Swarmalators

picture info	Swarmalators Swarmalators are generalizations of phase oscillators that Swarm behaviour, swarm around in space as they Synchronization, synchronize in time. They were introduced to model the diverse real-world systems which both sync and swarm, such as vinegar eels, magnetic domain walls, and Japanese tree frogs. More formally, they are dynamical units with spatial degrees of freedom and internal degrees of freedom whose dynamics are coupled. Real world examples Swarmalation occurs in diverse parts of Nature and technology some of which are discussed below. The Figure to the right plots some examples in a (discipline, number of particles) plot. Biological microswimmers. Sperm, Turbatrix aceti, vinegar eels and potentially other swimmers such as Caenorhabditis elegans, C elegans swarm through space via the rhythmic beating of their tails. This beating may synchronize with the beating of a neighboring swimmer via hydrodynamic coupling, which in turn causes spatial attraction; sync links to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Swarm Behaviour Swarm behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving ''en masse'' or migrating in some direction. It is a highly interdisciplinary topic. As a term, ''swarming'' is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other entity or animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term '' flocking'' or ''murmuration'' can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, '' herding'' to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and ''shoaling'' or ''schooling'' to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. Phytoplankton also gather in huge swarms called ''blooms'', although these organisms are algae and are not self-propelled the way animals are. By extension, the term "swarm" is applied also to inanimate entities which exhibit parallel behaviours, as in a robot swarm, an earthquake swarm, or a swarm of stars. From a more abstract point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Kuramoto Model The Kuramoto model (or Kuramoto–Daido model), first proposed by , is a mathematical model used in describing synchronization. More specifically, it is a model for the behavior of a large set of coupled oscillators. Its formulation was motivated by the behavior of systems of chemical and biological process, biological oscillators, and it has found widespread applications in areas such as Neural oscillation#Mathematical description, neuroscience and oscillating flame dynamics. Kuramoto was quite surprised when the behavior of some physical systems, namely coupled arrays of Josephson junctions, followed his model. The model makes several assumptions, including that there is weak coupling, that the oscillators are identical or nearly identical, and that interactions depend sinusoidally on the phase difference between each pair of objects. Definition In the most popular version of the Kuramoto model, each of the oscillators is considered to have its own intrinsic natural frequency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Japanese Tree Frog ''Hyla japonica'', commonly known as the Japanese tree frog, is a species of anuran native to Japan, China, and Korea. ''H. japonica'' is unique in its ability to withstand extreme cold, with some individuals showing cold resistance at temperatures as low as −30 °C for up to 120 days. ''H. japonica'' are not currently facing any notable risk of extinction and are classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN as a species of "least concern". Notably, ''H. japonica'' have been sent to space in a study that explored the effect of microgravity on ''H. japonica''. ''Hyla japonica'' is considered as synonymous with ''Dryophytes japonicus''. However, a 2025 study treated that this species as ''Dryophytes japonicus'' again, and separated northern species as ''Dryophytes leopardus''. The Japanese tree frog lives in a variety of habitats such as wetlands, forests, rivers, and mountains. They are generally located near vegetation near water sources and forest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]