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Suruga Trough
The is a trough that lies off the coast of Suruga Bay in Japan, forming part of the Nankai Trough, the latter being responsible the source of many large earthquakes in Japan's history. Both mark the boundary of the Philippine Sea Plate subducting under the Amurian Plate. See also * Japan Median Tectonic Line * List of earthquakes in Japan This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter scale (''ML'') or the moment magnitude scale ('' ... * Sagami Trough Subduction zones Geology of Japan Oceanic trenches of the Pacific Ocean {{Marine-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nankai Trough Topographic
Nankai () is a family of schools in China founded by Yan Xiu (严范孙) (1860–1920) and Zhang Boling (张伯苓) (1876–1951). The schools include: * Nankai High School in Tianjin (天津南开中学) (1904). * Nankai University in Tianjin (南开大学) (1919). * The Nankai Women's High School (1923), Tianjin Second Nankai High School (天津第二南开中学) (present). * The Nankai Elementary School in Tianjin (天津南开小学) (1928, ruined in WW2). * Nanyu High School (1935), Chongqing Nankai Secondary School (重庆南开中学) (1936). * Chongqing Nankai Elementary School (重庆南开小学) (1937). * Shuguang Middle School in Zigong (自贡蜀光中学) (1937). * Nankai University Affiliated High School (南开大学附中) (1954). Nankai District (南开区, Nán-kāi Qū) in the city of Tianjin Tianjin is a direct-administered municipality in North China, northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the National Central City, nine national ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trough (geology)
In geology, a trough is a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance. Although it is less steep than a ''trench'', a trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. These features often form at the rim of tectonic plates. There are various oceanic troughs on the ocean floors. Examples of oceanic troughs * Benue Trough * Cayman Trough * Hesperides Trough * Kings Trough * Mariana Trough * Nankai Trough * Northumberland Trough * Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea * Rockall Trough and others along the rift of the mid-oceanic ridge * Salton Trough * South Shetland Trough * Suakin TroughDinwiddie, Robert et al. (2008) ''Ocean: The World's Last Wilderness Revealed'', London, Dorling Kindersley, page 452. in the Red Sea * Timor Trough See also * Oceanic basin * Thalweg * Walker Lane The Walker Lane is a geologic trough roughly aligned with the California/Nevada border southward to where Death Valley intersects the Garlock Fault, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suruga Bay
Suruga Bay (駿河湾, ''Suruga-wan'') is a bay on the Pacific coast of Honshū in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is situated north of a straight line from Omaezaki Point to Irōzaki Point at the tip of the Izu Peninsula and surrounded by Honshū to the southwest and west and the Izu Peninsula to the east. Geology Suruga Bay is a place of contrasts. Japan's loftiest peak, Mount Fuji at , rises from the depth of the Suruga Trough running up the middle of the bay, which makes it Japan's deepest. Numerous rivers—especially the major Fuji, the Ōi, and Abe rivers—empty into its western portion, giving that area of the bay a seabed rich in submarine canyons and other geographical features, whereas at the bay's easternmost end, only the Kano River empties into a pocket called Uchiura-wan at Numazu, Shizuoka, where the Izu Peninsula connects to Honshu, giving the water greater transparency and leaving the seabed largely flat except for a number of small rocky islands, some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nankai Trough
The is a submarine trough located south of the Nankaidō region of Japan's island of Honshu, extending approximately offshore. The underlying fault, the ''Nankai megathrust,'' is the source of the devastating Nankai megathrust earthquakes, while the trough itself is potentially a major source of hydrocarbon fuel, in the form of methane clathrate. In plate tectonics, the Nankai Trough marks a subduction zone that is caused by subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath Japan, part of the Eurasian plate (Kanda et al., 2004). This plate boundary would be an oceanic trench except for a high flux of sediments that fills the trench. Within the Nankai Trough there is a large amount of deformed trench sediments (Ike, 2004), making one of Earth's best examples of accretionary prism. Furthermore, seismic reflection studies have revealed the presence of basement highs that are interpreted as seamounts that are covered in sediments (Ike, 2004). The northern part of the trough i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Sea Plate
The Philippine Sea plate or the Philippine plate is a tectonic plate comprising oceanic lithosphere that lies beneath the Philippine Sea, to the east of the Philippines. Most segments of the Philippines, including northern Luzon, are part of the Philippine Mobile Belt, which is geologically and tectonically separate from the Philippine Sea plate. The plate is bordered mostly by convergent boundaries: To the north, the Philippine Sea plate meets the Okhotsk microplate at the Nankai Trough. The Philippine Sea plate, the Amurian plate, and the Okhotsk plate meet near Mount Fuji in Japan. The thickened crust of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc colliding with Japan constitutes the Izu Collision Zone. The east of the plate includes the Izu– Ogasawara (Bonin) and the Mariana Islands, forming the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc system. There is also a divergent boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the small Mariana plate which carries the Mariana Islands. To the east, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subduction
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent boundaries between tectonic plates. Where one tectonic plate converges with a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the other and sinks into the mantle. A region where this process occurs is known as a subduction zone, and its surface expression is known as an arc-trench complex. The process of subduction has created most of the Earth's continental crust. Rates of subduction are typically measured in centimeters per year, with rates of convergence as high as 11 cm/year. Subduction is possible because the cold and rigid oceanic lithosphere is slightly denser than the underlying asthenosphere, the hot, ductile layer in the upper mantle. Once initiated, stable subduction is driven mostly by the negative buoyancy of the dense subducting lithosphere. The down-going slab sinks into the mantle largely under its own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amurian Plate
The Amur plate (or Amurian plate; also occasionally referred to as the China plate, not to be confused with the Yangtze plate) is a minor tectonic plate in the northern and eastern hemispheres. The Amurian Plate is named after the Amur River, which forms the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Eurasian plate, on the east by the Okhotsk plate, to the southeast by the Philippine Sea plate along the Suruga Trough and the Nankai Trough, and the Okinawa plate, and the Yangtze plate.Yu. F. Malyshev, et al. Deep structure of the Amur lithospheric Plate border zone. The Amurian Plate may have been involved in the 1975 Haicheng earthquake and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in China. Boundaries The Amurian microplate is a division within the Eurasian plate, with an unknown western boundary, defined on the south by the Qinling suture zone in central China and the Baikal Rift Zone and Stanovoy Mountains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Median Tectonic Line
, also Median Tectonic Line (MTL), is Japan's longest Fault (geology), fault system. The MTL begins near Ibaraki Prefecture, where it connects with the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) and the Fossa Magna. It runs parallel to Japan's volcanic arc, passing through central Honshū to near Nagoya, through Mikawa Bay, then through the Seto Inland Sea, Inland Sea from the Kii Channel and Naruto Strait to Shikoku along the Sadamisaki Peninsula and the Bungo Channel and Hōyo Strait to Kyūshū. The sense of motion on the MTL is right-lateral strike-slip, at a rate of about 5–10 mm/yr.Okada, A., On the Quaternary faulting along the Median Tectonic Line, in ''Median Tectonic Line'' (in Japanese with English abstract), edited by R. Sugiyama, pp. 49–86, Tokai Univ. Press, Tokyo, 1973. This sense of motion is consistent with the direction of oblique convergence at the Nankai Trough. The rate of motion on the MTL is much less than the rate of convergence at the Nankai Trough, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Earthquakes In Japan
This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter scale (''ML'') or the moment magnitude scale (''Mw''), or the surface wave magnitude scale (''Ms'') for very old earthquakes. The present list is not exhaustive, and furthermore reliable and precise magnitude data is scarce for earthquakes that occurred before the development of modern measuring instruments. History Although there is mention of an earthquake in Yamato in what is now Nara Prefecture on August 23, 416, the first earthquake to be reliably documented took place in Nara prefecture on May 28, 599 during the reign of Empress Suiko, destroying buildings throughout Yamato province.Hammer, Joshua. (2006). ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II,'' p. 62–63.Ishibashi, K. (2004);Status of historical seismology in Japan ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sagami Trough
The also Sagami Trench, Sagami Megathrust, or Sagami Subduction Zone is a long trough, which is the surface expression of the convergent plate boundary where the Philippine Sea plate is being subducted under the Okhotsk microplate. It stretches from the Boso triple junction in the east, where it meets the Japan Trench, to Sagami Bay in the west, where it meets the Nankai Trough. It runs north of the Izu Islands chain and the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc (IBM). Megathrust earthquakes associated with the Sagami Trough, known as Kantō earthquakes, are a major threat to Tokyo and the Kantō region because of the proximity to a population center (with over 36 million living in Tokyo's metro area, with a total of 43 million living in the Kanto Region) and the magnitude the Sagami Trough can create. Earthquakes The Sagami Trough megathrust generated the 1293 Kamakura earthquake, the 1703 Genroku earthquake, which was the greatest rupture along the trough in the last thousand years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subduction Zones
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent boundaries between tectonic plates. Where one tectonic plate converges with a second plate, the heavier plate dives beneath the other and sinks into the mantle. A region where this process occurs is known as a subduction zone, and its surface expression is known as an arc-trench complex. The process of subduction has created most of the Earth's continental crust. Rates of subduction are typically measured in centimeters per year, with rates of convergence as high as 11 cm/year. Subduction is possible because the cold and rigid oceanic lithosphere is slightly denser than the underlying asthenosphere, the hot, ductile layer in the upper mantle. Once initiated, stable subduction is driven mostly by the negative buoyancy of the dense subducting lithosphere. The down-going slab sinks into the mantle largely under its own wei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geology Of Japan
The islands of Japan are primarily the result of several large ocean movements occurring over hundreds of millions of years from the mid-Silurian to the Pleistocene, as a result of the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the continental Amurian Plate and Okinawa Plate to the south, and subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Okhotsk Plate to the north. Japan was originally attached to the eastern coast of the Eurasian continent. The subducting Philippine and Pacific plates descended beneath the Asian plate into the eastward flow of the asthenosphere. This change in pressure from the asthenosphere pushing back on the subjected plates pulled Japan eastward off of Asia in the process of Back-arc basin, back-arc extension. This opened up the Sea of Japan around 15 million years ago. The Strait of Tartary and the Korea Strait opened much later. Japan is situated in a Volcano, volcanic zone on the Pacific Ring of Fire. Frequent low intensity earth tremors and occasional v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
