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Sursum Corda (Italy)
Sursum Corda was an Italian student movement organized with irredentist purposes before 1914. It may be considered one of the precursors of fascist organizations in Italy and seems to have its origins in the Italian youth organisations from the first years of the 20th century such as the ''battaglioni studenteschi'' founded in 1906 (or so) in Milan. The model were the German Burschenschaften. Their Fiuman member was Nino Host Venturi, According to Host Venturi, he already in 1913 organised a ''Battaglione studenti volontari "Sursum Corda"'' in Brescia with students and expats from Austria-Hungary. They trained during weekends in the surrounding hills with the support from Italian regular army officers. In spring 1919 they had already a battalion-strength formation in Trieste. Nino Host Venturi kept the contacts with Gabriele D'Annunzio and organised his arrival in Fiume. Leo Negrelli from Trieste Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism
Fascism ( ) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement. It is characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived interest of the nation or Race (human categorization), race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Opposed to communism, democracy, liberalism, Pluralism (political philosophy), pluralism, and socialism, fascism is at the far right of the traditional left–right spectrum.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Fascism rose to prominence in early-20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements Italian fascism, emerged in Italy during World War I, before Fascism in Europe, spreading to other European countries, most notably Nazi Germany, Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burschenschaft
A Burschenschaft (; sometimes abbreviated in the German ''Burschenschaft'' jargon; plural: ) is one of the traditional (student associations) of Germany, Austria, and Chile (the latter due to German cultural influence). Burschenschaften were founded in the 19th century as associations of university students inspired by liberal and nationalistic ideas. They were significantly involved in the March Revolution and the unification of Germany. After the formation of the German Empire in 1871, they faced a crisis, as their main political objective had been realized. So-called were established, but these were dissolved by the Nazi regime in 1935/6. In West Germany, the were re-established in the 1950s, but they faced a renewed crisis in the 1960s and 1970s, as the mainstream political outlook of the German student movement of that period started leaning more towards the left. Roughly 160 exist today in Germany, Austria and Chile. History Origins The very first one, called (" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nino Host Venturi
Giovanni Host-Venturi, also known as "Nino" Host-Venturi (born Giovanni Host-Ivessich; 24 June 1892 – 29 April 1980) was an Italian fascist politician and historian. Italian irredentist Born as Giovanni Host-Ivessich in Fiume, then Austria-Hungary, Nino Host obtained a license to middle school, and specialized as a dentistry technician. In the eve of World War I, he enrolled the Sursum Corda. An Italian irredentist, he defected to the Italians and participated as a volunteer, with the new nom de guerre "Venturi" earning thrice a Silver Medal of Military Valor and the rank of captain of the Alpini and then the Arditi. In November 1918 he arrived in Fiume with the Italian occupation troops, and immediately was co-opted in the Italian National Council of Fiume. In Fiume in April 1919, Giovanni Venturi created the "Legion of Fiume", consisting of a core of volunteers officially to defend the city from the French army contingent in the city, who took a pro-Yugoslav stance. In M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brescia
Brescia (, ; ; or ; ) is a city and (municipality) in the region of Lombardy, in Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Lake Garda, Garda and Lake Iseo, Iseo. With a population of 199,949, it is the second largest city in Lombardy and the fourth largest in northwest Italy. The urban area of Brescia extends beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 672,822, while over 1.5 million people live in its metropolitan area. The city is the administrative capital of the Province of Brescia, one of the largest in Italy, with over 1.2 million inhabitants. Founded over 3,200 years ago, Brescia (in antiquity Brixia) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times. Its old town contains the best-preserved Ancient Rome, Roman public buildings in northern Italy and numerous monuments, among these the medieval castle, the Old Cathedral, Brescia, Old and New Cathedral, Brescia, New cathedral, the Renaissance ''Piazza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiume
Rijeka (; Fiume ( fjuːme in Italian and in Fiuman Venetian) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia. It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 107,964 inhabitants. Historically, because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port, the city was fiercely contested, especially between the Holy Roman Empire, Venice, Italy and Yugoslavia, changing rulers and demographics many times over centuries. According to the 2011 census data, 85% of its citizens are Croats, along with small numbers of Serbs, Bosniaks and Italians. Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The city's economy largely depends on shipbuilding (shipyards " 3. Maj" and " Viktor Lenac Shipyard") and maritime transport. Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl. Zajc, first built in 1765, as well as the University of Rijeka, founded in 1973 but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Negrelli
Leo Negrelli (born in Trieste, died in Spain in 1974), was an Italian journalist. Biography As a member of the Sursum Corda he was one of the organisers of Gabriele D'Annunzio's arrival in Fiume in 1919. Negrelli continued to play an important part in the 1920s as the main liaison for Hermann Göring in Italy, after the failure of Hitler's Beer Hall revolution in 1923. Before the coup d'état Kurt Ludecke persuaded Mussolini to send Dr. Leo Negrelli to Munich to interview Hitler on Oct. 16, 1923 for the Corriere Italiano. In 1926 he became director of the ''Alpenzeitung'' the German newspaper published under the auspices of the Italian Fascist government for the Province of Bolzano. In summer 1929 Leo Negrelli was in charge with an experimental radio broadcasting program aimed for Italians residing in America and in the Italian African colonies. The transmissions, intended as a propaganda service, from the stationery Roma S.Paolo were under the control of the Ministry of the comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, regional decentralization entity of Trieste. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste, on a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia; Slovenia lies close, at approximately east and southeast of the city, while Croatia is about to the south of the city. The city has a long coastline and is surrounded by grassland, forest, and karstic areas. As of 2025, it has a population of 198,668. Trieste belonged, as Triest, to the Habsburg monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century, the monarchy was one of the Great Powers of Europe and Trieste was its most important seaport. As a prosperous trading hub in the Mediterranean region, Trieste grew to become the fourth largest city of the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
