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Synod Of Melfi (1089)
The synod of Melfi was an ecclesiastical synod held in Melfi from 10 to 15 September 1089, convened by pope Urban II. Seventy bishops and twelve abbots attended and the synod dealt with various ecclesiastic topics connected to the reform movement as well the relation with the Greek part of the church. Background At the beginning of his papacy, pope Urban II was facing an antipope backed by the German Emperor Henry IV and was therefore aiming to end this schism by convening Church councils. At the same time, though both Greeks and Latins were considered as part of the same church, relations between both sides were difficult, especially due to the Norman conquest of southern Italy which brought a predominantly Greek population under Latin rule. Synod Attendance The synod began on 10 September 1089 and was attended by seventy bishops and twelve abbots. Further, the Byzantine emperor also sent ambassadors as did the Norman duke of southern Italy, Roger Borsa, and his half-brother Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melfi
Melfi ( Lucano: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the Vulture area of the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. Geographically, it is midway between Naples and Bari. In 2015 it had a population of 17,768. Geography On a hill at the foot of Mount Vulture, Melfi is the most important town in Basilicata's Vulture, both as a tourist resort and economic centre. Its municipality lies next to the borders with Campania and Apulia, and borders with Aquilonia ( AV), Ascoli Satriano ( FG), Candela (FG), Lacedonia (AV), Lavello, Monteverde (AV), Rapolla, Rionero in Vulture and Rocchetta Sant'Antonio (FG). Its hamlets (''frazioni'') are the villages of Camarda, Capannola, Foggianello, Foggiano, Isca ricotta, Leonessa, Masseria Casella, Masseria Catapane, Masseria Menolecchia, Parasacco, San Giorgio di Melfi, San Nicola, Vaccareccia and Villa Mariannina. History Early history and Middle Ages Inhabited by the Daunians and Lucanians, under the Romans, Melfi was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guitmund
The Norman Guitmund (died c. 1090–1095), Bishop of Aversa, was a Benedictine monk who was an opponent of the teachings of Berengar of Tours. Life Early life In his youth Guitmund entered the monastery of La-Croix-Saint-Leufroy in the Diocese of Évreux. By 1060 he was studying theology at the Abbey of Bec, where he had Lanfranc as teacher and Anselm as a fellow-student, each of them later Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1070 William the Conqueror called him to take up a diocese in England, but Guitmund rejected the offer after witnessing in England to William's brutality and oppression of the English people. Guitmund answered William with his ''Oratio ad Guillelmum'', denouncing the Norman Conquest. In his native Normandy, Guitmund defended the doctrine of transubstantiation against Berengar of Tours. During the 1070s he wrote a treatise on the Holy Eucharist, entitled ''De corporis et sanguinis Jesu Christi veritate in Eucharistia'' ("On the body and blood of Jesus Christ truly i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th-century Church Councils
The 11th century is the period from 1001 (represented by the Roman numerals MI) through 1100 (MC) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium. In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages. There was, after a brief ascendancy, a sudden decline of Byzantine power and a rise of Norman domination over much of Europe, along with the prominent role in Europe of notably influential popes. Christendom experienced a formal schism in this century which had been developing over previous centuries between the Latin West and Byzantine East, causing a split in its two largest denominations to this day: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. In Song dynasty China and the classical Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical Chinese civilization, science and technology, and classical Islamic science, philosophy, technology and literature. Rival political factions at the Song dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1089 In Europe
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In mathematics The number 1 is the first natural number after 0. Each natural number, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in Koinonia, communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments. It is practiced by all of the ancient churches (such as the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox churches) as well as by other Christian denominations; however, it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church, a practice known as shunning. Jehovah's Witnesses use the term disfellowship to refer to their form of excommunication. The word ''excommunication'' means putting a specific indiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Rossano-Cariati
The Archdiocese of Rossano–Cariati () is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Calabria that has existed since 597, beginning as the Diocese of Rossano. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cosenza-Bisignano."Archdiocese of Rossano-Cariati" '' Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016"Archdiocese of Rossano-Cariati" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 History Middle Ages In 597, the Diocese of Rossano was ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Santa Severina
The archdiocese of Santa Severina was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Calabria, southern Italy, that existed until 1986. In that year it was united into the diocese of Crotone, forming the Archdiocese of Crotone-Santa Severina."Archdiocese of Santa Severina" ''''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016."Archdiocese of Santa Severina" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016. History |
Marmoutier Abbey, Tours
Marmoutier Abbey — also known as the Abbey of Marmoutier or Marmoutiers — was an early monastery outside Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France. In its later days it followed the Benedictine order as an influential monastery with many dependencies. History The abbey was founded by Saint Martin of Tours (316-397), in 372, after he had been made Bishop of Tours in 371. Martin's biographer, Sulpicius Severus (''c.'' 363–''c.'' 425), affirms that Martin withdrew from the press of attention in the city to live in Marmoutier (Majus Monasterium), the monastery he founded several miles from Tours on the opposite shore of the river Loire. Sulpicius described the severe restrictions of the life of Martin among the cave-dwelling cenobites who gathered around him, a rare view of a monastic community that preceded the Benedictine rule: According to the French chronicler St. Denis, the Muslims in 732 had made the decision to attack and destroy the monastery. In 853 the abbey was pillaged and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard ( , ; – 17 July 1085), also referred to as Robert de Hauteville, was a Normans, Norman adventurer remembered for his Norman conquest of southern Italy, conquest of southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th century. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, the sixth son of Tancred of Hauteville, Tancred de Hauteville and his wife Fressenda. He inherited the County of Apulia and Calabria from his brother in 1057, and in 1059 he was made Duke of Apulia and Calabria and County of Sicily, Lord of Sicily by Pope Pope Nicholas II, Nicholas II. He was also briefly Prince of Benevento (1078–1081), before returning the title to the papacy. Name Robert's sobriquet, "Guiscard" (in contemporary Latin and Old French , closely related to the English archaism mwod:wiseacre, wiseacre) is often rendered as "the Resourceful", "the Cunning", "the Wily", "the Fox", or "the Weasel". In Italian sources he is known as ''Roberto il Guiscardo'' or ''Roberto d'Altavilla'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmas I Of Constantinople
Cosmas I of Constantinople (; died 1082) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 2 August 1075 to 8 May 1081. Biography Originally from Antioch, Cosmas was educated and resided in Jerusalem for a large part of his life, earning his geographic epithet. He may have been appointed to the patriarchate out of a monastery near or in Jerusalem. He crowned the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates. He disapproved of Nikephoros' marriage to the ex-wife of the previous Emperor Michael VII Doukas but took no further action than degrading the priest who performed the service. Later he used his influence to try to convince him to resign as his popularity declined and the empire entered a period of instability. Cosmas I likewise crowned by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1081. When Alexios I attempted to repudiate his wife Irene Doukaina to marry the ex-empress Maria of Alania, Cosmas I successfully blocked the move as she had already been twice married. Cosmas I resigned or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Reggio Calabria
The Archdiocese of Reggio Calabria-Bova () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Calabria, southern Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b .... It received its current title in 1986, when the independent Diocese of Bova was suppressed,"Archdiocese of Reggio Calabria-Bova" ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved October 7, 2016"Metropolitan Archd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
