destroyed by an earthquake; the resulting tsunami destroys the neighboring city of Tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Jesuits
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * Frenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Sinologists
A list of sinologists around the world, past and present. Sinology is commonly defined as the academic study of China primarily through Chinese language, literature, and history, and often refers to Western scholarship. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization." The field of sinology was historically seen to be equivalent to the application of philology to China, and until the 20th century was generally seen as meaning "Chinese philology" (language and literature). Sinology has broadened in modern times to include Chinese history, epigraphy, and other subjects. Australia * Rafe de Crespigny * Charles Patrick Fitzgerald * Colin Mackerras * Robert Henry Mathews * John Minford * Pierre Ryckmans * Yingjie Guo * Kevin Rudd Austria * Michael Prochazka Belgium * Simon Leys * Roel Sterckx (born 1969) * Antoine Thomas * Ferdinand Verbiest Bulgaria * Snejina Gogova Canada * Timothy Brook * Charles Burton * Jerome Ch'en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
