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Supreme Council For National Reconstruction
The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction () was the ruling military junta of South Korea from May 1961 to December 1963. The Supreme Council overthrew the Second Republic of Korea in the May 16 coup in May 1961 and established a provisional military government composing largely of officers who were involved in or supportive of the coup. The Supreme Council was headed by the chairman, the '' de facto'' head of government with dictatorial powers, while President Yun Posun was retained as a figurehead. The Supreme Council prioritized South Korea's economic development and political stability, suspending the National Assembly and most political freedoms, and founding the Korean Central Intelligence Agency to combat pro-North Korean and other anti-government activity. Park Chung Hee served as Chairman of the Supreme Council from July 1961 until his victory in the 1963 South Korean presidential election, and the Supreme Council was dissolved upon the inauguration of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The term ''Cold war (term), cold war'' is used because there was no direct fighting between the two superpowers, though each supported opposing sides in regional conflicts known as proxy wars. In addition to the struggle for ideological and economic influence and an arms race in both conventional and Nuclear arms race, nuclear weapons, the Cold War was expressed through technological rivalries such as the Space Race, espionage, propaganda campaigns, Economic sanctions, embargoes, and sports diplomacy. After the end of World War II in 1945, during which the US and USSR had been allies, the USSR installed satellite state, satellite governments in its occupied territories in Eastern Europe and N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yun Posun
Yun Po-sun (, or ; August 26, 1897 – July 18, 1990) was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the president of South Korea from 1960 to 1962. He was the only president of the short-lived Second Republic of Korea, and served as little more than a figurehead due to its nature as a parliamentary system. Having entered politics after World War II, Yun served as Secretary to Korea's Chief of Staff in 1947, and was Mayor of Seoul in 1948. He served as Commerce Minister for the newly liberated Korea from 1949 to 1950. In 1955, Yun helped establish the South Korean Democratic Party. He was forced to resign the presidency by Park Chung Hee as a result of the May 16 coup in 1961. Early life Yun Po-sun was born in Dunpo-myeon, Asan, South Chungcheong Province in 1897. He was a son of Yun Chi-so (윤치소, 尹致昭, 1871–1944) and Lady Yi Beom-suk (이범숙, 李範淑, 1876–1969). Yun Chiso is the second son of Yun Yeong-ryeol (윤영렬;尹英烈). Yun Yeong-rye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Government
A military government is any government that is administered by a military, whether or not this government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue or by an occupying power. It is usually administered by military personnel. Types of military government include: * Military occupation of acquired foreign territory and the administration thereof * Martial law, temporary military rule of domestic territory * Military dictatorship, an authoritarian government controlled by a military and its political designees, called a military junta when done extralegally * Military junta, a government led by a committee of military leaders * Stratocracy, a government traditionally or constitutionally run by a military * Military democracy, a war-based society that practices democracy. With an elected and removable general as supreme chief, a council of elders and a popular assembly A popular assembly (or people's assembly) is a gathering called to address issues of importance to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional Government
A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership, is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse, revolution, civil war, or some combination thereof. Provisional governments generally come to power in connection with a grave crisis that has caused the previous government to suddenly and irreversibly collapse, such as economic collapse, civil war, Debellatio, defeat in a foreign war, revolution, or the death of a long-serving authoritarian ruler. Questions of democratic transition and state-building are often fundamental to the formation and policies of such governments. Provisional governments maintain Power (social and political), power until a new government can be appointed by a regular political process, which is generally an election. They may be involved with defining the legal structure of subsequent regimes, guidelines related to huma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Republic Of Korea
The Second Republic of Korea () was the government of South Korea from June 1960 to May 1961. The Second Republic was founded months after the April Revolution mass protests against President Syngman Rhee, succeeding the First Republic of Korea, First Republic and establishing a parliamentary system, parliamentary government under President Yun Posun and Prime Minister Chang Myon. The Second Republic ended Rhee's authoritarianism and political repression, repression, formed a liberal democracy, and formulated the first Five-Year Plans of South Korea, Five-Year Plans to develop the formerly neglected economy. After thirteen months it was overthrown by the Republic of Korea Army, South Korean Army in the May 16 coup led by Park Chung Hee. The Second Republic was replaced by a provisional government, provisional military government under the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, leading to the Third Republic of Korea. The short-lived Second Republic was the only Parliamentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Junta
A military junta () is a system of government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''Junta (governing body), junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the Junta (Peninsular War), national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Peninsular War, Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808.Junta ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (last updated 1998). The term is now used to refer to an authoritarian form of government characterized by oligarchic military dictatorship, as distinguished from other categories of authoritarian rule, specifically Strongman (politics), strongman (autocratic military dictatorships); machine (oligarchic party dictatorships); and bossism (autocratic party dictatorships). A junta often comes to power as a result of a coup d'état. The junta may either formally take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rule By Decree
Rule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick, unchallenged promulgation of law by a single person or group of people, usually without legislative approval. While intended to allow rapid responses to a crisis, rule by decree is easily abused and is often a key feature of dictatorships. When a state of emergency, such as martial law, is in place, rule by decree is common. While rule by decree is easily susceptible to the whims and corruption of the person in power, it is also takes less time: a law can take weeks or months to pass in a legislature, but can be edited quickly during ruling by decree. This is what makes it valuable in emergency situations. Thus, it is allowed by many constitutions, including the French, Argentine, Indian and Hungarian constitutions. The expression is also sometimes used when describing actions of democratic governments that are perceived to unduly bypass scrutiny from the legislature or populace. Prominent historical examples Lex Titia a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chang Do-yong
Chang Do-yong (; 23 January 1923 – 3 August 2012) was a South Korean general, politician and professor who, as the Army Chief of Staff, played a decisive role in the May 16 coup and was the first chairman of the interim Supreme Council for National Reconstruction for a short time until his imprisonment. Early life and education Chang was born on 23 January 1923, in Ryūsen-gun, Heianhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan. Chang attended Sinuiju High School(middle school). He graduated from the history department of Toyo University in 1944, planning to become a teacher, but instead attended and graduated from the Military Language School, the predecessor to the current Korea Military Academy.Kim, J. S. (2020, November 15). 박정희를 머리 숙이게 한 남자, 쫓겨난 진짜 이유. ohmynews. Retrieved May 10, 2022, from http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/Series/series_premium_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002691020 Career World War Two and The Korean War Chang initially served in the Impe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Hyun-chul (politician)
Kim Hyun-chul (; November 13, 1901 – February 27, 1989) was a Korean indepenence activist, politician, and Prime Minister of South Korea. Biography In 1917, he graduated from the Mining Department of Beijing Higher Industrial School. Afterwards, he went to study in the United States, and graduated from University of Pittsburgh The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is composed of seventeen undergraduate and graduate schools and colle ... in the United States in 1929, and graduated from Columbia University in the United States in 1932, and obtained a master's degree. In 1933, he served as a member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Resources of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea Gumi. In 1953, he was appointed as the director of the planning department. In 1955, he was appointed as the deputy minister of the Ministry o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Park Chung-hee
Park Chung Hee (; ; November14, 1917October26, 1979) was a South Korean politician and army officer who served as the third president of South Korea from 1962 after he seized power in the May 16 coup of 1961 until Assassination of Park Chung Hee, his assassination in 1979. His regime oversaw a period of intense economic growth and transformation, making him one of the most consequential leaders in Korean history, although his legacy as a military dictator continues to cause controversy. Before his presidency, Park was the second-highest-ranking officer in the South Korean army. His coup brought an end to the interim Second Republic of Korea. After serving for two years as chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, military junta, he was 1963 South Korean presidential election, elected president in 1963, ushering in the Third Republic of Korea, Third Republic. A firm Anti-communism, anti-communist, he continued to maintain close ties with the United States, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Yo-chan
Song Yo Chan (; February 13, 1918 – October 18, 1980) was prime minister (Chief Cabinet Minister - Military Rule) of South Korea from 3 July 1961 to 16 June 1962. Previously, he had been the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade from 22 July 1961 – 10 October 1961 and was a lieutenant general. He ordered the arrest of corrupt officers in the army. He had studied politics and economics at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. During the final days of the First Republic of South Korea of president Syngman Rhee, he declared martial law and demanded the resignation of Rhee. Song Yo Chan refused to quell student-led protesters even though the police asked for bullets and troops. These protests are known as the April Revolution. Early life Education and background Song was born on February 13, 1918, in Cheongyang County, Chūseinan Province, Korea, Empire of Japan (now South Chungcheong Province, South Korea). He was the second of two brothers and 6 daughter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jang Do-young
Chang Do-yong (; 23 January 1923 – 3 August 2012) was a South Korean general, politician and professor who, as the Army Chief of Staff, played a decisive role in the May 16 coup and was the first chairman of the interim Supreme Council for National Reconstruction for a short time until his imprisonment. Early life and education Chang was born on 23 January 1923, in Ryūsen-gun, Heianhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan. Chang attended Sinuiju High School(middle school). He graduated from the history department of Toyo University in 1944, planning to become a teacher, but instead attended and graduated from the Military Language School, the predecessor to the current Korea Military Academy.Kim, J. S. (2020, November 15). 박정희를 머리 숙이게 한 남자, 쫓겨난 진짜 이유. ohmynews. Retrieved May 10, 2022, from http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/Series/series_premium_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002691020 Career World War Two and The Korean War Chang initially served in the Impe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
