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Synsphyronus Inglisorum
''Synsphyronus inglisorum'' is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Garypidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2023 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet ''inglisorum'' honours the Inglis family, on whose property the specimens were collected, for their efforts in rehabilitating their land for conservation. Description The body lengths of the male holotype is 2.77 mm; that of the female paratype is 3.12 mm. Colouration is generally dark reddish-brown. Distribution and habitat The species occurs in the Sydney Basin bioregion of eastern New South Wales. The type locality is Craigend Farm, 5.8 km south-south-west of The Oaks, where the pseudoscorpions were found beneath the bark of a thin-leaved stringybark tree in remnant bushland. Behaviour The pseudoscorpions are terrestrial predators Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It ...
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Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. Career Harvey graduated from Monash University in 1983 with a PhD titled "Contributions to the systematics of the Pseudoscorpionida (Arachnida) : the genus ''Synsphyronus'' Chamberlin (Garypidae) and the family Sternophoridae". His research interests include the systematics and evolution of arachnids and other terrestrial invertebrates. He has published 374 scientific papers or books, and was instrumental in the promotion of short-range endemism Short-range endemic invertebrates through a paper outlining the criteria for recognising taxa that could be considered short-range endemics. His primary research interests are with Pseudoscorpions. As of 2024, he has described 888 new species, 93 new genera and four new families including the aquatic mite family Pezidae and the pseudoscorpion family Lar ...
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New South Wales
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Coral Sea, Coral and Tasman Seas to the east. The Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory are Enclave and exclave, enclaves within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the population of New South Wales was over 8.3 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Almost two-thirds of the state's population, 5.3 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its Western Australia border, western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony then also includ ...
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Arthropods Of New South Wales
Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated ( metameric) segments, and paired jointed appendages. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. They form an extremely diverse group of up to ten million species. Haemolymph is the analogue of blood for most arthropods. An arthropod has an open circulatory system, with a body cavity called a haemocoel through which haemolymph circulates to the interior organs. Like their exteriors, the internal organs of arthropods are generally built of repeated segments. They have ladder-like nervous systems, with paired ventral nerve cords running through all segments and forming paired ganglia in each segment. Their heads are formed by fusion of varying numbers of segments, and their brains are formed by fusi ...
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Pseudoscorpions Of Australia
Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida. Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for ticks or small spiders. Pseudoscorpions often carry out phoresis, a form of commensalism in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport. Characteristics Pseudoscorpions belong to the class Arachnida. They are small arachnids with a flat, pear-shaped body, and pincer-like pedipalps that resemble those of scorpions. They usually range from in length.Pennsylvania State University, DepartmentEntomological Notes: Pseudoscorpion Fact Sheet/ref> The large ...
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Endemic Fauna Of Australia
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or, in scientific literature, as an ''endemite''. Similarly, many species found in the Western ghats of India are examples of endemism. Endemism is an important concept in conservation biology for measuring biodiversity in a particular place and evaluating the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment cause species to undergo range shifts (potentially expanding their range into a larger area or becomin ...
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Synsphyronus
''Synsphyronus'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the Garypidae family. It was described in 1930 by American arachnologist Joseph Conrad Chamberlin. Its distribution is mainly in Australia, but also extends to New Zealand and New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t .... Species The genus contains the following species: * '' Synsphyronus absitus'' Harvey, 1987 * '' Synsphyronus alisonae'' Harvey, 2022 * '' Synsphyronus amplissimus'' Harvey, 1987 * '' Synsphyronus apimelus'' Harvey, 1987 * '' Synsphyronus attiguus'' Harvey, 1987 * '' Synsphyronus bounites'' Harvey, 1987 * '' Synsphyronus callus'' Hoff, 1947 * '' Synsphyronus christopherdarwini'' Harvey, 2012 * '' Synsphyronus codyi'' Cullen and Harvey, 2021 * '' Synsphyronus dewae'' Beier, 1969 * '' Synsphyro ...
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Predation
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the Host (biology), host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from Scavenger, scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with Herbivore, herbivory, as Seed predation, seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predation behavior varies significantly depending on the organism. Many predators, especially carnivores, have evolved distinct hunting strategy, hunting strategies. Pursuit predation involves the active search for and pursuit of prey, whilst ambush predation, ambush predators instead wait for prey to present an opportunity for capture, and often use stealth or aggressive mimicry. Other predators are opportunism, opportunistic or om ...
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Terrestrial Animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g. cats, chickens, ants, most spiders), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e.g. fish, lobsters, octopuses), and semiaquatic animals, which rely on both aquatic and terrestrial habitats (e.g. platypus, most amphibians). Some groups of insects are terrestrial, such as ants, butterflies, earwigs, cockroaches, grasshoppers and many others, while other groups are partially aquatic, such as mosquitoes and dragonflies, which pass their larval stages in water. Alternatively, terrestrial is used to describe animals that live on the ground, as opposed to arboreal animals that live in trees. Ecological subgroups The term "terrestrial" is typically applied to species that live primarily on or in the ground, in contrast to arboreal species, who live primarily in trees, even though the latter are actually a specialized subgroup of the terre ...
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Bushland
In Australia, bushland is a blanket term for land which supports remnant natural area, remnant vegetation or land which is disturbed but still retains a predominance of the original floristics and structure. Human survival in bushland has a whole mythology evolving around it, with the stories of Aboriginal trackers and bushrangers deeply entrenched in Australian folklore. Bushland has been a traditional source of wood for fuel and bushfood. Bushland provides a number of ecosystem services including the protection of water quality, stopping erosion, acting as a windbreak, and trapping nutrients. Bushland is prone to Bushfires in Australia, bushfires. This presents a challenge to authorities as infrastructure and habitations encroach into bushland areas. Preservation Until recently Australia had a very high rate of land clearing in Australia, land clearing, which resulted in the destruction of bushland. Since 2006 the rate of land clearing has declined significantly. This is p ...
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Eucalyptus Eugenioides
''Eucalyptus eugenioides'', commonly known as the thin-leaved stringybark or white stringybark, is a species of tree endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small to medium-sized tree with rough stringy bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, Flower buds in groups of between nine and fifteen, white flowers and hemispherical fruit. Description ''Eucalyptus eugenioides'' is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. Its trunk is wide at chest height and has rough, stringy, grey to reddish bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves long and wide, glossy green on the upper surface and distinctly paler below. Adult leaves are more or less the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of nine to fifteen, on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on a pedicel long. Mature buds are green to yellow, oval to ...
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The Oaks, New South Wales
The Oaks is a town in the Macarthur Region of New South Wales, Australia in Wollondilly Shire on the south western edge of the Sydney Basin. The Oaks is located south-west of Sydney via the Hume Highway, west of Camden and 290m above sea-level. At the , The Oaks and the surrounding area had a population of 2,525. Despite a long-standing economic dependence upon coal mining and despite the urban development inspired by its proximity to Sydney, The Oaks has essentially remained an attractive semi-rural district. Pre European history The area was once part of the traditional land of the Tharawal people prior to colonisation, whose territory stretched from Botany Bay in Sydney down to Jervis Bay on the south coast, and into Burragorang in the ranges. The area was fiercely contested between the Tharawal and the Europeans, particularly between 1812 and 1816, culminating in a massacre at Cataract Gorge. A group of the Gandangara people near Appin were caught by Macquarie's troo ...
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Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is ...
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