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Supreme Court Of Turkmenistan
The Supreme Court of Turkmenistan () is a constitutional institution in Turkmenistan. It is one of three Turkmen institutions to exercise governmental power and is the highest ranking court in the country. Established in 1992 after the adoption of the Constitution of Turkmenistan, the Supreme Court currently consists of 22 judges who are appointed by the President of Turkmenistan for a 5-year term. It is the successor to the Supreme Court of the Turkmen SSR. The associate judges are divided into three different chambers, each specifically focusing on civil, criminal, and military law. The Supreme Court is affiliated to different regional munincipal, provincial courts, district and city courts, as well as the Supreme Economic Court. The main tasks of the court include interpreting the Constitution and reviewing the constitutionality any decision made by the Assembly of Turkmenistan. The Supreme Court of Turkmenistan has the ability to review appeals against court and arbitral awa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the six independent Turkic states. With a population over 7 million, Turkmenistan is the 35th most-populous country in Asia and has the lowest population of the Central Asian republics while being one of the most sparsely populated nations on the Asian continent. Turkmenistan has long served as a thoroughfare for several empires and cultures. Merv is one of the oldest oasis-cities in Central Asia, and was once among the biggest cities in the world. It was also one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1881, Turkmenistan figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1925, Turkmenistan be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Turkmenistan
The Constitution of Turkmenistan () adopted on 18 May 1992 is the supreme law of Turkmenistan (Article 5). In its preamble, the Constitution emphasizes self-determination for the Turkmen people, as well as the rule of law and rights for citizens. (''See also Human rights in Turkmenistan''). The 1992 constitution was amended in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2006. It was amended on 26 September 2008, abolishing the 2,500-member People's Council () and expanding the elected Assembly () from 65 to 125 members. A new constitution was adopted on 14 September, 2016. State Flag and Constitution Day is celebrated on 18 May. Constitution of the Turkmen SSR There were three Constitutions of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, enacted in 1927, 1937, and 1978. The last was superseded by the modern Constitution of Turkmenistan, which came into force in 1992. It has since been amended in 2008 and 2016. Overview Section 1 Section 1 of the 2008 Constitution is composed of 17 articles (15 artic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Turkmenistan
The president of Turkmenistan (), officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and heads the State Security Council. Serdar Berdimuhamedow is the current president of Turkmenistan, the third in the history of the country since it gained independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. He succeeded his father, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow when the latter stepped down in 2022 after a reign of 15 years, the first president to do so. In the 2022 election, Berdimuhamedow received 72.97% of the country's popular vote against nine other candidates. International observers have criticized the honesty of this election. The country passed reforms in 2016 eliminating term limits for the presidency and removing the previous age requirement of below 70, as well as extending the term from five t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkmen SSR
The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Turkmenistan, the Turkmen SSR, TuSSR, Turkmenistan, or Turkmenia, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union located in Soviet Central Asia, Central Asia existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR. Since then the borders of the Turkmenia were unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it became Turkmenistan, independent as Turkmenistan. Geographically, Turkmenistan was bordered between Iran, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan to the south, Caspian Sea to the west, the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazakh SSR to the north and the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Uzbek SSR to the east. History Annexation to Russia Russian Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly Of Turkmenistan
The Assembly () is the unicameral legislature of Turkmenistan. Between March 2021 and 21 January 2023, it was the lower house of the National Council of Turkmenistan. It consists of 125 members, who are elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies. Structure In addition to the speaker (chairperson) and deputy speaker, the Mejlis is organised into committees, which are decided on at the beginning of each convocation. The speaker, deputy speaker, and committee chairs form a presidium, which is responsible for organizing the work of the Mejlis. History Originally, the Assembly shared power with the People's Council. Between 2018 and January 2023, the People's Council was restored as a parliamentary body, an arrangement formalised in 2020. A 2003 law reduced the power of the Assembly and augmented that of the People's Council. This meant that until 2008 the Assembly could be legally dissolved by the People's Council, was led by the President, and was no longer ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidium
A presidium or praesidium is a council of executive officers in some countries' political assemblies that collectively administers its business, either alongside an individual president or in place of one. The term is also sometimes used for the governing body of European non-state organisations. Communist usage In Communist states the presidium is the permanent committee of the legislative body. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet existed after 1936, when the Supreme Soviet of the USSR supplanted the Congress of Soviets of the USSR, as a replacement for the Central Executive Committee which was headed by "the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee". In its place was the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet alone, no Central Executive Committee, and from 1938 to 1989, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the formal title of the head of state of the USSR until the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet was introduced in 1989, later to be replaced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbitration
Arbitration is a formal method of dispute resolution involving a third party neutral who makes a binding decision. The third party neutral (the 'arbitrator', 'arbiter' or 'arbitral tribunal') renders the decision in the form of an 'arbitration award'. An arbitration award is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in local courts, unless all parties stipulate that the arbitration process and decision are non-binding. Arbitration is often used for the resolution of Commercial law, commercial disputes, particularly in the context of International commerce, international commercial transactions. In certain countries, such as the United States, arbitration is also frequently employed in consumer and employment matters, where arbitration may be mandated by the terms of employment or commercial contracts and may include Class action waiver, a waiver of the right to bring a class action claim. Mandatory consumer and employment arbitration should be distinguished from consensu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali-Shir Nava'i
'Ali-Shir Nava'i (9 February 1441 – 3 January 1501), also known as Nizām-al-Din ʿAli-Shir Herawī ( Chagatai: نظام الدین علی شیر نوایی, ) was a Timurid poet, writer, statesman, linguist, Hanafi Maturidi mystic and painter who was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature. Nava'i believed that his native Chagatai Turkic language was superior to Persian for literary purposes, an uncommon view at the time and defended this belief in his work titled '' Muhakamat al-Lughatayn'' (''The Comparison of the Two Languages''). He emphasized his belief in the richness, precision and malleability of Turkic vocabulary as opposed to Persian. Due to his distinguished Chagatai language poetry, Nava'i is considered by many throughout the Turkic-speaking world to be the founder of early Turkic literature. Many places and institutions in Central Asia are named after him, including the province and city of Navoiy in Uzbekistan. Many monuments and busts in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashgabat
Ashgabat (Turkmen language, Turkmen: ''Aşgabat'') is the capital city, capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Kopet Dag, Kopetdag mountain range in Central Asia, approximately 50 km (30 mi) away from the Iran-Turkmenistan border. The city has a population of 1,030,063 (2022 census). The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke (Turkmen tribe), Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924 when it was known as Poltoratsk. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, but has since been extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov's "White City" urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west. Today, as the capital of an independent Turkmenistan, Ashgabat retains a multiethnic population, wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Öwezgeldi Ataýew
Öwezgeldi Ataýew (; born 1951) is a Turkmen politician. He was the chairman of the Assembly of Turkmenistan from 2002 to 2006. According to the Constitution of Turkmenistan, he was to become the acting president after the death of Saparmurat Niyazov in December 2006. However, the State Security Council of Turkmenistan reported that Atayev was not appointed acting president due to a criminal case started against him. Atayev was charged with abuse of power and human rights violations. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, who was one of several Deputy Prime Ministers and Minister of Health, succeeded Niyazov instead. According to ''Kommersant'', Atayev was arrested on 21 December 2006. Berdimuhamedow signed an order dismissing Atayev for "committing a deed incompatible with the high position entrusted to him". Atayev was accused in a statement of harassing and humiliating his daughter-in-law and driving her to attempted suicide. He was subsequently imprisoned until March 2012.https://www.cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chary Hojamuradov
Chary Hojamuradov (also, Chary Khojamuradov and Chary Hodzhamyradov; ) is a lawyer and former Prosecutor General of Turkmenistan. Early life Hojamuradov was born in Baherden District of the Ahal Region in 1962. He graduated from the Law Faculty of Turkmen State University in 1984. Career Till 1990, Hojamuradov worked at the Ashgabat District Legal Cell. Following that, he was appointed as a judge and serviced at the courts of Büzmeýin and Kopetdag districts for two years. In 1992, he was appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court. After a tenure of six years, he was removed and installed as the Deputy Chairman of the Ashgabat City Court; by 2002, he was the Chairman. From 2002 to 2006, he served as the Chairman of the Dashoguz Provincial Court before being reinstated as Chair of the Ashgabat City Court for a one-year stint. On 14 July 2007, President Berdimuhamedow decreed his appointment as the Chairman of Supreme Court, after firing Ýagşygeldi Esenow. On 3 March 2008, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaranmurad Yazmuradov
Yaranmurad Yazmuradov (also, Yaranmurat Yazmuradov and Yaranmyrat Yazmyradov) is a lawyer and former Prosecutor General of Turkmenistan. He is currently serving an imprisonment for 30 years. Early life Yazmuradov was born in 1971 at Büzmeýin. He graduated from Turkmen State University's Faculty of Law in 1996, and in the meanwhile—from 1992 to 1996—served as a secretary of the Supreme Court Presidium for Civil Judges. Career Upon graduation, Yazmuradov was appointed as a Judge of a Military Court of the Ashgabat Military District. For the next ten years, he served in various roles ranging from an officer in the social services department to the head of local law enforcement to an officer in Ashgabat notary. In 2007, he was roped in as a judge of the Ashgabat City court. Having served for hardly a year, he was appointed as the chairman/Chief Judge of the Ahal Provincial Court. Within months, on 3 March 2008, Yazmuradov was inducted by President Berdimuhamedow as the Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
