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Suprarenal Vein
The suprarenal veins are two in number: * the ''right'' ends in the inferior vena cava. * the ''left'' ends in the left renal or left inferior phrenic vein. They receive blood from the adrenal glands and will sometimes form anastomoses An anastomosis (, : anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf#Veins, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be ... with the inferior phrenic veins. Additional images File:Gray480.png, Diagram showing completion of development of the parietal veins File:Gray1183.png, Suprarenal glands viewed from the front File:Gray1184.png, Suprarenal glands viewed from behind References External links Veins of the torso Adrenal gland {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrenal Gland
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer adrenal cortex, cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner Adrenal medulla, medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three main zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and osmoregulation, electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superior Suprarenal Artery
The superior suprarenal artery is an artery in the abdomen. It is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery, itself a branch of the aorta. It supplies the adrenal gland. Structure The superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery. There may be multiple branches, each of which is fairly small. The inferior phrenic artery is itself is a branch of the aorta. The phrenic artery supplies the diaphragm. Function The superior suprarenal artery supplies the adrenal gland. It may be more important during prenatal development. Clinical significance The superior suprarenal artery may be assessed using Doppler ultrasound. History The superior suprarenal artery may also be known as the superior adrenal artery. See also * Middle suprarenal arteries * Inferior suprarenal artery The inferior suprarenal artery is a paired artery that supplies the adrenal gland. It usually originates at the trunk of the renal artery before its terminal division, but with m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Suprarenal Artery
The middle suprarenal artery (middle capsular artery) is a paired artery in the abdomen. It is a branch of the aorta. It supplies the adrenal gland. Structure Origin The middle suprarenal artery (usually) arises from lateral aspect of the abdominal aorta. Its origin occurs at roughly the same level as that of the superior mesenteric artery. Course The vessel passes laterally and slightly superior-ward, passing over the crura of the diaphragm to reach the surface of the ipsilateral suprarenal gland, whereupon it forms anastomoses with the other suprarenal arteries. Relations The anatomical relations of the left and right middle superior artery differ. The right vessel crosses the inferior vena cava posteriorly near the right celiac ganglion. The left vessel passes near the right celiac ganglion, superior margin of the spleen, and splenic artery. Variation There is usually a single middle suprarenal artery (on either side of the body), but in some individuals, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Suprarenal Artery
The inferior suprarenal artery is a paired artery that supplies the adrenal gland. It usually originates at the trunk of the renal artery before its terminal division, but with many common variations. It supplies the adrenal gland parenchyma, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles. Structure The inferior suprarenal artery usually originates at the trunk of the renal artery. This is usually on its superior surface before its terminal division. It enters the parenchyma of the adrenal gland. Variations Variations in the interior suprarenal artery are common. It usually originates from the renal artery before its final divisions, but may also originate as a final division or after the final divisions. More rarely, it may originate directly from the aorta. It may give off a small branch to the kidney. There may be two or three inferior suprarenal arteries in some people. Its diameter changes significantly with age. Function The inferior suprarenal artery s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Vena Cava
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the fifth Lumbar vertebrae, lumbar vertebra. The inferior vena cava is the lower ("anatomical terms of location#Superior and inferior, inferior") of the two venae cavae, the two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart: the inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower half of the body whilst the superior vena cava carries blood from the upper half of the body. Together, the venae cavae (in addition to the coronary sinus, which carries blood from the muscle of the heart itself) form the venous counterparts of the aorta. It is a large retroperitoneal vein that lies Posterior (anatomy), posterior to the abdominal cavity and runs along the right side of the vertebral column. It enters the right a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renal Vein
The renal veins in the renal circulation, are large-calibre veins that drain blood filtered by the kidneys into the inferior vena cava. There is one renal vein draining each kidney. Each renal vein is formed by the convergence of the interlobar veins of one kidney. Because the inferior vena cava is on the right half of the body, the left renal vein is longer than the right one. Structure One renal vein drains each kidney. A renal vein is situated anterior to its corresponding accompanying renal artery. The renal veins empty into the inferior vena cava, entering it at nearly a 90° angle. Due to the right-ward displacement of the inferior vena cava from the midline, the left renal vein is some 3 times longer than the right one (~7.5 cm and ~2.5 cm, respectively). The renal vein divides into 4 divisions upon entering the kidney: * the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, * the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Phrenic Vein
The inferior phrenic veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; * the right ends in the inferior vena cava; * the left is often represented by two branches, ** one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, ** while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the .... References Thoracic veins Veins of the torso {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The adrenal cortex itself is divided into three main zones: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone are synthesized in the zona fasciculata; their functions include the regulation of metabolism and immune system suppression. The innermost layer of the cortex, the zona reticularis, produces androgens that are converted to fully functional sex hormones in the gonad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastomoses
An anastomosis (, : anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf#Veins, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale (heart), foramen ovale in a fetus' heart) or abnormal (such as the atrial septal defect#Patent foramen ovale, patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital disorder, congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, geology, and geography. Etymology Anastomosis: medical or Modern Latin, from Greek ἀ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Phrenic Veins
The inferior phrenic veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; * the right ends in the inferior vena cava; * the left is often represented by two branches, ** one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, ** while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the .... References Thoracic veins Veins of the torso {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veins Of The Torso
Veins () are blood vessels in the circulatory system of humans and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are those of the pulmonary and fetal circulations which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In the systemic circulation, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart, in the deep veins. There are three sizes of veins: large, medium, and small. Smaller veins are called venules, and the smallest the post-capillary venules are microscopic that make up the veins of the microcirculation. Veins are often closer to the skin than arteries. Veins have less smooth muscle and connective tissue and wider internal diameters than arteries. Because of their thinner walls and wider lumens they are able to expand and hold more blood. This greater capacity gives them the term of ''capacitance vessels''. At any time, nearly 70% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
