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Sylow
Peter Ludvig Meidell Sylow () (12 December 1832 – 7 September 1918) was a Norwegian mathematician who proved foundational results in group theory. Sylow processed and further developed the innovative works of mathematicians Niels Henrik Abel and Évariste Galois in algebra. Sylow theorems and p-groups, known as ''Sylow subgroups'', are fundamental in finite groups. By profession, Sylow was a teacher at the Frederiksborg Latin School for 40 years from 1858 to 1898, and then a professor at the University of Oslo for 20 years from 1898 to 1918. Despite the isolation in Frederiksborg, Sylow was an active member of the mathematical world. He wrote a total of approximately 25 mathematical and biographical works, corresponded with many of the leading mathematicians of the time, and was an able co-editor of ''Acta Mathematica'' from the journal's start in 1882. He was also elected into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1868, a corresponding member of the Academy of Scien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sylow Theorems
In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory, the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Peter Ludwig Sylow that give detailed information about the number of subgroups of fixed order that a given finite group contains. The Sylow theorems form a fundamental part of finite group theory and have very important applications in the classification of finite simple groups. For a prime number p, a Sylow ''p''-subgroup (sometimes ''p''-Sylow subgroup) of a group G is a maximal p-subgroup of G, i.e., a subgroup of G that is a ''p''-group (meaning its cardinality is a power of p, or equivalently, the order of every group element is a power of p) that is not a proper subgroup of any other p-subgroup of G. The set of all Sylow p-subgroups for a given prime p is sometimes written \text_p(G). The Sylow theorems assert a partial converse to Lagrange's theorem. Lagrange's theorem states that for any finite group G the orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, given a prime number ''p'', a ''p''-group is a group in which the order of every element is a power of ''p''. That is, for each element ''g'' of a ''p''-group ''G'', there exists a nonnegative integer ''n'' such that the product of ''pn'' copies of ''g'', and not fewer, is equal to the identity element. The orders of different elements may be different powers of ''p''. Abelian ''p''-groups are also called ''p''-primary or simply primary. A finite group is a ''p''-group if and only if its order (the number of its elements) is a power of ''p''. Given a finite group ''G'', the Sylow theorems guarantee the existence of a subgroup of ''G'' of order ''pn'' for every prime power ''pn'' that divides the order of ''G''. Every finite ''p''-group is nilpotent. The remainder of this article deals with finite ''p''-groups. For an example of an infinite abelian ''p''-group, see Prüfer group, and for an example of an infinite simple ''p'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niels Henrik Abel
Niels Henrik Abel ( , ; 5 August 1802 – 6 April 1829) was a Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in a variety of fields. His most famous single result is the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation in radicals. This question was one of the outstanding open problems of his day, and had been unresolved for over 250 years. He was also an innovator in the field of elliptic functions, discoverer of Abelian functions. He made his discoveries while living in poverty and died at the age of 26 from tuberculosis. Most of his work was done in six or seven years of his working life. Regarding Abel, the French mathematician Charles Hermite said: "Abel has left mathematicians enough to keep them busy for five hundred years." Another French mathematician, Adrien-Marie Legendre, said: "What a head the young Norwegian has!" The Abel Prize in mathematics, originally proposed in 1899 to complement the Nobel Prizes (but f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartvig Nissen School
The Hartvig Nissen School ( no, Hartvig Nissens skole), informally referred to as Nissen, is a gymnasium in Oslo, Norway. It is located in the neighborhood Uranienborg in the affluent West End borough of Frogner. It is Norway's oldest high school for girls and is widely considered one of the country's two most prestigious high schools alongside the traditionally male-only Oslo Cathedral School; its alumni include many famous individuals and two members of the Norwegian royal family. Originally named Nissen's Girls' School, it was founded by Hartvig Nissen and was originally a private girls' school which was owned by its headmasters and which served the higher bourgeoisie. The school formerly also had its own teachers college. The school and its teachers college have the distinction of being both the first gymnasium and the first higher education institution in Norway which admitted females, and the school and its owners played a key role in promoting female education during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halden
Halden (), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Viken county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast. The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about south of Oslo, north of Gothenburg, and east of the border crossing at Svinesund. History Evidence of early human settlements in this region of Norway have been found, particularly in the Svinesund area of the municipality where evidence of early settlements from the Nordic Bronze Age have been found. Named after a small farm ''Hallen'' ( en, "rise" or "slope") first mentioned in 1629, "Halden", became the city of ''Fredrikshald'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Oslo
The University of Oslo ( no, Universitetet i Oslo; la, Universitas Osloensis) is a public research university located in Oslo, Norway. It is the highest ranked and oldest university in Norway. It is consistently ranked among the top universities in the world and as one of the leading universities of Northern Europe; the Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it the 58th best university in the world and the third best in the Nordic countries. In 2016, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings listed the university at 63rd, making it the highest ranked Norwegian university. Originally named the Royal Frederick University, the university was established in 1811 as the de facto Norwegian continuation of Denmark-Norway's common university, the University of Copenhagen, with which it shares many traditions. It was named for King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway, and received its current name in 1939. The university was commonly nicknamed "The Royal Freder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Publishing
Academic publishing is the subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarship. Most academic work is published in academic journal articles, books or theses. The part of academic written output that is not formally published but merely printed up or posted on the Internet is often called " grey literature". Most scientific and scholarly journals, and many academic and scholarly books, though not all, are based on some form of peer review or editorial refereeing to qualify texts for publication. Peer review quality and selectivity standards vary greatly from journal to journal, publisher to publisher, and field to field. Most established academic disciplines have their own journals and other outlets for publication, although many academic journals are somewhat interdisciplinary, and publish work from several distinct fields or subfields. There is also a tendency for existing journals to divide into specialized sections as the field itself becomes more s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnomonics
Gnomonics (from the ancient Greek word γνώμων, , meaning 'interpreter, discerner') is the study of the design, construction and use of sundials. The foundations of gnomonics were known to the ancient Greek Anaximander (ca. 550 BCE), which augmented the science of shadows brought back from Egypt by Thales of Miletus. Gnomonics was used by Greek and Roman architects from 25 BCE for the design of buildings. Modern gnomonics has its root in the nascent European astronomy of the 16th Century. The first works, in Latin, were published by Sebastian Münster in 1531 and Oronce Fine in 1532, rapidly followed by books in French. At the end of the 17th century, gnomonics developed notably in the application of spherical trigonometry. Several methods, both graphical and analytical, were published in books which allowed the creation of sundials of greater or lesser precision to be placed on buildings and in gardens. In his ''Histoire de la Gnomonique ancienne et moderne'', Jean-Étienn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hvem Er Hvem?
''Hvem er hvem?'' ( en, Who is Who?) was a Norwegian book series, presenting facts about notable persons from Norway. The first edition was issued in 1912, and the 14th edition came in 1994. In the 2008 edition, edited by Knut Olav Åmås, one thousand persons were selected for presentation. About one third of the articles are longer, signed biographies, while the rest have a shorter, more encyclopedic format. Edition history *1912 (First edition, edited by Chr. Brinchmann, Anders Daae and K.V. Hammer). 3,500 biographies. *1930 (2nd edition, edited by Hjalmar Steenstrup). 3,250 biographies, of which 1,750 are new. *1934 (3rd edition, edited by Hjalmar Steenstrup) *1938 (4th edition, edited by Hjalmar Steenstrup) *1948 (5th edition, edited by Harald Gram and Bjørn Steenstrup). *1950 (6th edition, edited by Harald Gram and Bjørn Steenstrup) *1955 (7th edition, edited by Harald Gram and Bjørn Steenstrup) *1959 (8th edition, edited by Harald Gram and Bjørn Steenstrup) *1964 (9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of in 2019, and the metropolitan area had an estimated population of in 2021. During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 under the name Ánslo, and established as a ''kaupstad'' or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in honour of the king. It became a municipality (''formannskapsdistrikt'') on 1 January 1838. The city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartvig Nissen
Ole Hartvig Nissen (17 April 1815 – 4 February 1874) was a Norwegian philologist and educator. He founded Nissen's Girls' School in Christiania in 1849. In 1865 he became director-general in the Ministry of Education, while remaining one of three joint headmasters of Nissen's Girls' School until 1872. In 1873 he was appointed to the prestigious position as rector of Oslo Cathedral School. Personal life Hartvig Nissen was born in Melhus as a son of Lutheran priest, Peder Schjelderup Nissen (1775–1826) and Bolette Margrethe Musæus (1774–1859). He was a grandson of Martinus Nissen and first cousin of Rasmus Tønder Nissen. He was the 8th child in his family of 10 children. His great-grandfather Niels Hansen Nissen was born in Fredericia in Denmark and moved to Trondheim in Norway, where he became a merchant. "Nissen" is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Nis," Nis being a form of Niels used in Jutland. In June 1843 in Christiania he married Karen Magdalena Aas (1820– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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